英美文学课件：英国浪漫主义时期

Chapter 3 The Romantic Period 考核要求考核要求 1 1 识记 浪漫主义时期的界定和历史文化背景识记 浪漫主义时期的界定和历史文化背景 2 2 领会 浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响以及浪漫主义文学创作的领会 浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响以及浪漫主义文学创作的 基本主张及对后世文学的影响 基本主张及对后世文学的影响 3 3 应用 名词解释浪漫主义以及浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析应用 名词解释浪漫主义以及浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析 1 Historical background Internationally The French Revolutions the great event arouse great sympathy and enthusiasm in the English liberals and Conservatives they all declared Liberty Equality and Fraternity Rousseau the great French Philosopher Influence by Rousseau the writers began to explore the new ideas about Nature Society and Education These paved the way for the development of Romanticism in the literature internationally Nationally Industrial revolution Industrialization Further capitalization and Urbanization The survival of fittest the sharper contradiction between capitalists and the labors These are the national basis of the production of Romanticism 2 Literature background The early works with Romantic tendency are following Thomas Paine s The Declaration of Rights of Man claiming Liberty Equality and Fraternity Edmund Burke published his Reflections on the Revolution in France William Godwin s Inquiry Concerning Political Justice Against the injustice economic system and the oppression of the poor Mary Wollstonecraft urged the equal rights for women in her A Vindication 辩护辩护 of the Right of Woman 3 The definition duration and characteristics of the Romanticism The definition The Romantic Movement which associated with vitality powerful emotion and dreamlike ideas is simply the expression of life as seen by the imagination rather than by prosaic common sense The contrast between Romanticism and Neoclassicism Romanticism associated with vitality powerful emotion and dreamlike ideas Neoclassicism associated with order common sense and controlled reason Duration Beginning time 1798 marked by the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge Ending time 1832 marked by the death of Scott and the passage of the first Reform Bill 例题例题 Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry 0704 A Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge B I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by William Wordsworth C Remorse by Samuel Taylor Coleridge D Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman 答案答案 A 解析解析 P157 para 1 所谓所谓 landmark 是指在英国文学史上具有划时代意义的作 是指在英国文学史上具有划时代意义的作 品 品 Lyrical Ballads 的出版标志着英国文学的浪漫主义时期的的出版标志着英国文学的浪漫主义时期的 开始 所以答案是开始 所以答案是 A Characteristics The spontaneous overflow 自然流露的自然流露的 of powerful feeling The creation of a world of imagination The return to nature for materials Sympathy with the humble and glorification of the common place Emphasis upon the expression of individual genius A sense of melancholy and loneliness of the character The rebellious spirits of the author The major achievements are poetry 4 The viewpoints of Romanticists on society and literature Socially Romanticist saw man essentially as an individual in the solitary state The Romanticist emphasized the special qualities of each individual s mind The Romanticists changed the direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirits On Literature In essence it designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience It also place individual at the center of the art Make the literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feeling and particular attitudes Value its accuracy in portraying the individual s experiences 5 The development of Romanticism and its principles The development In this period we note a new interest in literatures and legends other than those of Greece and Rome It was in effect a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature which was later regarded as the poetic revolution Major Representatives of this movement Wordsworth and Coleridge The principles General principles They saw poetry as a healing energy They believe that poetry could purify both individual soul and society They explored the new theories and innovated new techniques in poetry a Poetry should be free from all rules in forms b Humble people and the common everyday life should be describe in subject c Employ the commonplace the natural and the simple as the poetic materials d Seek for the Absolute e Bold experiments in poetic language versification and design Wordsworth Call for simple themes drawn from humble life The poet as a man speaking to men Poetry as the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings Coleridge Imagination is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements Regard the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration as something crucial for true poetry Nature is the major source of poetic imagery and nature is a dominant subject 6 Main representatives Main representatives poets Pre Romanticism Blake and Burns The first generation Wordsworth Coleridge and Southey The younger generation Byron Shelley and Keats Main representatives novelists Jane Austen love and marriage Walter Scott main works book human nature Gothic novelists Ann Radcliffe and Mary Shelley Gothic novel It is a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century he was a rebel innocently the valley of the Wye itself the quiet center of the returning wanderer s thoughts is described with a detail that conveys a sense of natural order at once vivid Asia his bride Prometheus is unbound The play is an exultant work in praise of humankind s potential in her depiction of human nature instead of being fascinated by great waves of elevated emotion by passion or heroic experience she focused on the trivial petty details of everyday living which became very interesting through her truthful lively description Austen s novels are brightened by their witty conversation omnipresent humor Her language shines with an exquisite touch of lively gracefulness elegant refined but never showy 5 Selected reading Pride Prejudice originally drafted as First Impressions in 1796 is the most delightful of Jane Austen s works The title tells of a major concern of the novel pride prejudice If to form good relationships is our main task in life we must first have good judgment Our first impressions according to Jane Austen are usually wrong as is shown here by those of Elizabeth In the process of judging others Elizabeth finds out something about herself her blindness partiality prejudice absurdity In time s