2012高考英语答题技巧

讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 1 页 共 27 页 1 2012 完形高分策略完形高分策略 Skills of Cloze Tests 课时 课时 1 1 5 5 一 高考完形填空命题趋势 选材特点 以记叙文为主 多以记叙文和夹叙夹意为主多以记叙文和夹叙夹意为主 命题特点 1 设空特点 名词 动词 5 8 个 为主 2 考点层次分三部 里边层次 语篇层次 30 以上 体现了突出语篇的命题思路 句子层次 占 70 左右 单词层次 只须读懂单词所在句子就能做 分数较少 3 考查重点 短文第一句不设问 高考完形填空题型特点 1 以叙为主 叙议结合 2 篇章短小 意义完整 3 首句完整 主题明确 4 结构清晰 层次分明 5 考查语境 侧重辨析 6 实词为主 虚词为辅 7 逻辑推理 隐于语篇 8 常识语法 每年出现 完型填空 之能力训练目标 1 词语辨析能力 2 语法结构分析能力 3 语篇理解能力 4 逻辑推理能力 5 文化背景透析能力 6 作者意图剖析能力 8 生活常识综合运用能力 二 考生易失分之处 考生易失分之处 1 忽视行文逻辑 断章取义 就题论题 2 脱离语境 滥用固定搭配 3 缺乏必要的生活常识和不了解中西文化的差异 做题三忌 做题三忌 急于求成 未通读全文便忙于答题 不了解文意 无整体概念边读边填 两眼忙于空急于求成 未通读全文便忙于答题 不了解文意 无整体概念边读边填 两眼忙于空 白与选项之间 欲速则不达 白与选项之间 欲速则不达 只抠字眼 语法 不顾文意 抓不住关键 只抠字眼 语法 不顾文意 抓不住关键 断章取义 就题论题 不管前后联系 互不照应 前后矛盾 断章取义 就题论题 不管前后联系 互不照应 前后矛盾 三 做题三步法方法 三 做题三步法方法 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 2 页 共 27 页 2 四 巧解完形填空 高分技巧 1 研究首尾 找主题 2 上下联系 寻信息 3 左顾右盼 找搭配 4 思前想后 觅逻辑 5 语境分析 辨词义 6 集中精力 破难题 7 回读检查 补漏洞 1 提高阅读能力 速度 理解 2 打好语法基础 固定搭配 3 扩充词汇量 动词 名词 4 增长生活常识 培养广泛的兴趣爱好 5 多做多练 以提高实战能力 How to get high scores 1 正确的答题步骤正确的答题步骤 2 必要的答题技巧必要的答题技巧 3 适量的实践训练适量的实践训练 九大方法巧解完形 一 利用首句来解题 根据全文来选择 I did very badly at school My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14 he said 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 3 页 共 27 页 3 You re never going to be 37 anything but a failure A bright B useless C simple D hopeful 二 根据上下文语境 合理推断来解题 Our father was a struggling lawyer but I always knew he was 37 He never criticized us but used 38 to bring out our best 37 A strict B honest C special D learned 38 A help B peace C smile D praise Practice His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T shirt and trousers Although his family often 43 about that Ed refused to buy a 44 T shirt or to lose weight 43 A cared B forgot C quarreled D joked 44 A clean B straight C larger D darker 三 利用语篇标志解题 三找 三找 常见的标志性的词语有以下几种 结构层次 firstly secondly thirdly 逻辑关系 thus therefore so 递进关系 besides what s more further 转折关系 but while however on the other hand 等 She told the front desk clerk she had had a n 41 vacation but was heart broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed A disappointing B wonderful C uncomfortable D important 1 1 找逻辑关系题 转折 让步 解释 对立 因果 并列 总分 递进 找逻辑关系题 转折 让步 解释 对立 因果 并列 总分 递进 2 2 找 找 NOTNOT 题 在原文中找题 在原文中找 notnot 句式结构 句式结构 前面肯定后面否定 前面否定后面肯定 则选对立关系的词 考点 考点 以下条件缺一不可 考查的是一个肯定句和否定句之间的逻辑关系 空前后必须是独立的句子 出题位置在两个句子之间或第二个句子的开头 不能处在一个句子的末尾或中间 选项中必须要有对立关系的词 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 4 页 共 27 页 4 3 3 找 找 ANDAND 题 在原文中找题 在原文中找 andand 考点 考点 and 前后选同义词 词性一致 and 前后选同一范围词 and 前后句子对应成分相同 在文章中 并列关系词前后如果出题 利用已知关系解题 3 3 找同现复现原则 找同现复现原则 Liumei is among the 22 ones The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted 答应给 Liu a full scholarship HK 500 000 Not all students are so fortunate 22 A poor B smart C lucky D silent Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language Some of us like 2 friends while others like different friends Personally I prefer both Having similar friends has many advantages 2 A true B right C same D similar 四 根据逻辑推理解题 and the officers then began to eat their meal saying that the mushrooms had a very strange quite pleasant taste A besides B but C and D or 五 根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择 The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world 36 Owning springs and streams sometimes means control particularly in the 37 areas like the desert A dry B distant C deserted D wild 六 从语法角度来解题 I went into a caf and asked for a coffee 21 I was waiting for my drink I realized that there were other people in the place but I sensed 22 loneliness 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 5 页 共 27 页 5 A Before B Since C Although D While Have you ever shouted at a teacher told someone you were lonely or said you were in love and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut 23 23 A A wishedwished B B hopedhoped C C blamedblamed D D sharedshared 解题思路 解题思路 利用语法分析解题 选项中的动词都是过去式 其后句宾语从句 had kept 是 过去完成时 故判断是虚拟 七 从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题 1 He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming 1 So he shouldn t have gone into that place 1 A after all B in all C at all D for all 八 从词语辨析的角度来解题 When two weeks later I 38 this same boy I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society I should 9 enjoy this country as the son of a minister A ran after B ran into C ran over D ran to 九 同义近义复现来解题九 同义近义复现来解题 I believe that a mixture of friends is equally advantageous One can 7 from various sorts of friends in three aspects First frequent contacts with different friends broaden my world outlooks Just as various kinds of nutriments keep you healthy making a 8 of friends keep you lively Secondly I have found that different friends can not only lead to new adventures but also show me new avenues to success in life 7 A obtain B benefit C suffer D earn 8 A range B series C quantity D variety 完型填空实战四招 抓首 抓住首句 预测全文 完形填空所选短文多没有标题 但一般首句是一个不设空 或较简单 的完整的句子 往往用以点明短文 的体裁 如议论 说明或叙述等 因此 我们在解题时一定要注意以首句的时态 语态及表述方式为立足点 来进行逻辑思维 判断文章体裁 找出文章中心 捕眼 捕捉题眼 寻找契机 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 6 页 共 27 页 6 所谓 题眼 就是指那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词以及能够帮助我们解决问题问题的特定的语境 捕捉题眼 就是要迅速找到语篇中的特殊的内在联系 那些表示因果 递进 转折 指代等意义的连接 词及动词 形容词 副词 同位语等 还有那些明确具体的事实 如时间 地点 人物 形状 色彩 顺序 以及它们之间的关系等 跳身 避难就易 节省时间 在解题过程中 我们应该遵循 先易后难 的原则 遇到少数疑难问题时不可徘徊不前 为了不影响做题 速度 我们可以暂时跳过难点 去解决那些靠上下文能确定的 比较直接具体的问题 或许在上文中难以判 断的题在下文中就有暗示或明确的表示 或许一个在前面不能解的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗 一般说来 固定词组 习惯搭配 常见句型及明显的语法结构等易于判断 扫尾 复读全文 解决残敌 到了这时 借助已经补全的空白 我们应该对全文有了更清楚的理解 可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问 题 如采用排除法逐步缩小包围圈等方法 对于实在无从下手的个别题目 我们则完全可以凭语感来确定 把几个选项逐一放在空格内念两遍 哪个念起来顺口 舒服就选哪个 注意 凭语感选定的答案不要 轻易改动 因为最初的感觉很可能是正确的 在各空都已填出后 再复读全文 我们必须重视这最后的弥补疏漏 改正错误的扫尾机会 以争取最好 成绩 真题实战演练真题实战演练 2011 全国新课标卷 完形填空全国新课标卷 完形填空 共共 2020 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 51 5 分 满分分 满分 3030 分分 In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 36 同义复现 同义复现 course about 20 years ago 记叙文 回忆 人物 时间 事件 记叙文 回忆 人物 时间 事件 education The professor 37 the lecture hall placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans 豆 and invited the students to 38 同义复现 同义复现 how many beans the jar contained After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin dry smile announced the 40 answer 与前面 与前面 wrong 相对应 相对应 and went on saying You have just 41 an important lesson about science That is Never 42 your own senses Twenty years later the 43 上文提到的人物 上文提到的人物 could guess what the professor had in mind He 44 himself perhaps as inviting his students to start an exciting 45 概括的是答概括的是答 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 7 页 共 27 页 7 案案 into an unknown world invisible 无形的 to the 46 which can be discovered only through scientific 47 But the seventeen year old girl could not accept or 顺接关系 顺接关系 even 48 the invitation She was just 49 to understand the world And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 The professor however 与小女孩的观点相反的与小女孩的观点相反的 said that it was 52 与 与 51 相对 相对 he was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute I remember feeling small and 54 找 找 and the women says and I did the only thing I could do I 55 the course that afternoon and I haven t gone near science since 找否定词 找否定词 36 A artB historyC scienceD math 37 A searched fo B looked atC got throughD marched into 38 A countB guessC reportD watch 39 A warningB givingC turning awayD listening to 40 A readyB possibleC correctD difficult 41 A learnedB preparedC taughtD taken 42 A loseB trustC sharpenD show 43 A lecturerB scientistC speakerD woman 44 A describedB respectedC sawD served 45 A voyageB movementC changeD rush 46 A professor B eye C knowledge D light 47 A model B senses C spirit D methods 48 A hear B make C present D refuse 49 A suggesting B beginning C pretending D waiting 50 A believed B doubted C proved D explained 51 A growth B strength C faith D truth 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 8 页 共 27 页 8 52 A firm B interesting C wrong D acceptable 53 A task B tool C success D connection 54 A cruel B proud C frightened D brave 55 A dropped B started C passed D missed 要点综述 本文是记叙文 二十年前 在第一节理科实验课上 一位教授做了一个实验 这个实验告 诉学生们 不要相信自己的判断 正是这个实验让一位妇女以后远离了理科 36 C 联系下文 an important lesson about science 我们知道 这是一节理科实验课 37 D 从空后的 placed upon his desk a large jar filled with 我们可以知道 老师走进了教室 38 B 联系空后的 how many beans the jar contained 我们可以知道 教授让学生们猜一下 这个坛子能装多 少豆子 39 D 联系空后的 shouts of wildly wrong guesses 我们知道 学生们喊出了各种错误的推测 教授听了他们 喊出的答案 40 C 联系空前的 announced 和空后的 answer 我们知道 教授向学生们公布了正确答案 41 A 联系空后的 an important lesson about science 我们知道 教授认为他们学到了一堂非常重要的理科课 程 42 B 学生们的推测都是错误的 因此教授说 不要相信你们的意识 43 D 联系下文 But the seventeen year old girl could not accept 我们知道 这个妇女能够推测教授心里是 怎么想的 44 C 前文有提示 The professor 37 marched into the lecture hall 由此我们可以得出答案 45 A 联系空后的 into the unknown world 我们知道 教授的目的是带学生们进行一次激动人心的知识旅行 46 B 联系后文 which can be discovered only through scientific 47 method 我们知道 这个世界是眼睛看不 到的 只有通过科学方法才可以看到 47 D 联系前文的 invisible to the eye 我们知道 这个世界只有通过科学的方法才可以看到 48 A 联系空前的 could not accept 我们知道 她不能接受 甚至听到这个邀请 or 在这里表达前后为顺接 关系 因此其他选项可以排除 49 B 联系前文的 the seventeen year old girl 我们可以推断 这个小女孩年龄很小 只是刚刚开始认识这个 世界 50 A 空后的 her firsthand experience could be the 51 truth 是她的认识 因此我们选 believed 51 D 联系前文我们知道 教授想告诉学生的是第一手经验并不一定是事情的真相 我们要通过科学实验 来验证真相 但是小女孩的想法与之相反 52 C 联系前文我们可以知道 教授认为小女孩认识世界的方式是错误的 53 B 显然空前提到的 her first hand experience 就是她认识世界的工具 54 C 联系下文的 haven t gone near science since 我们知道 她对理科产生了恐惧 55 A 联系空后的 haven t gone near science since 我们知道 那天下午她就放弃了理科 D 有一定干扰性 miss 意思是 错过 因此可以排除 高考英语完型填空高考英语完型填空实战演练二实战演练二 共共 2020 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 51 5 分 满分分 满分 3030 分分 Sometimes people call each other scared cat but have you ever thought about this expression When a cat is frightened its heart starts beating faster its muscles get tense and there 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 9 页 共 27 页 9 are changes in the chemicals in its blood stream Although the cat doesn t 16 this its body is getting ready for action If the danger continues this animal will do one of the two things It will 17 itself or it will run away as fast as it can 18 when people are excited angry scared or aroused by other emotions our bodies also go through many 19 changes Our hearts beat faster and our muscles get tense All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react We too get ready to defend ourselves 20 run Human beings 21 have a problem that animals never face If we give way to our feelings and let them 22 we can get into trouble Have you ever said something in anger or hit somebody and regretted it later Have you ever shouted at a teacher told someone you were lonely or said you were in love and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut It isn t always 24 to express your feelings freely Does this mean that it s smarter always to 25 our feelings No If you 26 feelings of anger sadness and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside your body stays 27 Physical illnesses can develop It can actually be 28 for your health Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside don t just 29 It s like you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard You might not be able to see them but 30 you d smell them And if you opened the cupboard you d 31 little fruit flies hovering 盘旋 all over them They d be rotten You can try to treat emotions 32 they were bananas in the cupboard You can 33 they don t exist but they ll still be 34 And at last you ll have to 35 them Just like those bananas 16 16 A A mindmind B B admitadmit C C realizerealize D D rememberremember 17 17 A A savesave B B helphelp C C defenddefend D D hidehide 18 18 A A TrulyTruly B B FrequentlyFrequently C C SimilarlySimilarly D D DifferentlyDifferently 19 19 A A chemicalchemical B B physicalphysical C C healthhealth D D illill 20 20 A A andand B B oror C C butbut D D yetyet 21 21 A A thereforetherefore B B butbut C C besidesbesides D D howeverhowever 22 22 A A taketake offoff B B taketake onon C C taketake overover D D taketake upup 23 23 A A wishedwished B B hopedhoped C C blamedblamed D D sharedshared 24 24 A A usefuluseful B B rightright C C easyeasy D D wisewise 25 25 A A handlehandle B B hurthurt C C hidehide D D preventprevent 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 10 页 共 27 页 10 26 26 A A keepkeep B B findfind C C controlcontrol D D letlet 27 27 A A relaxedrelaxed B B tensetense C C samesame D D differentdifferent 28 28 A A goodgood B B harmfulharmful C C helpfulhelpful D D usefuluseful 29 29 A A gogo awayaway B B gogo onon C C gogo upup D D gogo outout 30 30 A A longlong beforebefore B B asas usualusual C C beforebefore longlong D D rightright awayaway 31 31 A A meetmeet B B observeobserve C C catchcatch D D seesee 32 32 A A asas ifif B B justjust asas C C justjust afterafter D D eveneven thoughthough 33 33 A A pretendpretend B B expectexpect C C decidedecide D D assumeassume 34 34 A A inin B B aroundaround C C overover D D beyondbeyond 35 35 A A eateat upup B B dealdeal withwith C C throwthrow awayaway D D sendsend outout Sometimes people call each other scared cat but have you ever thought about this expression When a cat is frightened its heart starts beating faster its muscles get tense and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood stream Although the cat doesn t 16 this its body is getting ready for action If the danger continues this animal will do one of the two things It will 17 itself or it will run away as fast as it can 16 16 A A mindmind B B admitadmit C C realizerealize D D rememberremember 解题思路解题思路 题眼法 代入法 捕捉题眼 寻找契机 捕捉题眼 寻找契机 所谓 题眼 就是解题线索 就是那些原句中出现的 对解题起重 要暗示作用的关键词 找准关键词语 有时题干中带有对解题起着关键作用的词语 如果能 迅速找准这些词语 再结合各选项的意义和特点 就能很快选出正确答案 17 17 A A savesave B B helphelp C C defenddefend D D hidehide 解题思路解题思路 没有同义复现或固定搭配 考虑概括的是解 并列结构法并列结构法 根据文章中表示并列关系的连词或副词如 and also or 或逗号 等 它 们的提点是 and 前后的成分结构相似 意义相关 再做出准确判断 18 when people are excited angry scared or aroused by other emotions our bodies also go through many 19 changes Our hearts beat faster and our muscles get tense All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react We too get ready to defend ourselves 20 run 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 11 页 共 27 页 11 18 18 A A TrulyTruly B B FrequentlyFrequently C C SimilarlySimilarly D D DifferentlyDifferently 解题思路 解题思路 前后呼应法 代入法 前后呼应法 前后呼应法 做完形填空要始终抓住文章本身 联系 双语境 判断做题 即大语境 全文中心和基调 小语境 空格前后所构成的语意环境 再根据前有伏笔 后有呼应的思 路做题 句群 段落 篇章等 语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语 这些词语被称为 语篇标志 如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有 firstly secondly thirdly finally 等 表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有 thus therefore so 等 表示改变话题的语篇标志语有 by the way 等 表示递进关系的语篇标志语有 besides what s more further 等 表示时间关系的语篇标志语有 before so far yet meanwhile later 等 19 19 A A chemicalchemical B B physicalphysical C C healthhealth D D illill 解题思路 解题思路 摆脱思维定势 排除 陷阱 chemicalchemical 后提示句 Our hearts beat faster and our muscles get tense 都是 physicalphysical 20 20 A A andand B B oror C C butbut D D yetyet 解题思路 解题思路 与前面句子 It will 17 itself or it will run away as fast as it can 同义复现 同义复现 同义复现 是英语中常见的一种现象 为强调某一意思 但又不想重复使用某个词 文 中前后两处会使用一组同义词或同义词组 由于在完形填空题中 这两个同义词的位置多半 比较靠近 很容易找到 无须过多推理 只须确定相同的是哪个意思 然后找出选项中与之 相符的一项即可 Human beings 21 have a problem that animals never face If we give way to our feelings and let them 22 we can get into trouble Have you ever said something in anger or hit somebody and regretted it later Have you ever shouted at a teacher told someone you were lonely or said you were in love and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut It isn t always 24 to express your feelings freely 21 21 A A thereforetherefore B B butbut C C besidesbesides D D howeverhowever 解题思路 解题思路 转折特点 but 转折法 转折法 文中一出现 but Although though however while 等词 应该马上 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 12 页 共 27 页 12 想到前后语意有转折 只要知道其中一方的语意 就可以反向推出另一方的意思 从而解题 完形填空题中 but 一词后多半会设题 所以 大家在考试时 只要看到 but 就做一个标记 遇到类似 but 这样表转折的词也同样处理 这样便于回到原文去寻找解题的依据 22 22 A A taketake offoff B B taketake onon C C taketake overover D D taketake upup 解题思路 解题思路 and 并列结构法 give way to 的同义词 let take 23 23 A A wishedwished B B hopedhoped C C blamedblamed D D sharedshared 解题思路 解题思路 利用语法分析解题 选项中的动词都是过去式 其后句宾语从句 had kept 是 过去完成时 故判断是虚拟 24 24 A A usefuluseful B B rightright C C easyeasy D D wisewise 解题思路 解题思路 后暗示法 smarter 的近义词是 利用暗示和对应解题 利用暗示和对应解题 虽然重点是对语法 短语和词的辨析 句子结构的考查 但对文 章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点 暗示与上下对应的思维方法 是突破此类完形填 空最关键的思维方式 Does this mean that it s smarter always to 25 our feelings No If you 26 feelings of anger sadness and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside your body stays 27 Physical illnesses can develop It can actually be 28 for your health 25 25 A A handlehandle B B hurthurt C C hidehide D D preventprevent 解题思路 解题思路 同义复现法 26 26 A A keepkeep B B findfind C C controlcontrol D D letlet 解题思路 解题思路 利用语法分析解题 动词 可以带宾补 hidden away or bottled up inside 27 27 A A relaxedrelaxed B B tensetense C C samesame D D differentdifferent 解题思路 解题思路 跨段落篇章复现 tense 查找文章多处反复复现概念的已知词 查找文章多处反复复现概念的已知词 复现可以是相同的词在文章的不同地方重复出现 复现的解题意义在于 如果判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系 只要 从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的就是正确答案 28 28 A A goodgood B B harmfulharmful C C helpfulhelpful D D usefuluseful 解题思路 解题思路 利用关联成分 将 illnesses 设置成已知 另一个是未知的 这样那个已知的 词语便成为破解未知词语的关键线索 illnesses 会对 health Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside don t just 29 It s like you bought some 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 13 页 共 27 页 13 bananas and stuck them in a cupboard You might not be able to see them but 30 you d smell them And if you opened the cupboard you d 31 little fruit flies hovering 盘旋 all over them They d be rotten 29 29 A A gogo awayaway B B gogo onon C C gogo upup D D gogo outout 解题思路 解题思路 看清上下文 找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句 找到对选择有提 示作用的词或句 go 看看文章中动词都与哪些副词或介词搭配成动词短语 It will 17 itself or it will run away as fast as it can No If you 26 feelings of anger sadness and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside your body stays 27 30 30 A A longlong beforebefore B B asas usualusual C C beforebefore longlong D D rightright awayaway 解题思路 解题思路 利用语法分析解题 but 30 you d smell them 句中的 d would 是过去 将来时 in no time by and by in a flash before long soon 是将来时的时间状语 表示 很快 而 right away right now quickly at once immediately 则不受限制 31 31 A A meetmeet B B observeobserve C C catchcatch D D seesee 解题思路 解题思路 利用语法分析解题 you d 31 little fruit flies hovering 盘旋 all over them A meet B observe C catch D see little fruit flies hovering 盘旋 You can try to treat emotions 32 they were bananas in the cupboard You can 33 they don t exist but they ll still be 34 And at last you ll have to 35 them Just like those bananas 32 32 A A asas ifif B B justjust asas C C justjust afterafter D D eveneven thoughthough 解题思路 解题思路 利用语法分析解题 You can try to treat emotions 32 they were bananas in the cupboard 是虚拟句 33 33 A A pretendpretend B B expectexpect C C decidedecide D