英语中介词的用法

介词的用法介词的用法 一 表示时间日期的介词一 表示时间日期的介词 1 at 主要表示方向 场所 时间的某一点 at the corner of the street at dinner at sixty miles an hour be sold at three yuan a dozen c ome at us 固定搭配 at one time at the beginning of at the post office at the airport at the weekend at the age of 25 at the same time at present at any time 表示原因 表示 见 闻 而 at the news at 主要表示时间点 表示特定的时间 at night a m 在九点钟 表示不确定的时间 at night at that time at Christmas 在圣诞期间 当天 on 表示年龄段 at the age of eight 在 8 岁 2 in 表示场所 时间与期限 状况 方向 主要用来表示较长的时间单位 如月份 季 节 年份等 in the 1990s in the late 19th century 形成 in 时段名词 的词组或固定搭配 in those days in the daytime in a short while in no time in time in 主要表示时间段 一般指相对较长的时间段里 in the morning in spring in the past ten years 在 时间之后 用于将来时 He will be back in a month 介词 in 在短语或句型中的省略 1 某些形容词 过去分词后接 v ing 形式时 v ing 形式前的介词 in 可以省略 be busy in doing be engaged in doing 忙于 2 某些动词如 busy 等 常与反身代词连用 其后的 in 也可以省略 busy oneself in doing 3 某些动词如 spend pass waste 等与表示时间的名词连用 后面的介词也可以省略 spend time in doing waste time in doing 4 在 have no difficulty in doing sth have no trouble in doing sth have no business in doing sth 等 句型中介词也可以省略 5 在句型 There is no use in doing sth 中 介词也可省略 固定搭配 in the world in the future in the snow rain storm in ink in short in public in one s opinion in modern times in surprise in a queue in the open air 3 on 主要表示在上面 根据或基础 有关或涉及的方面 表示某天 固定搭配 on doing sth on the afternoon of October on Tuesday evening on foot hit sb on the head on the right left on fire on duty on sale on the radio on show on earth on one s own 注意 一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用 at 如圣诞节 一般的节日名词前用 on on 主要指具体某一天 表示是具体的日期和星期 on Monday on October 1st 1949 on my birthday 某一天特定的上午下午或半夜 on the night of December 31 1999 on a fine day 在第几天 on her first day to school on the tenth day I was in Beijing 4 by 主要表示接近 时限 动作的执行者 方式 固定搭配 by the village by oneself by foot on foot by hand learn by heart 二 表示地点 方位的介词二 表示地点 方位的介词 5 for 主要表示目的 原因 交换值以及时间和距离的长度 固定搭配 make sth for sb thank sb for sth for example for sale for free for 表示 一段时间 表示一件事延续的长短 一般接具体的时间 I have lived in Nanjing for 2 years 6 of 表示部分与全体的关系 所有关系 来源和所用的材料 of 所有格表示的多种关系 1 从属关系 the wheel of the car 2 局部 整体关系 some of the water 3 量化关系 a cup of tea 4 描述关系 a professor of learning 知识丰富的教授 5 同位关系 the city of Beijing 6 动宾关系 the study of the map 研究地图 7 主谓关系 the determination of the workers 工人们的决心 固定搭配 be fond of make fun of be tired of of one s own instead of 7 to 主要表示方向 程度 结果 关系和位置 固定搭配 to one s surprise joy astonishment to the east of key to come up to add up to be open t o the public thanks to stick to refer to 8 during 表示一段时间 在 期间内 强调在此期间内发生了什么事 y I studied in this university for 4 years during that time most of my time was spent in learning Eng lish 可接表示时间延续一段时间的名词 during my visit to China during my holiday 9 from 与 to till 连用 Most people work from nine to five 多数人过着朝九晚五的生活 10 since since 时间点 从那一刻起 与现在完成与过去完成时连用 He has been here since last Sunday 自从上星期天起 她就在这里 四 四 容易错 常考的介词及搭配容易错 常考的介词及搭配 1 be made of be made from be made into be made in 2 call on visit call for go and pick up 3 on business 出差 strike 罢工 duty 值日 holiday fire vacation watch 警戒 sale 出售 leave 请假 guard 警戒 4 have some trouble difficulty in doing sth have a habit idea plan of doing sth 5 A is pleased to B B is pleased with A 对 感到满意 7 with the help of under the leadership of 8 by means of 使用 by way of 经由 by heart 记住 by the way 9 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 毫不可能 10 prevent stop keep sb from doing sth 11 be thankful to sb for sth 12 steal sth from sb rob sb of sth 13 insist on doing sth persist in doing sth stick to go on doing sth 14 set about doing sth set out to do sth 15 look sb in the face hit sb on the face lead the cow by the nose 16 do a favour for sb do sb a favour 五 五 介词的惯用型介词的惯用型 1 above all 首先 after all at all 全然 in all 2 day after day year after year one after one one after another 3 at peace 和平 at war 战争 at times 时常 at dinner 4 by oneself by all means 尽一切办法 务必 by chance by accident by no means 决不 并没有 by means of 用 依靠 by the way 5 in her teens 十几岁 in pain in danger in need 6 to one s joy sorrow surprise 7 with care 仔细地 with joy pleasure 高兴地 with one s help with the best wishes 致以我们良好的祝愿 without difficulty 毫不困难地 without exception 毫不例外 without delay 立即 马上 8 according to 依据 along with 和 一起 as to 至于 because of except for 除 之外 instead of 代替 9 out of order 不正常 out of date out of trouble 脱离困境 out of sight out of debt 还清了债务 out of touch 没有联系 10 at the bottom of at the centre of at the end of at the top of at the cost of 以 为代价 at the sight of at the thought of at a speed of 11 in memory of 纪念 in favour of 同意 in the habit of 有 习惯 in touch with 与 保持联系 on the left of on the eve of 在 前夕 2 from time to time 不时地 from day to day 天天 from hand to hand 一个传一 个 from side to side 左右地 from car to car 一个车厢一个车厢地 from bad to worse 越来越差 from beginning to end 从头到尾 from hand to mouth 仅能糊口 from head to foot from start to finish from one to another 六六 掌握方式 手段 工具的表达方法掌握方式 手段 工具的表达方法 1 in 文字 语言 材料名词 in English ink pencil capital letters write in pen 用钢笔写 speak in a low voice 小声说话 2 with 工具 机器 人体器官 情绪 情感 态度的名词 with a branch with one s nose with pride with satisfaction with the help of with one s permission We can see with our eyes and write with our hands I killed a fly with a fly flap 我用苍蝇拍打死了一只苍蝇 3 by 表示泛指的方式 手段 by bus by land by means of 用 方法 by way of 经由 by doing sth by hand 手 工 by post 由邮局传递 by letter 用写信的方式 by electricity by hard work by the year by the hour by the 单位名词 按 4 其它表示方式 情况 状况 手段 的表示法 through the radio by radio on the radio through by from practice by telephone on the telephone on foot on the train in satisfaction in surprise in silence in a l ow voice in comfort in sorrow in high good poor spirits in anger in safety in debt in good order in good poor health in tears in use in pain 七 七 注意 某些名词和介词的固定搭配注意 某些名词和介词的固定搭配 1 要求 to key answer visit apology introduction 以 to 为中心构成短语的归纳 belong to come to 苏醒 look forward to lead to stick to refer to turn to drink to 为 干杯 object to 反对 reply to the letter help oneself to sing dance to the music 和着 在 声中唱 跳 devote oneself to 2 要求 in interest satisfaction 3 以 for 为中心构成短语的归纳 ask for call for 去接某人 care for 关心 go in for 从事 answer for 对 负责 send for pay for praise sb for 赞扬某人某事 head for 向 方向移动 search for take for 误以为 leave for prepare for 为 准备 thank sb for make a dive for 向 猛冲 make up for 弥补 损失 4 以 on 为中 心构成短语的归纳 come on 来吧 call on 拜访 pass on 传递 carry on 进行下去 live on sth 靠 生活 depend on 依靠 have on 穿着 have pity on 同情 look on as 把 看作 push on 推动 spy on 窥探 switch turn on 旋开 wait on 服侍 walk on 继续走 spend on 在 上花费 时间 金钱 operate on 给 动手术 take on a new look 呈现新面貌 八 八 某些形容词和介词的固定搭配某些形容词和介词的固定搭配 1 be afraid of 担心 be afraid for 替 而担心 2 be angry about at sth 因 而生气 be angry with sb 对 某人发怒 3 be anxious for sth 渴望 be anxious about sth sb 担心 4 be different from 与 不同 be indifferent to 不关心 5 be good at 擅长 be good for 对 有益 be good of sb to do sth 友好 6 be strict with sb 对 严格 be strict in sth 7 be popular with sb 受到 欢迎 be popular in some place 流行在 be popular for 因 而流行 8 be pleased with n 或 what 从句 be pleased at 抽象名词 听 看到而高兴 9 be disappointed at sth be disappointed with sb 对 失望 10 be known to sb be known with n 或从句 be known for 因 而著名 11 be absent from 缺席 12 be devoted to 献身于 13 be open to 对 开放 14 be poor clever expert at 15 be sorry for 替 为 后悔 16 be rich in be interested in 17 be proud of take pride in 18 be satisfied with by be sure of about 19 be fond of be fit for be busy with sth in doing sth 20 be late for be ready for 21 be similar to be wrong with 九 吊尾介词九 吊尾介词 1 某些形容词后接不及物动词或 V 介 型短语动词的不定式形式表 反射 常用吊尾 介词 A fit easy hard good difficult comfortable heavy 等形容后 常用吊尾介词 e g The girl is easy to get along with B be worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy to be done want require need doing 表反射 常用吊尾介词 e g The problem is worth dealing with The book is worthy of being referred to 2 不及物动词的不定式修饰表 涉及对象 场所 工具 手段 方式 材料等 意义的 名词时常带吊尾介词 e g There is nothing for us to worry about a room to live in 3 定语从句中 先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰 则不及物动词后要带介词 先行词被 V 介 组成的短语动词所修饰 介词常在句尾 e g He is the very man I just spoke to This is the life he is used to 4 以 what whose who whatever 等引导的宾语从句 表语从句中常出现 吊尾介词 e g I don t know what you do it for 5 强调句型和特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更 常出现吊尾介词 在上 下文意义清楚时 特殊疑问句常用省简结构 e g It is the poor boy that we gave the books to What for 为什么 Where to 去哪儿 Who with 和谁去 6 被动语态中 V 介 短语常用吊尾介词 e g He was listened to come here He has never been spoken to in this way 十常用介词辨异 1 about on of 关于关于 on 多用于慎重的 正式的语言交际场合 常见于 学术上 的 论文 或 演说 等题目 可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读 有 论及 之意 about 表示的内容多为普遍 不那么正式 有 述及 之意 of 作 关于 讲 表示提及 涉及某人 事 时 只表示事情存在或发生 并不涉及详情 有时与 about 意义相近 但有时意义很不同 常与动词 know hear learn 听说 speak talk think tell 等连用 2 at on in 表时间表时间 at 表示时间的一点 表示时间的一点 in 表示一个时期 表示一个时期 on 表示特殊日子表示特殊日子 A at 后常接几点几分 天明 中午 日出 日落 开始等 如 at five o clock 五点 at down 黎明 at daybreak 天亮 at sunrise 日 出 at noon 中午 at sunset 日落 at midnight 半夜 at the beginning of the month 月初 at that time 那时 at that moment 那会儿 at this time of day 在一天的这个时候 B in 后常接年 月 日期 上午 下午 晚上 白天 季节 世纪等 如 in 2006 2006 年 in May 2004 2004 年五月 in the morning 早晨 上午 in the afternoon 下午 in the evening 晚上 in the night 夜晚 in the daytime 白 天 in the 21st century 21 世纪 in three days weeks month 三天 周 个月 in a week 一周 in spring 春季 C on 后跟某日 星期几 某日的朝夕 节日等 即具体某一天极其早 中 晚 on Sunday 星期日 on a warm morning in April 四月的一个温暖的上午 on a December night 12 月的一个夜晚 on that afternoon 那天下午 on the following night 下一个晚上 on Christmas afternoon 圣诞节下午 on October 1 1949 1949 年 10 月 1 日 on New Year s Day 特别提示 在 last next this that some every 等词之前一律不用介词 at in in 一般表示较大 的地方 at 表示较小的地方 at home at school at the bus stop at the doctor s in a country in a town in the street 3 between among 表位置表位置 在在 之间之间 A between 仅用于二者之间 但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时 也可 用 between 如 I m sitting between Tom and Alice The village lies between three hills B among 用于三者或三者以上之间 如 He is the best among the students 4 except except for except that but besides beside except 除 之外 指不包括 后面常接名词 代词 人称代词常用宾格 还可 接介词短语 副词和动词不定式 此时相当于 but 但不定式常不带 to except for 除了 只有 意思和 except 一样 主要指说明基本情况后 而在细节上加以 修正 后面常接名词性短语 except that 除了 只是 意思和 except except for 一样 但在用法上 主要指其后常接 名词性从句 也可接 when where 等词引导的其它从句 but 所含 除 外 的意思不如 except 明确 but 多用在代词 主要是不定代词 否定代 词和疑问代词 之后 besides 表示 除 外还有 所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内 另外 besides 可用 作副词 相当于 also 有 而且 加之 何况 之意 beside 也是介词 表示 在附近 只不过形似 besides 容易相互混淆 对比 如果在区别前后有同类的词语时 就用 except 否则就用 except for e g This book has no blunder except a few mistakes This book is interesting except for a few mistakes 前面无同类词语 Every one of us except him went to see the exhibition 5 in the tree on the tree in the tree 指动物或人等外来的东西在树上 on the tree 指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西 6 on the way by the way in this way on the way 指在路上 on one s way to by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法 in that way in other way in these ways 7 by bus on the bus by bus 是一般说法 固定搭配 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车 8 across through over 和和 past 通过通过 经过经过 across 从表面经过 如 road bridge river through 从内部空间经过 如 city woods forests window gate past 从旁边经过 through 指 穿过 门洞 人群 树林 across 和 over 可以指 跨越 街道 河流 可互 换 但是表示 翻过 时只能用 over 如 Just then a rat 鼠 ran across the road 就在那时 一只老鼠跑过路面 There is a bridge across over the river 河上有座桥 They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time 他们翻过大山提前到达了 那里 The visitors went through a big gate into another park 参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一 个公园 8 on above over 在在 上上 up A on 指在某物表面上 有接触点 a book on the table B over 指在某物垂直上方 无接触点 也可指覆盖在某物上 与 under 相对 under 表示在 下 方 I put the money under the bed 我把钱放在床底下 a cloth over the table a fan over the table C above 指在某物的上方即可 不一定是垂直上方是斜上方反义词为 below He lives above me 他住我家楼上 不一定就是头上一间 The temperature today is above zero 今天气温零度以上 D up 表示在往上的方向 反义词 down look up to the sky 抬头看天空 about 与 on 的用法区别 都可以表示 有关 但是 about 的意义比较广 而 on 主要表示 有关 专题 课程 如 Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America 汤姆要作一 个美国历史的报告 They are very excited talking about the coming field trip 他们兴致勃勃地 谈论着即将来到的野外旅游 on 表示两事物表面接触 Put away the books on the desk 把桌上 的书收好 over 除了要接触 还有覆盖的含义 over 表示正上方 There is a bridge over the river 河上有一座桥 9 for since A since 仅说明什么时候开始 后常跟一个具体的过去的时间 B for 表示某动作或情况持续多久 后常跟一段时间 He has studied the piano for 5 years They have lived here since 1978 since 与 for 表示时间的用法区别 since 具体时刻 that 从句 表示 自从 起一直 到现在 for 一段时间 表示 总共有 之久 都常用于完成时态 如 Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970 李叔叔自从 1970 年起就在这家工厂工作了 Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years 李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了 30 多年 10 after behind 在在 之后之后 A after 主要用于表示时间 B behind 主要用于表示位置 11 in after 以后以后 A in 段时间 表示将来的一段时间以后 用在将来时态中 常回答 how soon 的提问 B after 段时间 表示过去的一段时间以后 相当于 一段时间 later My mother will come back in three or four days He arrived after five months He arrived five minutes later in after later in 一段时间 常用 一般将来时 after 一段时间 常用一般过去时 after 点时间 用各种时态 一段时间 later 过去时 12 放在地点之前的介词放在地点之前的介词 at in on A at 1 表示在小地方 2 表示 在 附近 旁边 B in 1 表示 在大地方 2 表示 在 范围之内 C on 表示毗邻 接壤 D to 表示在 范围外 不强调是否接壤 after 与 in 表示时间的用法区别 after 具体时刻 从句 表示 在 时刻之后 常用 于一般时态 in 一段时间 表示 在 多久 之后 常用于将来时态 如 He said that he would be here after 6 00 他说他六点钟之后会来这儿 My father is coming back from England in about a month 我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来 13 by with in on 表示方式表示方式 手段手段 工具 工具 A by 以 方法 手段或泛指某种交通工具 或跟 V ing 形式 B with 表示用 工具 C in 表示用 方式 用 语言 语调 颜色 等 D on 表示通过媒介 on the telephone on the radio on TV by in 与 with 表示方式的用法区别 都可以表示 工具 手段 但是 by 主要表示 乘坐 某个交通工具或 以 方式 在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者 in 表示 使用 某种 语言 文字 with 表示 使用 某个具体的工具 手段 如 We see with our eyes and walk with our feet 我们用眼睛看东西 用双脚走路 Please write that article 文章 in English 请你用英语写那篇文章 Let s go to the zoo by taxi 我们打的去动物园吧 It was written by Lao She 那是老舍写的 14 as 与与 like 的区别 的区别 两个词都表示 像 但是 as 译为 作为 表示的是职业 职务 作用等事实 而 like 译为 像 一样 表示外表 不是事实 如 Let me speak to you as a father 我以父亲 的身份和你讲话 说话者是听者的父亲 Let me speak to you like a father 让我像一位父亲 一样和你讲话 说话者不是听者的父亲 15 at the end of by the end of to the end in the end 的用法区别 的用法区别 at the end of 既可以表示时间也可以表示地点 译为 在 末 在 尽头 常与过去时连 用 by the end of 只能表示时间 译为 在 前 到 为止 常用于过去完成时 in the end 与 at last 基本等义 表示 终于 最后 通常用于过去时 to the end 译为 到 的终点为止 前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词 如 By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III 到上学期期末我们已经学习了第三 册 16 个单元 At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows 在路 的尽头你能找到一幢有棕色窗户的白房子 They left for Beijing at the end of last week 上周 末他们动身去了北京 In the end he succeeded in the final exams 他最终在期末考试中考及 格了 We should go on with the work to the end 我们应该把工作干到底 Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office 沿这条路走到底就能看见一家邮电 局 16 for a moment for the moment in a moment at the moment 的区别 的区别 for a moment 一会儿 片刻 for a while 常与持续性动词连用 for the moment 暂时 目前 常用于现在时 in a moment 一会儿 立即 马上 soon in a few minutes 一般 用于将来时 at the moment 此刻 眼下 now 用于现在进行时 如 Please wait for a moment 请稍等 Let s leave things as they are for the moment 暂时就维 持现状吧 I ll come back in a moment 我过会儿回来 I am very busy at the moment 眼 下我很忙 17 but 的问题 的问题 用介词 but 引出另一个动词时 要注意 如果前面有 do 后面就用原形动词 前面没有 do 时 后面的动词要加 to 如 I could do nothing but wait 我什么也做不了只能等 They had no choice 选择 but to fight 他们没有选择只有战斗 18 in front of 与与 in the front of in front of 在 的前面 与 in the front of 在 的前部 如 A car was parking in front of the hall 大厅跟前停着一辆汽车 In the front of the hall stood a big desk 大厅前部立着一个大讲台 12 except 与 besides 的 区别 except 除了 表示排除掉某人物 即不包含 而 besides 除了 则表示包含 即 不仅 又 如 Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom 除了 Tom 大家 都去了故宫博物院 Tom 没有去故宫 Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects 除 了汉语之外 他还学其他许多功课 19 till until to 的用法 的用法 till until 与延续动词连用 用于肯定句 与短暂 动词连用用在否定句 在句首 强调句 不 用 till 一 选择最佳答案 表示时间关系的介词 1 The plane arrived at London airport Wednesday A on B at C in D for 2 What do you usually do Christmas A on B at C in D for 3 Mrs Brown worded in the west of Australia last summer A B on C in D since 4 The first class begins 8 o clock the morning A at on B at in C on in D on on 5 the past two months he has been busy with his school work A For B On C Since D At 6 last Saturday we had had two football matches with Class Two A For B C By D During 7 We will be in Nanjing Tuesday Thursday A on through B on to C from to D on till 8 Mr Black will visit our new school building two days A before B after C at D in 9 the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army the end A At at B By in C In at D At in 10 We will have a football match this Saturday afternoon A on B C in D for 11 He came to see you the evening of May 10th A in B at C on D for 12 I m afraid I gave you a lot of trouble my stay here A in B for C during D on 13 The singing group will have two performances October A after B since C D for 14 The supermarket is open midnight A at B on C till D 15 She didn t go to work that morning She slept noon A till B on till C at at D at 16 He was ill a week and the week he ate almost nothing A for at B for during C during during D for for 17 Days are longer summer than winter A in in B in on C from to D to in 18 Children get presents Christmas and their birthday Granny is coming for lu nch Christmas day A at on on B on on on C at in at D in on in 19 New Year s eve people usually don t go to bed until midnight A At B On C For D In 20 Tom and Paul usually watch TV weekends A at B in C for D 21 Every day the old man takes these children home school A at B to C from D after 22 Could you come to my office the day after tomorrow A B on C in D at 23 We had built three bridges over the river the end of 1994 A at B on C for D by 24 Life will be better the 21st century A at B on C for D in 25 Do you often work late night A at B in C for D during 二 选择最佳答案 表示地点运动方向的介词 1 I had a new card and I didn t write A on it B it C in it D above it 2 There is a bridge the river A under B over C on D next 3 He said that he would meet us the cinema A in B at C on D in 4 There is a book store the street corner A at B in C on D by 5 From the top of the teaching building we saw the lake us A under B over C below D above 4 How much did you pay this book A for B at C on D with 5 Please translate the sentence English A into B to C at D for 6 The price of the computer has been reduced 5 A off B to C by D about 7 Please fill the bottle tea A by B with C for D in 8 The machines cut big pieces of metal small pieces A in B by C to D into 9 Billy works hard at school and his teachers often praise him his hard work A with B at C on D