2010高考英语 第三章 阅读理解 第三节 人物传记类知识精讲 北师大版

用心 爱心 专心1 第三节第三节 人物传记类人物传记类 第一部分第一部分 五年高考题荟萃五年高考题荟萃 20102010 年高考题年高考题 PassagePassage 1 1 10 安徽安徽 A 篇篇 The engineer Camilla Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908 At his factory in Ivrea he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter Today the company s head office is still in Ivrea near Turin but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13 000 machines a year Some went to customers in Italy but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries Camillo s son Adriano started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialist The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators 计算器 In 1959 it produced the ELEA computer system This was the first mainframe 主机 computer designed and made in Italy After Adriano died in 1960 the company had a period of financial problem Other companies especially the Japanese made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company In 1978 Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss Olivetti increased its marketing and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment Soon it became one of the world s lesding companies in information technology and commucations There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group one for personal computers one for other office equipment one for systems and service and two for telecommunications 56 From the text we learn that A by 1930 Olivetti produced 13 000 typewriters a year B Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s C some of Olivetti s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy D Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning 57 What was probably the direct result of Olivetti s falling behind in electronic technology A Adriano s death B A period of financial problems C Its faster progress D Its agreements with other companies 58 What do we know about Olivetti A It produced the best typewriter in the world B It designed the world s first mainframe computer C It exported more typewriters than other companies D It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea 59 The best title for the text would be A The Origin of Olivetti B The Success of Olivetti C The History of Olivetti D The Production of Olivetti 答案 答案 56 59 ABDC Passage 2 10 福建福建 A 篇篇 用心 爱心 专心2 F Scott Fitzgerald born on September 24 1896 an American novelist was once a student of St Paul Academy the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre Then he had to make some money to impress her His life with her was full of great happiness as he wrote in his diary My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary This side of paradise his first novel was published in 1920 Encouraged by its success Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing Then he continued with the novel the Beautiful and Damned 1922 a collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age 1922 and a play The Vegetable 1923 But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby published in 1925 which quick brought him praise from the literary world Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security Then in 1926 he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men However Fitzgerald s problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life but failed By 1930 his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940 while his wife was in hospital in the United States he got totally addicted to alcohol Sheila Graham his dear friend helped him fight his alcoholism 56 How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage A 5 B 6 C 7 D 8 57 Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald s life according to the pas sage a He became addicted to drinking b He studied at St Paul Academy c He published his first novel This Side of Paradise d The Great Gatsby won high praise 用心 爱心 专心3 e He failed to reorder his life f He joined the army and met Zelda A f c e a b d B b e a f c d C f d e c b a D b f c d e a 58 We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald A had made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama B was well educated and well off before he served in the army C would have completed more works if his wife hadn t broken down D helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital 59 The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about A Zelda s personal life B Zelda s illness and treatment C Fitzgerald s friendship with Graham D Fitzgerald s contributions to the literary world 答案 答案 56 59 ADCD Passage 3 10 湖南湖南 B 篇篇 When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951 her mother told her Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn t work out you ll have something to rely on Mary responded in typical teenage fashion From that moment on the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course she recalls The show business thing worked out of course In her career Mary won many awards Only recently when she began to write Growing Up Again did she regret ignoring her morn I don t know how to use a computer she admits Unlike her 1995 autobiography After All her second book is less about life as an award winning actress and more about living with diabetes 糖尿病 All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation JDRF an organization she serves as international chairman I felt there was a need for a book like this she says I didn t want to lecture but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we re self controlled and do our part in managing the disease But she hasn t always practiced what she teaches In her book she describes that awful day almost 40 years ago when she received two pieces of life changing news First she had lost the baby she was carrying and second tests showed that she had diabetes In a childlike act she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts 甜甜圈 Years would pass before she realized she had to grow u p again and take control of her diabetes not let it control her Only then did she kick her three pack a day cigarette habit overcome her addiction to alcohol and begin to follow a balanced diet Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance 用心 爱心 专心4 floor she refuses to fall into self pity Everybody on earth can ask why me about something or other she insists It doesn t do any good No one is immune 免疫的 to heartache pain and disappointments Sometimes we can make things better by helping others I ve come to realize the importance of that as I ve grown up this second time I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be 61 Why did Mary feel regretful A She didn t achieve her ambition B She didn t take care of her mother C She didn t complete her high school D She didn t follow her mother s advice 62 We can know that before 1995 Mary A had two books published B received many career awards C knew how to use a computer D supported the JDRF by writing 63 Mary s second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her A living with diabetes B successful show business C service for an organization D remembrance of her mother 64 When Mary received the life changing news she A lost control of herself B began a balanced diet C Med to get a treatment D behaved in an adult way 65 What can we know from the last paragraph A Mary feels pity for herself B Mary has recovered from her disease C Mary wants to help others as much as possible D Mary determines to go back to the dance floor 语篇解读 本文为人物介绍说明文 主要介绍了玛丽 摩尔的职业生涯及抗病之争 61 答案 D 考点 细节理解题 解析 根据第二段 Only recently when she began to write Growing Up Again did she regret ignoring her mom I don t know how to use a computer she admits 可判断选 D 项 62 答案 B 考点 细节理解题 解析 根据第二段 The show business thing worked out of course In her career Mary won many awards 可判断选 B 项 用心 爱心 专心5 63 答案 A 考点 细节理解题 解析 根据第三段 her second book is less about life as an award winning actress and more about living with diabetes 糖尿病 可判断选 A 项 64 答案 A 考点 细节理解题 解析 根据第四段 In a childlike act she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts 甜甜圈 Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up again and take control of her diabetes not let it control her 可判断选 A 项 65 答案 C 考点 推理判断题 解析 根据最后一段中的 Mary Moore 所说的话 I ve come to realize the importance of that as I ve grown up this second time I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be 可推断她 想尽可能地去帮助他人 故选 C 项 Passage 4 10 全国全国 B 篇篇 When you re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera the stresses 压力 of the world seem a million miles away Hey stop This is no vacation you have to finish something Here lies the problem for travel writer and tood critic 评论家 Edie Jarolim I always loved traveling and always liked to eat but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things Jarolim said Now you can read her travel advice everywhere in Arts and Antiques in Brides or in one of her there books The Complate Idiot s Travel Guide to Mexican Beach Resarts writing began some eight years ago After getting a PhD in English in Canada she took a Test Frommer s travel guides passed it and got the job After working at Frommer s Jarolim workedfor a while at Rough Guides in London then Fodor s where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U S that she moved there Now as a travel writer she spends one third of her year on the road The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson Arigona As adventurous as the job sounds the hard part is fact checking all the information Sure it s great to write about a tourist attraction but you d better get the local 当地的 museum hours correct or you could really ruin someone s vacation 46 Which country does Jarolim live in now A Mexico B The U S C The U K D Canada 用心 爱心 专心6 47 What is most difficrlt for Jarolim A Working in different places to collect information B Checking all the facts to be written in the guides C Finishing her work as soon as possible D Passing a test to write travel guides 48 What do we know about Jarllim from the text A She is successful in her job B She finds her life full of stresses C She spends half of her time traveling D She is especially interested in museums 49 What would be the best title for the text A Adventures in Travel Writing B Working as a Food Critic C Travel Guides on the Market D Vacationing for a Living B 篇阅读理解的文字风格略显诙谐 Hi stop 但有实际的描述了一个很普遍的谋生问 题 谋生在 Jarolim 身上既是度假休闲 又是写作和评论的源泉 这是一篇展示生活的文章 从文字设计上看 影响考生理解完整意思的因素可能是专有名词和对话的插入 但是 如果避开障碍 处理好这些内容 整篇文章文字比较通顺流畅 难度并不大 但是在 47 48 题的理解上 部分考生会出现问题 46 答案 B 考点 考查细节 解析 文章第三段提示 then Fodor s where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U S that she moved there 47 答案 B 用心 爱心 专心7 考点 理解文中具体信息 解析 文章最后一段第一句 As adventurous as the job sounds the hard part is fact checking all the information 提示 48 答案 A 考点 作出简单判断和推理 解析 根据全文的介绍 说明这是一种成功的生活方式 49 答案 D 考点 考主旨大意 解析 提示在文章第一段结尾句 Hey stop This is no vacation you have to finish something 和第二段第二句 but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things 说明了没有想到 度假也可以谋生 的欣喜之情 Passage 5 10 山东山东 A 篇篇 Christopher Thomas 27 was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast Diagnosed with diabetes 糖尿 病 Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin 胰岛素 three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage blindness and even death And if that weren t bad enough he had no health insurance After a month of feeling upset Thomas decided he d better find a way to fight back He left Canton Michigan for New York got a job waiting tables nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar and created a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones a place where over 1 100 people share personal stories information and resources Jason Swencki s son Kody was diagnosed with type diabetes at six Father and son visit the online children s forums 论坛 together most evenings Kody gets so excited writing to kids from all over says Swencki one of the site s volunteers They know what he s going through so he doesn t feel alone Kody is anything but alone Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States with 24 million diagnosed cases And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages These days Thomas s main focus is his charity 慈善机构 Fight It which provides medicines and supplies to people 225 to date who can t afford a diabetic s huge expenses Fight it org has raised about 23 000 in products and in cash In May Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean Even with a staff of 22 volunteers Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause while still doing his full time job waiting tables Of the diabetes charities out there most are putting money into finding a cure says Bentley Gubar one of Rockstar s original members But Christopher is the only person I know 用心 爱心 专心8 saying people need help now 56 Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas A He needs to go to the doctor every day B He studies the leading cause of diabetes C He has a positive attitude to this disease D He encourages diabetics by writing articles 解析 细节理解题 通读全文可知 Christopher Thomas 对于自己的疾病采取了 积极的态度 所以 C 项正确 A 项与 Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin 胰岛素 three times a day for the rest of his life 不符 B 项与文中的 Thomas 开办网站 与病人及其家属分享有关的信息和资源不符 D 项提到的写 作是 Thomas 的专职工作 而他的志愿工作才是运作 Fight It 这个慈善机构 答案 C 57 D was created for A diabetics to communicate B volunteers to find jobs C children to amuse themselves D rock stars to share resources 解析 细节理解题 根据 a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones a place where over 1 100 people share personal stories information and resources 可知 A 项正确 答案 A 58 According to the text Kody A feel lonely because of his illness B benefits from C helps create the online kid s forums D writes children s stories online 解析 细节理解题 根据 Father and son visit the online children s forums 论坛 together most evenings Kody gets so excited writing to kids from all over says Swencki one of the site s volunteers They know what he s going through so he doesn t feel alone 可知 B 项正确 答案 B 59 What can we learn about Fight It A It helps the diabetics in financial difficulties B It organizes parties for volunteer once a year C It offers less expensive medicine to diabetics D It owns a well known medical website 解析 细节理解题 根据 Fight It which provides medicines and supplies to people 225 to date who can t afford a diabetic s huge expenses Fight it org has raised about 23 000 in products and in cash 可知 A 项正确 答案 A 60 The last paragraph suggests that Thomas A works full time in a diabetes charity B employs 22 people for his website C helps diabetics in his own way D ties to find a cure for diabetes 解析 推理判断题 根据 But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now 可知 Thomas 在用自己的方式帮助糖尿病人 所以 C 项正确 A 项与 Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause while still doing his 用心 爱心 专心9 full time job waiting tables 不符 B 项与 Even with a staff of 22 volunteers D 项 与 Of the diabetes charities out there most are putting money into finding a cure says Bentley Gubar one of Rockstar s original members But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now 不符 答案 C Passage 6 10 山东山东 C 篇篇 Rae Armantrout who has been a poetry professor at the University of California San Diego UCSD for two decades has won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in the poetry category for her most recent book Versed I m delighted and amazed at how much media recognition that the Pulitzer brings as compared to even the National Book Critics Award which I was also surprised and delighted to win said Armantrout For a long time my writing has been just below the media radar and to have this kind of attention suddenly with my 10th book is really surprising Armantrout a native Californian received her bachelor s degree at UC Berkeley where she studied with noted poet Denise Levertov and her master s in creative writing from San Francisco State University She is a founding member of Language Poets a group in American poetry that analyzes the way language is used and raises questions to make the reader think In March she won the National Book Critics Circle Award for Versed This book has gotten more attention Armantrout said but I don t feel as if it s better The first half of Versed focuses on the dark forces taking hold of the United States as it fought the war against Iraq The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life after Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006 Armantrout was shocked to learn she had won the Pulitzer but many of her colleagues were not Rae Armantrout is a unique voice in American poetry said Seth Lerer head of Arts and Humanities at UCSD Versed published by the Wesleyan University Press did appear in a larger printing than her earlier works which is about 2 700 copies The new edition is scheduled to appear in May 66 According to Rae Armantrout A her 10th book is much better B her winning the Pulitzer is unexpected C the media is surprised at her works D she likes being recognized by her readers 解析 细节理解题 根据文章第二段的叙述可知 Armantrout 对于自己获得普 利策奖是很惊讶的 所以 B 项正确 答案 B 67 Which of the following is true of Rae Armantrout A She published a poetry textbook 用心 爱心 专心10 B She used to teach Denise Levertov C She started a poets group with oth