考博作文+翻译.doc

一、无形社会问题 1、国内无形社会问题Interpret its meaning:Obviously, the meaning conveyed by the picture not only show that , but, what is more important, that this social problem/phenomenon/issue, which the drawing point out, is simply one of various social problem to have become ordinary and already attracted broad attention in China/in the world in recent years. Over the past quarter of a century, China has firmly enforced the policy of reform and opening up to the outside world, which has won rapid economic growth, sustained social progress and continuous improvement of peoples living standard, while China has been confronting a great number of social problems, such as energy crisis, environmental pollution and so forth, and the collapse of the invaluable traditional virtue and culture as well. In a word, there is undoubtedly the reality that Commercialism and westernization erode spiritual values, and degenerate the cultural fabrics of a society.显然，图片所传达的意义不仅表明. .，但是，更重要的是，这一社会问题/现象/问题，而绘图指出，根本问题之一，各种社会已经成为普通及已引起广泛关注近年来在中国/在梦幻的世界。 在过去四分之一世纪里的，中国坚决执行的增长的政策，改革开放，外面的世界，从而赢得了经济快速，持续的社会进步和生活水平的不断改善人民的，而中国一直面临的一个很大的数目良好的社会问题，如能源危机，环境污染等，与传统的崩溃的宝贵美德和文化的。 总之，那里无疑是现实的商业化和西化侵蚀的精神价值，退化了一个社会的文化面料。such as fraud and deceit, the low credit, fraternal scarcity, social indifference, ill manners, ill breeding, official corruption, AIDS, energy crisis, environmental pollution, a widening gap between rich and poor, money talking, the losing of affection, the spiritual void, young suicide, and so forth.（酌情删减）如诈骗，欺骗，低信用，兄弟匮乏，社会冷漠，无礼，虐待滋生，官员腐败，艾滋病，能源危机，环境污染，一，钱扩大富国和穷国之间的差距时，失去了感情的精神空虚，年轻自杀，等等 。（酌情删减）全球化/Internet问题meaning：This is the indication that with the rapid increase of globalization/Internet, our world becomes more and more like a small village, people in global village have much more communication and cooperation by various means than all of the past time and peoples need to understand each other more eagerly than the past.全球化 /互联网 问题 的含义 ： 这是表明与/互联网的迅速增加的全球化，我们的地球村变得越来越像一个小的，村里人在全球有许多不同以往更多的沟通与合作比所有的手段时间和人民需要互相理解比过去更迫切。Possible reason for this phenomenon:The reasons for this problem, if the possible ones are enumerated one after another, may be innumerable. Nevertheless, I contend that the main reasons are due to the social and economic circumstances given. Over the past quarter of a century, 这种现象的可能原因： 这一问题的原因，如果可能的是列举的一个又一个之后，可能是数不胜数。 不过，我认为它的主要原因是由于社会和经济情况考虑。 在过去四分之一个世纪，. .Give your comments:1）中西文明现象或问题：Now with economic globalization, the Western civilization, especially the American culture, holding the strong position, is exerting its impact on every part of the world, including China. what kind of cultural awareness should we have in copying the Western culture? We daringly take in those that should be taken in and decisively discard those that should be discarded, namely we should extract the essence and abandon the dross from the Western culture. What kind of culture awareness should we have in facing our traditional culture? The traditional Chinese culture, namely Confucianism or the mixture of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and other traditional thinking in ancient China, is a gigantic culture system, which has lasted for over two thousand years. So we should inherit and prosper it.（酌情删减）1）中西文明现象或问题： 现在，随着经济全球化，西方文明，尤其是美国文化，控股的强势地位，是中国施加影响到世界的每一个部分，包括。 什么样的文化意识，我们应该在复制西方文化？ 我们大胆地参与这些应采取果断地抛弃那些应该被丢弃，即我们应该提取的精华，摒弃西方文化的糟粕从。 什么样的文化意识，我们应该有面对我们的传统文化？ 中华民族的传统文化，即中国儒教或混合儒，佛，道教和其他古代传统思维，是一个巨大的文化系统，具有多年持续了两千年。 因此，我们应当继承和繁荣它 。（酌情删减）2）其他社会现象（如家庭教育过于严格、大学生在校打工或创业、考研热、出国热等）：The comment to this question, in my opinion, may be not absolute, no right or wrong, and depends on different people. Advantage and disadvantage are two sides of the same coin. we should see one side of the advantage while looking at another side of the disadvantage. On the one hand, the biggest disadvantage/advantage is that Nevertheless, on the other hand, in the long run, the biggest disadvantage/advantage is that So we have to acknowledge that . is half-and-half of the advantage and the disadvantage.2）其他社会现象（如家庭教育过于严格，大学生在校打工或创业，考研热，出国热等）： 问题的评论这一点，在我看来，可能不是绝对的，没有对错，并取决于不同的人。 优势与劣势是两个硬币的两面相同。 我们应该看到一个优点缺点的同时一边在看另一侧。 一方面，最大的不利因素/优点是. .然而，另一方面，从长远来说，最大的缺点/优点是. .因此，我们必须承认，. . . 是半和-不利一半的优势和。3）其他无形社会问题COMMENT同有形社会问题3）其他无形社会问题 述评 同有形社会问题 的建议 。SUGGESTION。二、有形社会问题Interpret its meaning /reason : 同无形社会问题Give your suggestions /solutions : I have some suggestions about this problem. Firstly, China should learn from many developed countries to deal with this social problem, including other social problems moral and non-moral, by means of state legislation, social policy and other relative regulations, especially because China has become a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 and taken place the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 as well as. Secondly, our government should clearly stipulate the responsibilities and obligations of the relative departments for the fulfillment. Thirdly, in the long run, we should set up a special education organization or other non-governmental organizations to promote and strengthen citizens awareness of environmental protection（变量）, and hence improve their values/ideas/notions of consumption and morality（变量）. In addition, I recommend that children should start some education of Chinese traditional virtue as early as possible, such as thrift, honesty, affection, filial piety, courtesy, loyalty, humaneness and so on. 同无形社会问题 给你的建议/解决方案： 我有这个问题的一些对策建议。 首先，中国应借鉴许多发达国家解决这一社会问题，包括其他社会问题的道德和非道德规则，通过这一手段相对国家立法，社会政策和其他，尤其是因为中国已经成为世界贸易成员组织）于2001年（世界贸易组织和2008年发生以及第29届奥运会。 其次，我们的政府应该明确规定的责任和履行义务的部门的相对。 第三，从长远来说，我们应该成立一个专门的教育机构或其他非政府组织为促进和加强公民 ） 环保意识 （变量 ，从而改善他们的价值观/观念和道德/消费观念 （变量）。 此外，我建议孩子应该启动一些传统美德教育中尽早上，诸如节俭，诚实，亲情，孝顺，礼貌，忠诚，仁爱等等。国际社会问题SUGGESTION：Besides, international cooperation in energy field are also another important channels to alleviate this problem. The relevant international communities should increase financial input and information sharing and step up cooperation in research, development and innovation of technology. We also call on other countries to join hands in dealing with climate change（变量） and promoting harmonious, clean and sustainable development in the world.（酌情删减）国际社会问题 的建议 ： 此外，能源领域的国际合作，亦是另一个重要的渠道解决这个问题。 有关国际社会应加大财政投入，加强信息交流和技术合作，研究，开发和创新。 我们也呼吁其他国家加入世界双手在应对气候变化 （变量） 和清洁发展，可持续发展的促进和谐 。（酌情删减）相关关键词：少数民族文化(the ethnic groups、the ethnic culture)、互联网/电脑时代(Internet/Computer Age)、青少年(young teenagers/young adult/young children)、传统美德(traditional virtue)、铺张浪费(extravagance and waste)、勤俭节约(industry and economy)、资源保护(Energy and Resource Saving)、环境保护(environmental protect)、生态失衡(the global ecological imbalance)、非法的毒品交易(the unlawful traffic in drugs)、艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)、家庭问题(The Problem of Domestic or Family Violence)、最低生活保障(the Minimum Living Standard Scheme (MLSS) or dibao)、社会保障基金(social security fund)、假冒伪劣产品问题(counterfeits and unqualified products)、消费者权益保护(the protection of consumers rights and interests)、知识产权保护(intellectual property protection)、垃圾泛滥(more and more rubbish)、继续教育(adult education, further education: The new fashion will be to have several careers or ways of earning money and hence further education will be something that continues throughout life)、青少年犯罪(juvenile delinquency)、留学生 (overseas studensts)、足球世界杯(the football World Cup or other internatioal sporting occasions)。三、学者问题学术抱负： My first introduction is to be a student interested in international affairs, especially the economic growth of nations, poverty reduction, and role of leadership in the economic policy making. My research work is a neither purely economic study nor purely political, which is a political economic approach to analyze the growth history of China and India. My second introduction is that I am a student of foreign language. I started learning in 2000, and since then I am trying to speak and write good mandarin. I believe that in order to understand Chinese politics and economy I had to have master the mandarin spoken by 1.3 billion Chinese and many overseas Chinese in South East Asia and other part of the world.学术抱负： 我第一次是要国际事务中的学生有兴趣，尤其是减少贫困国家的经济增长，经济政策的作用，使领导在。 我的研究工作是一个既不是纯粹的经济研究，也没有纯粹的政治，这是一个政治经济学方法来分析和印度的增长对中国的历史。 我的介绍之二是，我一语的外国学生。 2000年我开始学习，从那时起，我尽量说好普通话，写。 我相信，为了了解中国政治，经济，我必须掌握华语世界上使用的13亿中国和许多海外华人在东南亚及其他部分。 Through my research work I want to establish a fact that the role of leadership, international environment, and political stability are three major prerequisites of economic growth of a nation. My comparative study of growth in India and china will use the macro policy making process, foreign economic policy, and the role of private and state enterprises as framework to establish the above conclusions.I aspire to be part of economic policy making in India that will be possible only when I qualify for civil services exam, or become the member of Indian parliament.通过我的研究工作，我想建立一个事实，即稳定的领导作用，国际环境和政治三个主要的国家经济增长的先决条件。 我和中国的比较研究印度的增长将用宏观政策制定过程中，对外经济政策，框架的作用和国有企业为私人建立了上述结论。 我渴望成为印度议会的一部分在印度进行经济政策将可能只有当我为公务员资格考试服务，或成为会员。学者精神(Scholars ethos, responsibilities and values)：I think that Chinese scholars should possess the following six spirits. Firstly, as Thomas Edison put it, “Genius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.” Secondly, as Si Maqian noted, “an alp is so steep that you will stop your step when you look it and landscape can not go there as well, and although Im not capable of mounting it, I want to climb up it in my heart.” Thirdly, we should be to ordain conscience for Heaven and Earth, to secure life and fortune for the people, to continue lost teachings for past sages and to establish peace for all future generations. Fourthly, it is our maxim that while I have little possession at hand, I care deeply about my people across the land. Having devoured ten thousand books and drawing inspiration from ancient thinkers, I have the whole world in my mind. Fifthly, it is our selfhood forever that neither riches nor honors can corrupt me, neither poverty nor humbleness can make me deviate from my principle, and neither threats nor forces can subdue me. sixthly, as Kant said, “there are two things that fill my mind with ever increasing admiration and awe: the starry sky above me and the moral law within me.”我认为中国的学者应具备以下六种精神：第一，正如爱迪生指出的那样，天才是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水。第二，如太史公司马迁说:“高山仰止,景行行止,虽不能止,然心向往之。” 第三，我们应该做到为天地立心、为生民立命、为往圣继绝学、为万世开太平。第四，我们的格言应当是这样：“身无半亩，心忧天下；读破万卷，神交古人”。第五，“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。”将永远是我们的人格。第六，正如康德所说“有两种东西，我对它们的思考越是深沉和持久，它们在我心灵中唤起的惊奇和敬畏就会日新月异，不断增长，这就是我头上的星空与心中的道德定律。”四、教育问题教育及其教育改革的重要性：It is recognized by everybody that the strength of a country depends upon its education. The higher the education standards, the stronger the country becomes. It should be recognized that our current educational development still cannot fully meet the needs of the social, economic, scientific and technological development. Many Chinese educators, parents and politicians have long been calling for a fundamental reform in the countrys education system in order to adapt effectively to the needs of socialistic market economy, globalization and the 21st century.教育及其教育改革的重要性：这是每个人都认识到，一个国家的力量依靠教育。教育水平越高，国家变得越强。应当承认，我们目前的教育发展还不能完全适应社会，经济，科学和技术发展的需要。许多华人教育工作者，家长和政界人士一直呼吁在该国的教育体制的根本改革，以有效地适应社会主义市场经济，全球化与21世纪的需要。人文性的教育与实用性的教育： Firstly, practical education should be the central project o f the current reform and practice on education. While enjoying a rapidly growing economy for more than 20 years, China has begun to witness an increasing shortage of skilled professionals. To resolve the problem, experts urged more efforts to promote vocational education and shed the outdated practice that only stresses the diploma of higher education. China needs more professionals of certain skill to support its economic growth, and such people can be trained by developing vocational education. Secondly, since the human being came to existence, people began to explore the relationship among the God, nature and human being. Humanism is just the choice from these three. It is also the