2013英语四级改革翻译、单词、词组、短语听力核心词汇.doc

翻译样卷题:剪纸（papercutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（theMingandQingDynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。PapercuttingisoneofChinasmostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.Chinesepapercuttinghasahistoryofmorethan1,500years.ItwaswidespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingDynasties.Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhomeswithpapercuttings.DuringtheSpringFestivalandweddingcelebrations,inparticular,papercuttingsareusedtodecoratedoors,windowsandroomsinordertoenhancethejoyousatmosphere.Thecolormostfrequentlyusedinpapercuttingisred,whichsymbolizeshealthandprosperity.Chinesepapercuttingisverypopulararoundtheworldanditisoftengivenasapresenttoforeignfriends. 练习一:中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来， 中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since Chinas reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.练习二:狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.练习三:假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese peoples consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy peoples demand for an improved quality of life.练习四:端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuans body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.练习五:2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations, she compared with the same experiment 练习六武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。/ 为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。/武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。/老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。/Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can be traced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture. As we all know, the fine culture of a nation doesn t belong to the nation alone and it will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity./ The Chinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have been working very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closer to the Olympic Movement. Wushu was accepted to join bowling and international standard dance as an Olympic demonstration event./ The booming of wushu is attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrant Chinese wushu masters over the years./ Martial artists of the older generations have sown wushu seeds in foreign countries. Weshu, which can be used as self defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soom became popular on new lands. Today sperb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateurs are on the increase with each passing day.练习七改革开放 30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。/ 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。/ 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。/他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学 。As china is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture./ During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first- hand the splendors of this venerable civilization./ As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture, herbal medicines, martial arts./ They are also interested in kongfu films, fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dimsum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement./练习八春节期间的娱乐活动多种多样，丰富多彩。耍龙灯和舞狮子是春节期间的传统项目。还有一种至今仍受人欢迎的传统表演活动，叫踩高跷。/现在，随着生活水平的不断提高，人们采用了新的方式庆祝新年。但不管庆祝方式怎么变，春节的精华不会变，那就是为了祈求新年吉祥如意。/家家户户都会打扫的干干净净，门上都会贴上对联，人人都会穿上新衣裳，拿出最精美的食物，团聚在一起，互道吉利，表示祝贺。/最重要的是，春节是一个合家欢聚的日子，出门在外的人总要想方设法在除夕夜到来之前赶回家，吃上一年中最重要的一段饭“团圆饭”。/The recreational activities during the Spring Festival are varied and colorful. The Dagon Dance and Lion Dance are traditionally performed during the festival. Walking on stilts is another traditional performance event popular in china. /Nowadays, with the improvement of living standards, people have taken up new ways to celebrate the New Year. No matter what change there might be, the highlights of the Spring Festival will remain the same: hoping for a propitious and happy new year./Each family will clean up the house and put up an antithetical couplet on each side of the door. Dressed up in their best, people will get together, treat each other to the most delicious foods and exchange auspicious greetings./Most important of all, the Spring Festival is the occasion for a family reunion. People away from home for various reasons will always try their best to come back before the New Year Eve, in order to have the most important dinner in the year, family reunion dinner.词汇练习:一1. He proved himself a _ successor to the former Prime Minister.A. worthwhile B. worthiness C. worthy D. worth2. Your radio is too loud, turn the _ down.A. volume B. voice C. sound D. tone3. The Channel Tunnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever _.A. understated B. undertaken C. undergone D. underneath4. He comes from a poor country village in the mountains, so its very hard for him to pay the whole school years _ at one time.A. money B. fare C. fees D. tuition5. Anthony is a very _ person and never wastes anything.A. miserly B. thrifty C. economic D. conservative6. He is seriously ill because his girlfriend has just deserted him. Why dont you try some occupational _ to remove his mind from distress?A. operation B. therapy C. injection D. medicine7. The government used their emergency powers to _ the truth about the accident.A. suppress B. manipulate C. control D. manage8. The _ of the member countries is supposed to be held recently at Geneva.A. summit B. summary C. suffering D. summon9. The ghostly presence was just a (n)_ sensation of some people.A. objective B. subjunctive C. subjective D. objected10. The company is on the verge of bankruptcy, and thousands of jobs are at _.A. danger B. loss C. threat D. stake答案及解析1. 答案为C。worthwhile 意思是“值得花费时间、金钱或精力的”。worthy 可以表示“值得尊重或者考虑的”，用这一意思时通常做定语。worthiness 是worthy 的名词形式。worth 用作表语，意思是“有某种价值的；值得（做某事）”。本句要填入一个作定语的形容词，所以， C 是正确答案。2. 答案为A。volume 意思是“音量，响度”，voice 意思是“嗓音”，sound 意思是“声，声音，声响”，tone 指“音调，音质；语气，腔调；（乐器的）音质，音色”。3. 答案为Bunderstate 意思是“有节制地陈述或表达；少说，少报”，undertake 意思是“承担，负起.的责任”，undergo 意为“经历，经受；接受，承受”，underneath 意为“在. 的下面（介词）；在下面，向下（副词）；底部，底面（名词）”。4. 答案为Dmoney 泛指“金钱，货币”；fare 指（公共汽车、轮船、计程车等的）票价； fee 指付给私人教师、医生等的服务费，酬金；tuition 尤指大专院校的学费。5. 答案为Bmiserly 意思是“似守财奴的，吝啬的”，thrifty 意思是“节检的，节约的”， economic 意思是“经济学的，经济的”，conservative 意思是“保守的，守旧的”。6. 答案为B。operation 指“手术”，therapy 指“疗法”，injection 指“注射”，medicine 指“医术，医学；药”。occupational therapy 指“职业疗法”，即给患者创造性或生产性工作以治疗其身心某些疾病的方法。7. 答案为A。suppress 意思是“阻止.被知道或看到”，manipulate 指“熟练地控制或操纵（某事物）”，control 意思是“控制”，manage 意思是“负责（谋事物），管理，经营”。8. 答案为A。summit 意思是“峰会，首脑会晤”，summary 意为“小结”，suffering 指肉体或内心的痛苦，summon 意为“传唤，传讯；（法院的）传票”。9. 答案为C。objective 意为“客观的”，subjunctive 意为“虚拟语气的”，subjective 意为“主观的”，object 意思是“反对，抗议”，作动词。10. 答案为D 。at a loss 意思是“不知如何是好，茫然，不知所措”，at stake 指“凶吉难卜，好坏无法预料”。可以说in danger 或under threat,但不可以说at danger 或at threat。二1. His watch is _ by hand, not by machine, so it is very expensive.A. flat B. coined C. bored D. manufactured2. These two horses look so much alike that we can not _ one from the other.A. differ B. detail C. distinguish D. defeat3. The president of that company was very calm during the political _.A. failure B. fashion C. proceed D. crisis4. _ is usually the chief enemy of the camera lens.A. Oxxasion B. vain C. Moisture D. Deck5. The _ left the ship after sixty hours of hard struggle.A. dash B. cell C. crew D. gay6. On our way to Beijing, we visited Xian, a city of two million _, and stayed there for two days.A. insects B. human C. inhabitants D. flights7. One of the main reasons for air pollution is that many cars _smoke into the atmosphereA. gather B. hire C. discharge D. escape8. Dont forget to _ to let us know you arrived safely.A. cable B. cage C. border D. bay9. She gave him a _ that she could not come to his party.A. mistress B. shoot C. neck D. hint10. When the temperature is below zero, water will _.A. freeze B. virtue C. sink D. seek11. 1,3,5,7 and 9 are _ numbers and 2,4,6 and 8 are not.A. odd B. even C. extra D. nut12. He always _ to everything and never agrees with anybody.A. projects B. gives C. folds D. objects13. I was born in Japan, but I have _ Chinese citizenship.A. retained B. represented C. reported D. required14. He made a rough _ of the first floor of that building, showing us where his office was located.A. painting B. illustration C. drawing D. sketch15. He is deeply _ in the trouble of his company.A. involved B. occurred C. packed D. represented参考答案：1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. A三1. The Minister of Finance stresses that the quality of goods, _ the quantity of production, is the key to improving the nations economy.A) other than B) rather than C) more than D) better than2. If people are not held responsible for their they are drunk,then we _ forgive drunken driversA) may well as B) had better C) might as well D) would rather3. He might have been dead _ the arrival of the doctors.A) but for B) except for C) with D) on4. These areas rely on agriculture almost _, having few mineral resources and a minimum of industrial development.A) respectively B) undoubtedly C) incredibly D) exclusively5. Its strange that Amy _ her aunt in every way.A) takes down B) takes after C) takes to D) takes on6. With the experience approaching the final success, everyone knows that they can not _ a single minor mistake and thing.A) inflict B) endure C) stand D) afford7. The boss stressed the criterion that a qualified waiter must do every service _ the satisfaction of his customers.A) for B) by C) on D) to8. Only after many years of hard work _ that money alone does not lead to happiness and success.A) I did realize B) had I realized C) did I realize D) I had realized9. When automation is introduced into the factory, all the work done by hand will _ the assembly line.A) take the place of B) replace C) be attributed to D) give way to10.The travelers were ready to enjoy the spectacular tidal waves when suddenly a thick fog came up and _ the whole scene.A) blurred B) belittled C) banned D) collapsed答案与解析：1. B财政部长强调，促进国民经济的关键不是产量，而是产品的质量。短语辨析题，要求后面考生能辨析.than的差别，并能正确使用。other than 表示“不同于”，“除了”;more than 是“大于”，“多于”，而better than 常指“比更好”，“胜于”;只有rather than指“不是(而是)”，符合本题语境。2. C如果人们不必为自己酒后的行为承担责任，那么我们还是原谅那些酒后驾车的司机为好。本题是考察几个与情态动词相关的习惯用语的使用。might/may as well 是比较常用但许多考生并不明确的习惯表达，表示have no better reason not to.(没理由不还是为好);没有may well as 这种说法，另外两个短语大多数考生比较熟悉：had better 最好;would rather宁可也不，宁愿。3. A要不是大夫赶来，他可能已经死了。本题测试重点是虚拟语气的使用。but for的意思是if not(要是没有，要不是)，要求后面跟虚拟语气的谓语。其他三个选项从意思上均说不通。4. D这些地区矿产资源贫乏，工业发展滞后，几乎完全依赖农业，本题测试副词的用法。四个选项分别为respectively(分别地，各个地);undoubtedly(毋庸质疑地，的确地);incredibly(难以置信地);exclusively(排外地，专有地)。根据句意只能选D。5. B很奇怪，艾米长得特别像她姑妈。本题测试take的短语动词的使用。各选项的意思分别为：take down拿下，记下，拆卸，病倒;take after长得相似;take to从事，喜欢，养成习惯;take on聘用，承担(工作，责任等)。显然本题正确答案是B。与take 相关的短语动词有许多，请考生多加注意。6. D实验接近尾声，即将获得最后的成功。每个人都明白谁都承担不起因一个小差错而毁掉全局的后果。词语辨析题，主要明确 cant afford 的含义及用法。cant afford 表示“承担不起的责任/后果”;inflict 后常接on/upon，表示“使受(痛苦)，给以(打击/惩罚)”;endure也常与cannot等否定词连用，表示“不能容忍/忍受”;而 stand 表示“容忍”之意时与endure用法相同。7. D老板强调指出，要做一名合格的服务员必须使自己的服务让顾客满意。本题考察介词的使用。do sth. to the satisfaction of sb. 的意思是“把某事做得使某人满意”，其他三个选项均不合题意。8. C在经过多年的努力工作之后，我才意识到金钱本身并不能带来幸福和成功。本题考察考生对虚拟语气和倒装句的正确使用。only after 表示“在之后”，要求后面跟虚拟语气，同时，如果把only after置于句首则要求用倒装语序，综合考虑只有C答案正确。9. D工厂引入自动控制之后，所有由手工进行的工作都将让位于装配线。本题是短语辨析题，主要考察考生对give way to 与take the place of 等短语/词汇的区别。give way to (让位于)既包含着take the place of / replace的意思，又不仅仅是take the place of / replace 的意思，它强调了被比较对象的关系，如 A gives way to B 表示“B 取代了A，A 因退步/落后等原因让位于B”。所以本题答案是D。10. A游客们正要欣赏壮观的海啸，突然一阵浓雾出现了，整个景色变得一片模糊。词语辨析题，要求考生能够辨析blur等词语，并学会正确使用。blur把视线、界限等弄得模糊不清;belittle轻视，使显得渺小;ban禁止，取缔;collapse倒塌，失败，崩溃。四1. Would you mind _ quiet for a moment? Im trying _ of form.A) keeping, to fill outB) keeping, filling outC) keep, to fill outD) to keep, to fill out2. Mercury is different from other industrial metals _ it is a liquid.A) because ofB) whereasC) in thatD) though3. He made a hypothesis _ the great storms on the sun create large amounts of electric energy.A) why B) which C) when D) that4. He had the _ over other boys of having had very good preschool education.A) alternative B) advantage C) ability D) challenge5. _ went to the birthday party last night.A) Many friends of JohnB) Many Johns friendsC) Many of John friendsD) Many friends of Johns6. Are you tired?No, not _.A) in the leastB) at the leastC) so to speakD) at least7. The notice says that no books in the reading room are allowed _ out of it.A) to take B) take C) taking D) to be taken8. _ in the front row and _ a pair of binoculars I saw everything clearly and beautifully.A) Seated,usingB) Seating,usingC) Seated,usedD) Seating,used9. _ they want to the bar to enjoy a drink.A) No sooner had they got to know the news whenB) Hardly they had got to know the news thanC) No sooner had they got to know the news thanD) Scarcely had they got to know the news than10. At the beginning