Unit 5 First aid

1 Unit 5 First Aid 课标导航 课文导读课文导读 Common injuriesAdvice Animal bitesWash the wound under cold water See a doctor as soon as possible Bleeding Put a bandage on the wound and apply pressure to reduce the bleeding Nose bleedingGet the person to sit down tilt his her head forward slightly and gently pinch the soft part of the nose below the bridge Sprained ankleHave the victim sit down and elevate the foot Put an ice pack on the ankle to reduce the swelling Put a firm bandage around the foot and ankle Broken armDo not move the broken bone if possible Do not move the victim Get medical help immediately choking If the person can cough speak breathe don t do anything If not you can slap her on her back to unblock the airway Cuts Wash the area of cut dry it and cover it with dry clean cloth Burns Cool the area of skin at once Put dry clean cloth over the area of the burn 课标要求 知识与技能知识与技能 能听懂关于某个话题的对话 针对急救说出一些有效措施 能在阅读过程中通过关键词 抓住文章的写作顺序 掌握大意 并用简练而准确的词汇写出简单的急救措施 学会正确 使用省略句 学习策略学习策略 充分利用网络自由 更好的掌握有关急救的知识 加强口语锻炼 将本单元所讨论的话 题加以综合并和日常生活结合 以提高自己的英语表达能力 将本单元所讨论的话题加以综合并和日常生活结合 以提高自己的英语表达能力 情感态度与价值观情感态度与价值观 学习烫伤和急救知识 在紧急事件中要果断的采取急救措施 拯救自己或他人 知识盘点 字词回顾字词回顾 1 n 不可缺少的 必须的 基本的 本质的 根本的 典例精析 It s essential for you to set your work goal 你有必要设定工作目标 Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops 阳光和水是农作物生长不可或缺的 Excise fresh air and sleep are essential for being healthy 运动 新鲜空气和睡眠是保持健康所必需的 What s the essential theme of the play 该剧的根本主题是什么 辨析拓展 It is essential 后接 that 从句时 该从句中的谓语用 should 动词原形 或者省去 should 直接用动词原形 It is essential that you should study hard 你必须努力学习 essential n c 必不可少的东西 必需品 根本要素 essentials of life 生活必需品 巩固提高 单项选择 It is that the meeting be closed A good B useful C nice D essential 4 You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease poisons and the sun s harmful rays 皮肤有三层 可以防病 防毒 抵御有害光线的侵害 layer n c 层 夹层 层次 典例精析 6 A fine layer of dust covers everything 所有的东西都盖了一层薄薄的灰尘 She spread a layer of cream on the cake 她在蛋糕上抹了一层奶油 barrier n C 障碍物 路障 栅栏 障碍 阻碍 剪票口 海关关卡 典例精析 The police put up barriers to control the crowd 警察设置障碍物 借以控制人群 They soon overcame the language barrier 不久他们便克服了语言上的障碍 Mike was stopped at the barrier because he forgot to show his ticket 麦克在剪票口被拦住了 因为他忘记出示车票 poison n 毒药 毒害 vt 毒害 使中毒 典例精析 He tried to kill himself by taking poison 他企图服毒自杀 One man s meat is another man s poison 各有所爱 We managed to poison the rats 我们设法毒死老鼠 Jealousy poisoned their friendship 嫉妒破坏了他们的友谊 辨析拓展 poison someone s mind 使某人对 他人 产生恶感 She tried to poison her father s mind against her sister 她企图令她父亲对她妹妹产生恶感 巩固提高 完成句子 工业废弃物污染了这条河 Industrial wastes the river 5 It keeps you warm or cool it prevents your body from losing too much water it is where you feel cold heat or pain and it gives you re your sense of touch sense of touch 触觉 辨析拓展 sense of sight 视觉 sense of hearing 听觉 sense of taste 味觉 sense of smell 嗅觉 sense of humor 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感 sense of direction 方向感 sense of urgency 紧 迫感 sense of duty 责任感 There is no sense in 做 是没有意义的 good sense 良知 in a broad sense 广义上 in a short of sense 在某种意义上 bring sb to his senses 使某人恢复理性 come to senses 苏醒 过来 make senses 讲得通 有意义 make senses of 弄懂 out of one s senses 失去理性 Dogs have a better sense of hearing than human 狗的听觉比人类灵敏 sense n 感觉 判断力 辨别力 道理 合理性 益处 意思 含义 7 vt 感觉到 意识到 巩固提高 单项选择 why is Tom always late for school He was no of time A need B idea C hurry D sense 6 So as you can imagine if your skin gets burned it can be serious 因此 正如你想象的一样 如果你的皮肤烫伤了 就会非常严重 典例精析 本句是一个复合句 as you can imagine 是一个插入语 If 引导的是一个条件状语从句 其 中 get burned 可以看成是一个 系动词 过去分词 的结构 辨析拓展 as 引导的定语从句可以位于句首 句中或句末 As you know a number of our students have persuaded university to stop people from smoking in the classroom A number of our students as you know have persuaded university to stop people from smoking in the classroom A number of our students have persuaded university to stop people from smoking in the classroom as you know 正如你所知 我们的许多学生已说服大学生们不在教室里抽烟 7 Burns are called first degree second degree or third degree burns depending on which layers of the skin are burned 根据皮肤烧伤的层次有一度烧伤 二度烧伤和三度烧伤 典例精析 depending on which layers of the skin are burned 为现在分词短语作伴随状语 They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky 他们在那儿站了半小时 观察着天上的星星 Following the old man the young people started walking slowly 年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来 辨析拓展 ing 分词作伴随状语 可以放在句子的前面 后面或中间 表示主语的另一个 较次要的 动作 8 Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan stove or iron for a moment 一度烫伤或烧伤的 例子包括轻微的晒伤 以及碰触到热锅 炉子或烙铁而导致的烫 烧 伤 mild adj 轻微的 不严重的 温和的 暖和的 温柔的 味淡的 典例精析 He was given a mild punishment 他被从轻发落 He is the mildest man alive 他是世上最和善的人了 8 It s been a mild winter this year 今年的冬天一直很暖和 Please make my drink a mild one 请把我的酒调得淡一点 巩固提高 单项选择 He has never lost his temper that is to say he is a man A generous B mild C rude D awkward 9 These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal 这类烧伤属于严重的烧伤 需要星期才能痊愈 Heal vi 伤口 愈合 痊愈 vt 治愈 使恢复健康 典例精析 His shoulder healed and he went back to his job 他的肩伤痊愈了 于是他回去继续工作 It will take three months for the broken bone to heal up 断骨要三个才能愈合 A physician s sacred duty is to heal the sick 医生的神圣职责就是治愈病人 The doctor healed them of their sickness heal sb of a disease 那医生治好了他们的病 辨析拓展 Heal cure 和 treat 的区别 Heal 强调经过缓慢的过程而治愈 多用于外伤 精神上的创伤或思想上的分歧 Cure 通常表示医治疾病及病后的疗养 强调突出戏剧般的治愈 多用于内部疾病 社会上 不良现象或个人恶性 Treat 强调用药物诊治 不强调是否痊愈 10 Examples include burns caused by electric shocks burning clothes or severe petrol fires 例如由电击 燃烧的衣服或严重的汽油着火所引起的烧伤 electric adj 电的 电动的 典例精析 I got an electric shock from the wire 我被这根电线电击了一下 an electric cooker 电炉 an electric plug 电插头 辨析拓展 electric 还可意为 令人兴奋的 The atmosphere at the concert was electric 音乐会的气氛令人兴奋 electrical adj 与电有关的 用电的 an electrical engine 电力工程师 electricity n 电 9 巩固提高 单项选择 The fan doesn t work because the was cut off several days A electric electrical B electric electricity C electrical electric D electrical electricity 11 Little or no pain if nerves are damaged may be pain around edge if injured area damage vt 钉住 粘贴 张贴 陷住 梗塞 被困住 停留 坚持 固守 伸 伸出 典例精析 This stamp won t stick 这张邮票贴不上 A fish bone stuck in his throat 他喉咙里卡了一根鱼刺 They stuck the notice on the wall 他们把通知贴在墙上 Don t stick your head out of the train window 不要把头伸出火车窗外面 辨析拓展 10 stick to 坚持 坚守 通常指坚持原则 计划 决定 意见等 We must stick to our plan 我们必须坚持我们的计划 巩固提高 单项选择 Once a plan has been made we should it A direct B stick to C lead to D refer to 13 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water 立即用凉水给伤口冲凉 但不要用冰水 典例精析 该句中第一个 cool 为动词 意为 使冷却 使变凉 第二个 cool 为形容词 意为 凉爽的 The rain has cooled the air 这雨使天气变得凉快了 Cool your forehand with a damp cloth 用湿布给你的额头冷敷一下 The hall is nice and cool 大厅既漂亮又凉爽 辨析拓展 keep a cool head 保持镇静 cool down 使 镇定下来 Cool down and we ll discuss it later 先镇定下来 我们回头再讨论 14 For second degree burns keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad 对于二度烧伤 要保持湿布清凉 需把湿布放在一盆凉水中 拧干布后放在烧伤面上 这 样反反复复地做一个小时左右 直到不太疼为止 squeeze out 榨出 挤出 典例精析 You should squeeze out some time to visit your old friend 你应该挤出点时间去拜访你的老朋友 辨析拓展 相关搭配 squeeze out of 压出 挤出 榨取 squeeze into 把 挤出 取得 squeeze from 从 挤出 取得 He wanted to squeeze toothpaste out of a tub 他想把牙膏从牙膏筒里挤出来 over and over again 反复 多次 典例精析 I made him work over and over again 我让他不停的工作 They ran the tapes over and over again 11 他们将磁带播放了一遍又一遍 辨析拓展 相关搭配 over and over 一再地 反复地 again and again 反复地 再三地 time and again 多次 一再地 time after time 多次 不断地 巩固提高 单项选择 I told him to turn down the radio but he turned a deaf ear to me A once again B over and over again C over again D again 15 Hold the bandage in place with tape 用胶带将碰带固定 in place 在适当的位置 适当 典例精析 You d better put things back in place Otherwise it will be difficult to find them 你最好把你的东西各就各位 不然很难找 Your proposal is quiet in place 你的建议很恰当 All the technical equipment was now in place 所有的技术设备均已到位 辨析拓展 相关搭配 out of place 不适合 不恰当 take the place of 代替 be in place of 代替 take one s place 代替某人 就职 Her dress was out of place at the ceremony 她的衣服不适合在典礼上穿 巩固提高 完成句子 He has a good habit of keeping his things 16 If burns are on arms or legs keep them higher than the heart if possible 如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部 可能的话 就要把手臂或腿部提高到高于心脏的位置 典例精析 if possible if it is possible 此处为省略句式 关于状语从句中的省略 首先要看主句的主 语与从句的主语是否一致 如一致或从句主语是 it 则从句的动词 be 及其主语均可省去 Although he was the youngest of the class he won all the prizes 尽管他是班上最小的 但是他还是获得了所有奖项 I will attend your party if it is possible 如果有可能的话 我会出席你的聚会 辨析拓展 被动语态的省略 12 He won t come unless he is invited 除非被邀请 否则他不会来 自我测评自我测评 单词拼写 根据句意及所给首字母写出下列单词 1 After the earthquake people all over the world gave first a to them as soon as possible 2 It is supposed that the p food may be the cause of the man s sudden death 3 Don t be c on a fish bone when eating fish 4 First aid is a very important step in the t of burns 5 Remember to cover the burned area with a dry and clean b 6 The driver of the car received serious 受伤 to the legs and arms 7 This diamond brooch is my most valuable piece of 珠宝 8 She 挤出 the water out of the sponge 9 He has only a 轻微的 fever and doesn t need to see a doctor 10 Her foot was very 肿起的 after the accident 课文重组 用正确的词填空 First aid is the first kind of help given to someone when suddenly falls 1 or get injured before a doctor can be found In this unit let s study the first aid for 2 The skin is an 3 part of our body It keeps your body cool It 4 your body from losing water You can get burned by hot 5 steam fire radiation and so on There are three 6 of burns called first second and third degree When someone gets burned We will carry 7 first aid treatment by different degrees Remove clothing from the burned area 8 it is stuck to the burn Cover the burned with a dry clean 9 that will not stick to the skin Then immediately took him to the 10 用介词 副词填空 1 After reading the newspaper please put it place 2 These children are good health 3 Use my umbrella to protect yourself the rain 4 Cover the burned area a dry clean cloth 5 They have been squeezed of the job market by young people 单项选择 1 09 年高考浙江卷 In the good care of the nurses the boy is recovering from his heart operation A quietly B actually C practically D gradually 2 09 年高考浙江卷 The medicine works more effectively you drink some hot water after taking it A as B until C although D if 3 09 年高考天津卷 The art show was being a failure it was a great success A far from B along with C next to D regardless of 4 We had to an answer him A squeeze through B squeeze from 13 C squeeze on D squeeze in 5 09 年高考上海卷 Four Chinese models were the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition A among B between C along D beside 6 09 年高考福建卷 The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any When the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April 2009 A delay B effort C schedule D consideration 7 09 年高考天津卷 We re organizing a party next Saturday and I d like you to come I have another one that day Thank you just the same A Good luck B What a pity C Never do it again D Well done 8 An earthquake happened in Wenchuan and a great many people were A destroyed B wounded C damaged D injured 9 After he retired from office Rogers painting for a while but soon lost interest A took up B save up C kept up D drew up 10 I invited five people to my party Out of those five people only John and Mary come people can t come A The others B The other C Others D Other three 完成句子 1 Because he couldn t understand 所以我不得不反复地说许多 遍 over 2 A good dictionary can 有助于语言学习 aid 3 Someone tried to 毒死我的狗 poison 4 The classmates can come in as soon as 所有桌椅摆好 in place 5 I like to go outing 在温和的天气里 mild 完形填空 If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time they become weak When you 1 using them again they 2 become strong again Everybody knows this and nobody would think of 3 this fact 4 there are many people who do not 5 to know that memory works in the 6 way 7 someone says that he has a good memory he 8 means that he 9 his memory by practising exercising it When someone 10 says that his memory is poor he actually means that he 11 give it enough chances to become 12 Have you ever 13 that people who cannot read or write usually have 14 memories than those who can This is 15 those who 16 read or write 17 remember things They have to remember dates places names songs and stories So their memory is the whole time 18 So 19 you want to have a good memory you should learn from those people 20 by remembering what you see hear feel and write If so you must have a good memory 1 A begin B go on C stop D continue 2 A quickly B slowly C soon D at once 3 A doing B agreeing C questioning D answering 4 A Yet B Still C So D Certainly 14 5 A want B seem C get D hope 6 A other B usual C same D opposite 7 A As B What C While D When 8 A real B actually C true D then 9 A wants B builds up C makes D keeps 10 A again B else C more D once 11 A do not B is not C never D does not 12 A poor B weak C strong D healthy 13 A seen B heard of C noticed D thought of 14 A worse B better C more D less 15 A why B how C because D the reason 16 A used to B cannot C try to D have to 17 A will not B have to C refuse D cannot 18 A ready B being used C busy D training 19 A if B that C though D thus 20 A please B try C train D enjoy Section Learning about Language Using Language 1 John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another 在表彰抢救他人生命的 10 个人的勇敢行为的大会上 约翰被授予奖项 present vt 给 介绍 赠送 呈现 典例精析 All this presented new safety problems 所有这些都造成了新的安全问题 He presented a golden cup to the winner 他把金奖杯颁发给了胜利者 I will present my boyfriend to my parents tomorrow 我明天要把我的男朋友介绍给我的父母 辨析拓展 1 present 即可用作动词也可用作名词 形容词 They unwrapped their Christmas presents 他们打开了自己的圣诞礼物 How many people were present at the meeting 该会议有多少人出席 2 相关搭配 at present at the present time 目前 当前 present oneself 出席 到场 present sth to sb present sb with sth 把某物给某人 巩固提高 单项选择 They are having a meeting so they are busy A at present time B at present C at the present times D in the present All at the party were his loyal supporters 15 A present B thankful C interested D important 2 When he and his father rushed outside a man ran from the scene 当他和他的父亲冲到外面时 一个男人从事发现场跑了出来 scene n 现场 事发地点 故事发生的地方 剧中的场景 布景 风景 景象 典例精析 Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident 那事故发生後不久记者就都赶到了现场 The scene represents a small mountain village 布景展现的是一个小山村 What a fantastic mountain scene 多么迷人的山景 辨析拓展 scene scenery 和 view 的区别 scene 所指的景色 包括远看以及近看的景色 而且还包括人的活动 We saw a happy scene of children playing in the park 我们看到孩子们在公园里快乐地玩耍的景象 scenery 所指的风景 是对某一国家或某一地区的整体的自然风景的描述 为不可数名词 通常从美的角度出发 The scenery was beautiful beyond description 那风景美丽得难以形容 view 也表示 景象 但着重表示从远处某一个视点观察到的景象 着重点是看到了多少 I ll sit there and look at the view 我将坐在那里看风景 3 She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily 她正躺在前面花园的地上 流血不止 bleeding very heavily 现在分词短语在从句中作伴随状语 所表示的动作与句子的主语之间 为主谓关系 典例精析 He stayed at home cleaning and washing 他呆在家里 又擦又洗 The teacher came in following some students 老师跟在一些学生后面进来了 4 It was John s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade s life 正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命 典例精析 此句为强调句型 强调了句子的主语 John s quick action and knowledge of first aid It is he who is going abroad 是他要出国 辨析拓展 16 强调句型可以强调主语 宾语和状语 不可以强调谓语和定语 其构成为 It is was 被强 调部分 that who 其它句子成分 强调宾语时 代词应使用宾格形式 强调主语时 应注 意主谓一致 强调 人 时 连接词用 that 或 who 强调 物 时 连词用 that 但是在特殊疑 问句的强调句型中 如果强调 who 时 只能用连接词 that Who was it that told you the secret 是谁告诉你这个秘密的 5 He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages but when nobody could put their hands on any his father got some tea towels and tape from their house 他立即问傍边的一些人要绷带 当他们没找到绷带的时候 他的父亲却从屋里拿出一些擦 杯盘的布和胶带来 a number of 若干 许多 相当于 many a number of 后接可数复数名词 当 a number of n 作主语时 其谓语用复数形式 a small large great number of 典例精析 I have read a large number of magazines of this kind 我们读过许多这类杂志 A number of students in their school are from the country 他们学校的学生有很多是来自农村的 put one s hands on 找到 典例精析 I have the book somewhere but I cannot put my hands on it 这本书是有的 可我一下又找不着了 辨析拓展 相关搭配 lay get one s hands on 得到某物 获得某物 If only I could get my hands on a bit of extra money 但愿我能有些额外的收入 巩固提高 翻译 我到哪可以买到一辆便宜的车 6 I m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I d been taught John said 约翰说 我为自己所做的事感到自豪 我所做的只不过是以前学到的知识 典例精析 what I did 为 what 引导的名词性从句 作介词 of 的宾语 为宾语从句 what 在从句中作 did 的宾语 引导名词性从句 除了作介词的宾语外 还可作动词的宾语 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部 辨析拓展 连接宾语从句的词有 who whom whose what whoever whomever whosever whatever whichever when where why how whenever wherever however 等 除了介词可引导宾语从句外 动 词也可引导名词性从句 I wonder what he is doing 17 我想知道他正在干什么 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam 没人知道他是否会通过考试 7 There is no doubt that John s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade s life 毫无疑问 是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术 使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了 典例精析 本句 doubt 为名词 后面所跟的从句为同位语从句 若 doubt 是肯定式 同位语从句用 whether 或 if 引导 若 doubt 用在否定句中 则同位语从句用 that 引导 There was no doubt that he was a great scientist 毫无疑问 他是个伟大的科学家 There is some doubt that he will pass the exam 他能否通过考试有点让人怀疑 辨析拓展 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句 它一般跟在某些名词后面 用以说明该名词 表示的具体内容 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有 news idea fact promise question doubt thought hope message suggestion words 消息 possibility 等 英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that whether 连接副词 how when where 等 注 if which 不能引导同位语从句 I heard the news that our team had won 我听到了我们队获胜的消息 I had no idea that you were here 我不知道你在这里 8 It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference 这表明简单的急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用 a knowledge of 知道 了解 具有 知识 She has a wide knowledge of history 她有渊博的历史知识 He has little knowledge of the facts 他对事实全然不知 make a difference 有区别 与众不同 有关系有区别 与众不同 有关系 make no little any big all difference 典例精析 This made no difference to me 这对她没多大影响 It doesn t make any difference to me whether you go or stay 对我来说 你走或留都没有关系 9 Before receiving their awards last night John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister 昨晚领奖前 约翰和其他九位救生员还出席了由首相主持的特殊的招待会 典例精析 18 hosted by the Prime Minister 为过去分词作后置定语 修饰名词 reception The student dressed in white is my daughter 穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿 辨析拓展 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况 单