人教版新目标英语八年级全册知识要点[3

1 人教版人教版 新目标英语八年级上册知识要点新目标英语八年级上册知识要点 Unit 1 How often do you exercise 重点语法 频率副词 询问别人做某事的频繁程度 提问用 How often 引导特殊疑问句 回答用 always sometimes twice a day 等频率副词 例句 A How often do you watch TV 你多长时间看一次电视 B I watch TV every day 我每天都看电视 A What s your favorite program 你最喜欢的节目是什么 B It s Animal World 是 动物世界 A How often do you watch it 你多长时间看一次这个节目 主要频率副词的等级排序 always 总是 usually 通常 often 经常 sometimes 有时 hardly ever 很少 never 从不 隔一段时间做某事数次用 数词 时间间隔 的结构构成 如 once a week 一周一次 一次 用特殊词 once twice a day 一天两次 两次 用特殊词 twice three times a month 一个月三次 三次或三次以上用 基数词 times 的结构构成 four times a year 一年四次 重点短语 how often 多久一次 as for 至于 关于 how many 多少 针对可数名词 how much 多少 针对不可数名词 of course sure 当然 确信 look after take care of care for 照顾 照看 a lot of lots of plenty of 许多 大量 every day 每一天 every night 每晚 hardly ever 几乎不 be good for 对 有益 be good for one s health 有益健康 try to do sth 尝试做某事 get good grades 取得好成绩 help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 kind of 有点 want sb to do sth 想要 某人 做某事 keep in good health 保持健康 No two men think alike 人心各异 Unit 2 What s the matter 重点语法 询问别人如何感觉 2 了解人体器官和部位的英文名称 了解一些常见病的英文名称 告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做 例句 A What s the matter 怎么了 B I m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服 I have a cold 我感冒了 A When did it start 什么时候开始的 B About two days ago 大约两天前开始的 A Oh that s too bad 哦 这很糟糕 You should lie down and rest 你应该躺下休息 B Yes I think so 是的 我是这么认为的 A I hope you feel better soon 祝你早日康复 重点短语 have a cold 患感冒 shouldn t should not be stressed out 紧张的 有压力的 a few 有些 几个 针对可数名词 a little bit 有些 几个 针对不可数名词 at the moment 此刻 现在 What s the matter What s wrong What s the problem 怎么了 lie down and rest 躺下休息 see a doctor 看病 hope to do sth 希望做某事 listen to 听 for example 举个例子 be good for 对 有益 it s adj for sb to do sth 做某事 对某人来说 加形容词 get tired 感到疲倦 stay healthy 保持健康 give sb sth give sth to sb 把某物给某人 need to do sth 需要做某事 Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation 重点语法 用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态 强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行 例句 A What are you doing for vacation Lin Hui 林辉 放假准备干什么呢 B I m going to Tibet for a week 我要去西藏旅游一周 A That sounds interesting 这听起来很有趣 What are you doing there 你去那里准备 干些什么事 B I m going hiking in the mountains 我准备上山徒步旅行 How about you Tony 你 呢 托尼 What are you doing for vacation 你放假准备干些什么呢 A I m visiting my friend in Hong Kong 我要去拜访我在香港的朋友 B Oh yeah 是吗 How long are you staying 你要去多久啊 A Just for four days 只去四天 I don t like going away for too long 我不想远走太长时 间 B Well have a good time 祝你旅途愉快 Send me a postcard from Hong Kong 记得从 香港寄一张明信片回来 A Sure Show me your photos when we get back to school 当然 当我们再回学校的时 候 再看看你的照片 3 重点短语 how long 多久 get back come back 回来 take a vacation have a vacation 去度假 a lot very much 很 非常 be going to do sth 将要去做某事 sound adj 听起来 加形容词 sound like n 听起来像 加名词 have a good time have fun enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 show sb sth show sth to sb 把某物给某人看 want to do sth would like to do sth 想要做某事 plan to do sth 计划做某事 spend sometime in doing sth 花时间做某事 need to do sth 需要做某事 ask sb about sth 询问某人某方面的事情 go shopping 去购物 leave for 离开去某地 Unit 4 How do you get to school 重点语法 询问别人做某事的方式 用 How 引导特殊疑问句 其回答有多种方式 其中一种结构是 by doing sth 或 by sth 的结构 询问两地的距离用 how far 引导特殊疑问句 回答用 be distance away from 的结构 例句 A How do you get to school 你如何去上学 B I take the subway 我乘地铁去上学 A How far is it from your home to school 从家到学校多远 B It s three miles 有三英里远 A How long does it take you to get from home to school 从家到学校需要花多长时间 B It takes 25 minutes 要花 25 分钟 重点短语 by bus take the bus 乘公共汽车 how far 多远 depend on 依赖于 by boat take the boat 乘船 look at 看 by train take the train 乘火车 by bike ride one s bike 骑车 by subway take the subway 乘地铁 by plane take the plane 乘飞机 on foot 走路 get up 起床 have breakfast 吃早饭 leave for somewhere 离开去某地 take sb to somewhere 带某人去某地 half an hour thirty minutes 半小时 三十分钟 around the world all over the world 全世界 get to school 到学校 4 think of 认为 on weekend 在周末 Unit 5 Can you come to my party 重点语法 询问并请求某人做某事 例句 A Hey Dave 你好 戴夫 Can you go to the movies on Saturday 周六你能去看电影 吗 B I m sorry I can t 对不起 我不能去 I have too much homework this weekend 这个 周末我有太多作业要做 A That s too bad 这太糟了 Maybe another time 只好等下一次了 B Sure Joe 当然 乔 Thanks for asking 谢谢你的邀请 重点短语 the day after tomorrow 后天 the day before yesterday 前天 come over 来访 study for a test 复习迎考 go to the doctor see the doctor 看病 have to 不得不 必须 强调客观上 must 不得不 必须 强调主观上 help sb with sth help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 too much n 太多 针对不可数名词 too many n 太多 针对可数名词 much too adj 太 加形容词 go to the movies 看电影 practice doing sth 练习做某事 thanks for doing sth 为 做 某事而感谢 go to the dentist 看牙医 be going to do sth 将要做某事 该事已计划好 will do sth 将要做某事 该事尚未计划 keep quiet 保持安静 Unit 6 I m more outgoing than my sister 重点语法 在两件或多件事物中进行比较 使用形容词的比较级和最高级 通常形容词的比较级是在形容词后加 er 以 e 结尾的单词直接加 r 闭音节辅音 字母结尾双写辅音字母加 er 的结构构成 最高级是在形容词前加 the 形容词后加 est 以 e 结尾的单词直接加 st 闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加 est 的结构构成 eg big bigger the biggest 形容词 big 的原级 比较级和最高级 small smaller the smallest 形容词 small 的原级 比较级和最高级 当一个单词有3个或以上音节时 其比较级是在形容词前加 more 的结构 其最 高级是在形容词前加 the most 的结构构成 eg expensive more expensive the most expensive 形容词 expensive 的原级 比较级和最高级 outgoing more outgoing the most outgoing 形容词 outgoing 的原级 比较级和最高级 例句 A Lin Ping is my friend Lin Ping 是我的朋友 She s a little more outgoing than me 她 比我性格要活泼开朗一些 B My friend is the same as me 我的朋友跟我一样 We are both quiet 我们都很静 A Do you look the same 你们长相相像吗 5 B No I m a little taller than her 不 我比她高一点 重点短语 more than 超出 in common 共同的 be good at do well in 在某方面做得好 most of 大多数 in some ways 在某些方面 the same as 与 一样 make sb adj 让某人 感觉 加形容词 stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停止当前做的事去做另一件事 begin with 以 开始 each other 互相 enjoy oneself have fun have a good time 玩得高兴 spend sometime in doing sth spend sometime on sth 花时间做某事 plan to do sth 计划做某事 on a farm 在农场 Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake 重点语法 描述一个过程 服从别人的指令 询问做某事的过程用 how 引导特殊疑问句 分步回答用 first 首先 next 接着 then 然后 finally 最后 等时间副词引导从句 例句 A How do you make fruit salad 如何做水果沙拉 B First cut up three bananas three apples and a watermelon 首先切三个香蕉 三个苹果 和一个西瓜 Next put the fruit in a bowl 接下来把水果放到一个碗里 Then put in two teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt 然后放入两勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶 Finally mix it all up 最后将它们放在一起搅拌 重点短语 turn on 打开 电器 闭合开关 turn off 关闭 电器 断开开关 cut up 切碎 mix up 混合 add to 把 加到 上 pour into 把 浇到 里面 put in 把 放到 里面 put on 把 放到 上面 a cup of 一杯 a teaspoon of 一勺 Unit 8 How was your school trip 重点语法 一般过去时态 结构 主语 谓语动词的过去式 宾语 谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态 do does 的一般过去时态形式 did 例句 Last week I visited my aunt s house 上个星期我去我姑姑家玩了 She lives in California 她住在加利福尼亚州 The weather was beautiful 那儿的天气很好 I went 6 swimming 我去游泳了 重点短语 hang out 闲逛 sleep late 睡过头 take photos take pictures 照相 have a great time have fun enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 at the end of 在 的尽头 the class monitor 班长 a day off 一整天 go for a drive 开车兜风 have fun doing sth 做某事很愉快 a bowl of 一碗 help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 一些不规则动词的原形和过去式 hang hung buy bought sleep slept read ri d read red Unit 9 When was he born 重点语法 一般过去时态 谈论著名人物 例句 A How long did Charles Smith hiccup 查理斯 史密斯打嗝了多长时间 B He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months 他打嗝了 69 年零 5 个月 A When did he start hiccupping 他什么时候开始打嗝的 B He started in 1922 他从 1922 年就开始打嗝了 A When did he stop hiccupping 他什么时候停止打嗝的 B He stopped in 1990 他到 1990 年才停止打嗝 重点短语 too to 太 以致不能 take part in join 参加 because of 因为 major in 主修 专研 start doing sth 开始做某事 该事已计划好 start to do sth 开始做某事 该事尚未计划 spend sometime with sb 花时间和某人在一起 spend sometime in doing sth spend sometime on sth 花时间做某事 see sb do sth 看见某人做某事 强调全局 see sb doing sth 看见某人做某事 强调偶然性 Unit 10 I m going to be a basketball player 重点语法 一般将来时态 do does 的两种一般将来时态形式 will do be going to do 两种形式的区别 will do 强调事情尚未计划好而即将做 be going to do 强调事情已计划好并将按照计划来做 本单元重点强调 be going to do 的形式 例句 A What are you going to do next year 明年你准备干些什么 B Well I m going to take guitar lessons 我明年要上吉他音乐课 I really love music 我 很喜欢音乐 7 A Sounds interesting 听起来很有趣 I m going to learn a foreign language 我明年要学 一门外语 重点短语 grow up 成长 长大 at the same time 同时 all over 遍及 all over the world around the world 全世界 be going to do sth 将要做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事 study hard 努力学习 take lessons 上课 sound adj 听起来 加形容词 sound like n 听起来像 加名词 save money 存钱 buy sb sth by sth for sb 给某人买某物 buy sth with the money 用钱买某物 write articles 写文章 learn to do sth 学习做某事 get good grades 取得好成绩 play sports 运动 keep fit 保持健康 write to sb 给某人写信 enjoy doing sth 享受做某事 Unit 11 Could you please clean your room 重点语法 委婉请求别人做某事 引导词用 can shall will 等情态动词的过去时态 例句 A Could I please use your computer 我能用一下你的电脑吗 B Sorry I m going to work on it now 对不起 我正在忙着用电脑 A Well could I watch TV 那么 我能看电视吗 B Yes you can 是 你可以看电视 But you have to clean your room 但是是在你打扫 完房间之后 重点短语 do the dishes wash the dishes 洗碗 take out 取出 make one s bed 整理床铺 work on 从事 忙于 do chores do housework 干家务 do the laundry wash the clothes 洗衣服 take care of care for look after 照看 照顾 sweep the floor 扫地 fold one s clothes 叠衣服 go to the movies 看电影 get a ride 骑车 go to a meeting 开会 hate to do doing sth 讨厌做某事 like to do doing sth 喜欢做某事 invite sb to somewhere 邀请某人去某地 8 go to the store go shopping 购物 forget to do sth 忘记做某事 该事尚未做 forget doing sth 忘记做某事 该事已做过 give sb sth give sth to sb 把某物给某人 buy sb sth buy sth for sb 买某物给某人 on vacation 度假 Unit 12 What s the best radio station 重点语法 在各事物间进行比较 用形容词的原形 比较级和最高级 例句 A Hello I m a reporter 你好 我是记者 Can I ask you some questions 我能问你一些 问题吗 B Sure 当然可以 A What s the best clothing store in town 城里最好的服装店是哪一家 B I think Jason s is the best 我认为杰森服装店是最好的 A Why do you think so 为什么这样认为呢 B Jason s has the best quality clothes 杰森服装店有质量最好的服装 重点短语 close to near 靠近 接近 inexpensive cheap 便宜的 clothing store 服装店 radio station 广播站 talent show 业余歌手演唱会 it is adj for sb to do sth 做某事 对某人来说 感觉 加形容词 cut the price 打折 not at all not in the slightest 一点也不 in fact 实际上 pay for 为 而付款 sth cost sb money 某人花钱买了某物 good well better the best 形容词 good 副词 well 的原级 比较级和最高级 bad badly worse the worst 形容词 bad 副词 badly 的原级 比较级和最高 级 9 八年八年级级下册重点下册重点语语法和短法和短语语 Unit 1 Will people have robots 重点语法 一般将来时态的应用 do does 的一般将来时态形式 shall will do do does 的一般将来时态的被动语态 shall will be done 一般将来时态的肯定句 否定句 疑问句形式 肯定句例句 People will have robots in a few years 否定句例句 People will not won t have robots in a few years 一般疑问句例句 Will people have robots in a few years 特殊疑问句例句 What will people have in a few years 重点短语 won t will not they ll they will she ll she will he ll he will I ll I will fall in love with sb sth 爱上 某人 某物 be able to do sth 能够做某事 come true 实现 in the future 未来 hundreds of 数以百计的 thousands of 数以千计的 look for sb sth 寻找 某人 某物 will would 情态动词 will 的原形和过去式 may might 情态动词 may 的原形和过去式 Reading Strategy 阅读方法 Look at the title and picture and predict what you will read about 看着标题和图片 预知你要阅读那些方面 的内容 This helps you get ready to acquire new information 这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息 Unit 2 What should I do 重点语法 过去将来时态 将来时态的委婉说法 do does 的过去将来时态形式 should would do do does 的过去将来时态的被动语态 should would be done 过去将来时态的肯定句 否定句 疑问句形式 肯定句例句 You should write a letter to him 否定句例句 You shouldn t write a letter to him 一般疑问句例句 Should I write a letter to him 特殊疑问句例句 What should I do 重点短语 keep sb out 不让某人进入 What s wrong What s the matter What s the problem 怎么了 10 out of style 不时髦的 过时的 call sb up 给某人打电话 pay for sth 为某事付款 part time job 兼职工作 the same as be same to with 与 同样 in style 时髦的 流行的 get on well with sb get along well with sb 与某人相处 好 didn t did not couldn t could not as as possible 尽可能 eg as soon as possible 尽快 all kinds of 各种 许多 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 ask sb for sth ask sb to do sth 请求某人做某事 ask sb not to do sth 请求某人不要做某事 spend money on sth spend money in doing sth 花钱做某事 sth cost sb money 某人花钱为了某事 take sb sometime to do sth 花某人时间做某事 find out 查明 find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事 be angry with sb 生某人的气 be angry at sth 生某事的气 the same age as as old as 与某人年龄一样 have fight with sb 与某人打架 learn to do sth 学会做某事 not until 直到 才 compare sth A with sth B 把某事 A 与某事 B 作比较 it s time for sth it s time to do sth 到该做某事的时间了 maybe adv 或许 may be 情态动词 动词原形 可能是 shall should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式 pay paid paid 动词 pay 的原形 过去式和过去分词 Reading Strategy 阅读方法 You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner s dictionary 时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使 用字典这种途径方法更好 A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want 在某些你需要的场合下 一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释 Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived 重点语法 过去进行时态 do does 的过去进行时态形式 was were doing do does 的过去进行时态的被动语态 was were being done 过去将来时态的肯定句 否定句和疑问句形式 肯定句例句 I was walking down the street when a UFO landed 否定句例句 I wasn t walking down the street when a UFO landed 11 一般疑问句例句 Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed 特殊疑问句例句 What were you doing when a UFO landed 动词 when 和 while 的选择 when 后加瞬间动词 while 后加延续性动词 例句 The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed While the boy was walking down the street the UFO landed 感叹句 结构 1 How adj the 主语 谓语动词 2 What a an adj n 主语 谓语动词 例句 What a beautiful flower it is How beautiful the flower is What beautiful flowers they are How beautiful the flowers are 重点短语 get out 出去 离开 take off 起飞 run away 逃跑 跑掉 come in 进来 hear about hear of 听说 take place 发生 as as 像 一样 eg as old as him 像他一样老 anywhere everywhere here and there 任何地方 think about 考虑 think of 认为 get up get out of the bed 起床 at the doctor s 在诊所 every day 每一天 everyday adj 日常的 most adj 大部分 the most 最多的 in space 在太空中 national hero 民族英雄 all over the world in the world 全世界 Reading Strategy 阅读方法 The title can be helpful for you to understand a text 一篇文章的标题可以帮助你理解整篇文章 It s also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read 在阅读整篇文章之前 阅读每段的第一 句话也是一个很有效的方法 Unit 4 He said I was hard working 重点语法 宾语从句 结构 主语 谓语动词 宾语从句 主语 谓语动词 宾语 表语 例句 I m good at English He says 改为加宾语从句的复合句 He says I m good at English 12 注意 主句是一般现在时态 宾语从句的时态不受其影响 例句 He says I m good at English now He says I was good at mathematics when I was young 主句是过去时态 宾语从句也要用过去时态 例句 He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday He said I was good at English now yesterday 宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态 例句 Our teacher says 24 hours make a day Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday 动词原形不能作主语 必须用其 ing 形式 例句 She said helping others changed her life 重点短语 direct speech 直接引语 reported speech indirect speech 间接引语 first of all at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth 应该做某事 be good at do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for take care of look after 照料 照顾 not any more not any longer no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end of year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth 忘记做某事 该事未做 forget doing sth 忘记做某事 该事已做 it s adj for sb to do sth 做某事 对某人来说 加形容词 context 上下文 Reading Strategy 阅读方法 First read for meaning not for detail 首先理解文段的大致意思 不在于文段的细节部分 You can understand the meaning of a word you don t know from the context 至于不懂的单词 你可以通过上下文来寻 找它的正确释义 Unit 5 If you go to the party you ll have a great time 重点语法 if 引导的条件状语从句 结构 主句 if 条件状语从句 if 条件状语从句 comma 主句 注意 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中 主句应用将来时态 状语从句用一般现在时态 例句 You ll have a great time if you go to the party If you go to the party you ll have a great time 重点短语 take away 拿走 around the world all over the world 在世界各地 make a living 谋生 13 all the time always 一直 What s the problem What s the matter What s wrong 怎么了 in order to do sth 为了做某事 make sb do sth 使得某人做某事 to 省略 该结构是一个不带 to 的不定式 make sb adj 使得某人 加形容词 make sb done 使得某人被做 be famous for 为 而出名 be famous as 作为 而出名 in class 在课堂上 spend time money on sth spend time money in doing sth 花 时间 钱 用于做某事 see sb do sth 看见某人做某事 强调整个过程 see sb doing sth 看见某人做某事 强调偶然性 say said said 动词 say 的原形 过去式和过去分词 tell told told 动词 tell 的原形 过去式和过去分词 eat ate eaten 动词 eat 的原形 过去式和过去分词 speak spoke spoken 动词 speak 的原形 过去式和过去分词 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells 重点语法 现在完成进行时态 do does 的现在完成进行时态形式 have has been doing do does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态 have has been being done 现在完成进行时态所应用的场合 某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做 过去发生的动作对现在造成影响 例 我已上了三年初中 I have been in Junior School for 3 years 自从那次他与我谈过心后 我天天都在进步 I have been making progress since he talked with me that time 现在完成进行时态的肯定句 否定句和疑问句形式 肯定句例句 I have been skating for five hours 否定句例句 I haven t been skating for five hours 一般疑问句例句 Have you been skating for five hours 特殊疑问句例句 How long have you been skating 注意 瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用 例句 你借这本书已经多长时间了 How long have you been keeping this book 重点短语 run out of 用完 用尽 by the way 顺便说说 be interested in doing sth 对某事感兴趣 more than 比 多 far away 在远处 would like to do sth want to do sth feel like doing sth 想要做某事 send sb sth send sth to sb 把某物赠送给某人 in fact 实际上 room 房间 用于可数名词 空间 用于不可数名词 14 common more common the most common 形容词 common 的原级 比较级和最高级 Reading Strategy 阅读方法 Let your eyes scan the text quickly to find details that you re looking for 在阅读文章之前 用眼睛 横扫 整 篇文章 快速寻找你需要的文章要点 You can find information quickly without reading the whole text 这 样你就不用细读整篇文章 就能寻找到你需要的一些信息 Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music 重点语法 mind one s doing sth 介意 某人 做某事 重点短语 not at all 一点也不 turn down 调节使音量变小 right away in a minute at once 立刻 马上 wait in line 排队等候 cut in line 插队等候 hasn t has not keep down 压低声音 使缓和 at first first of all 首先 take care 当心 小心 take care of care about look after 关心 照顾 break the rule 违规 obey the rule 遵守规定 put out 熄灭 pick sth up 捡起某物 wait for sb 等候某人 depend on 依赖 依靠 get back return 要回 mean meant meant 动词 mean 的原形 过去式和过去分词 Reading Strategy 阅读方法 As we read we need to find topic sentences 在我们阅读的时候 我们需要寻找 主题语句 也就是和文章 中心最相关的语句 These sentences usually gives us a summary or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about 这些语句通常会给我们一些文章的 概要 或者每个文段的 全部意思 来帮助我们理解段落大意 After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation 当 主题 语句