高二上学期期末复习.doc

必修 5Unit 1 Getting along with others【诵读积累】 (2010江西高考)英语中“please” “thank you” “sorry”等礼貌用语具有增进友谊、改善关系、化解矛盾等神奇的力量，因而被称为“magic words”。请以“Magic Power of Polite Words”为题写一篇100个词左右的英语作文。体裁不限(叙述文、议论文、说明文)。 Magic Power of Polite Words More and more people are attaching great importance to relationship in career success. Being polite is the first and most important step to develop good relationship among friends. Polite words can be easy but very powerful in your daily life. Always say please and thank you, which will make your friends feel more comfortable and more willing to offer help when necessary. Always show your gratitude to other peoples kindness through the words you speak. The more support you win from other people, the faster you will move towards your goal. Although the importance of being polite may be easily ignored, we should form good habits and behave in good manners. First, learn to be friendly to your parents at home. Then at school, listen respectfully when your teachers instruct you. Follow and accept their advice to improve yourselves. Express your gratitude in time and you will make further progress. Remember, being polite costs nothing but its worth millions of dollars. 【尝试运用】词汇翻译 认为有重要性attach importance to建立良好的关系 develop a good relationship接受某人的建议 accept/adopt ones advice表达某人的感激 express ones gratitude一句多译越来越多的人重视人际关系在事业成功方面的重要性。A good relationship is considered more important in career success.The importance of a relationship in career success is highly stressed.你得到他人的相助越多，你就成功得越快。The more support you win from others, the sooner you will achieve your goal.Win more support from others and you will achieve your goal sooner.重点盘点： . 单词盘点核心速记1. betray (vt. ) 出卖，背叛2. pretend (vi. & vt. ) 假装；装扮，扮作3. swear (vt. &vi. ) 发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话4. focus (vi. &vt. ) 集中注意力于；(使)聚焦； (n. )焦点; 重点5. remark (n. & vi. ) 评论，谈论6. awkward (adj. ) 人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的7. quarrel (n. &vi. ) 争吵，争执8. sensitive (adj. ) 易生气的；敏感的；体贴的9. blame (vt. ) 责备， 指责 (n. ) (坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责10. identity (n. ) 身份11. absurd (adj. ) 荒唐的，怪诞的12. overcome (vt. ) 克服，解决13. acquaintance (n. ) 泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，(与某人)认识14. attitude (n. ) 态度，看法15. committed(adj. ) 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的联想串记16. cheerful (adj. ) 愉快的，高兴的；令人愉快的cheer (n. )欢呼，愉快 (v. ) (使)高兴；(为)加油17. admit (vt. & vi. )承认；允许进入，接纳_ admission (n. )承认；录取，允许进入18. forgive (vt. ) 原谅，宽恕forgiveness (n. )原谅，宽恕19. manner (n. ) 方式；态度，举止manners (n. ) 礼貌20. guilty (adj. ) 内疚的；有罪的guilt (n. ) 过失；内疚21. argue (vi. ) 争吵，争论argument (n. ) 论证，论据；争吵22. apologize (vi. ) 道歉apology (n. )道歉23. amusement (n. ) 娱乐，消遣amuse (vt. ) 娱乐，消遣，使发笑；使愉快24. cautious (adj. ) 小心的，谨慎的cautiously (adv. ) 小心地，谨慎地caution (n. ) 小心，谨慎；警告25. respond (vi. ) 做出反应，回应response (n. ) 响应；反应；回答26. security (n. ) 平安，安全；安全措施secure (adj. ) 安全的；有把握的，稳当的27. mercy (n. ) 宽恕；仁慈merciful (adj. ) 仁慈的，宽容的 . 短语1. 假装做某事 pretend to do sth 2. 想要做某事 feel like doing sth 3. 信守诺言，守信用 keep ones word 4. 暗中监视，窥探 spy on 5. 决心做某事 be determined to do sth.6. (与)步调一致，(与)同步 keep pace with7. 以这种方式 in this manner 8. 评论，发表议论 make a remark 9. 向某人道歉 apologize to sb. 10. 情不自禁地做某事 cant help doing sth.11. 不能忍受做某事 cannot stand doing sth. 12. 不停地做某事 keep on doing sth. 13. 事先 in advance 14. 预先静静地，默默地，无声地 in silence 15. (用电话)接通；通过；完成(任务，工作) get through 16. 以为基础 be based on 17. 对谨慎/小心的 be cautious about 18. 不管，不顾 regardless of 19. 最后成为；最终处于 end up 20. 依靠，依赖；信任 rely on 21. 总之，最后 in conclusion . 句型透视1. “must have done”表示肯定的推测I _(一定是听起来) very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. 2. so. . . that. . . 引导结果状语从句I _(如此难过以至于) I felt like crying. 3. 否定转移用法 _(我认为我不能)ever truly forgive her. 4. “so/neither/nor +助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面的情况也适用于后者Football is very important to me, but _(我们的友谊也很重要). 5. 状语从句的省略_(当被问到时), they usually hesitate before responding, My best friend? . . . 6. 含有if引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气However, _(如果我终止了我们的友谊), we would have both learnt nothing. (KEYS: 1. must have sounded; 2. was so upset that; 3. I dont think I can; 4. so is our friendship5. When asked 6. if I had ended our friendship) 即时练习： 1. 选用框中词汇完成句子 pretend, identity, forgive, keep pace with, end up(1)The boy, who had broken the window with a stone, stood in front of the old lady, _ that he was innocent. (2)The police are trying to confirm the _ of the dead in the air crash. (3)As a newcomer, he had great difficulty _the other team players. (4)Hopefully Jane will understand and _ you, if she really loves you. (5)If you dont know what you want, you might _ getting something you dont want. (KEYS：pretending identity keeping pace with forgive end up)2. 选用句型透视中的句式仿写句子(1)你昨天肯定是误解了你的父亲。 (2)他觉得生活如此艰难以至于他想要放弃自己的梦想。 (3)生活是一个过程，我们为平衡生活所做的努力也是一个过程。 (4)这座中心图书馆在完成后将在10月份对公众开放。(5)如果你早点住院治疗的话，你就不会受那么多苦了。(KEY: You must have misunderstood your father yesterday.He felt life so hard that he felt like giving up his dream.Life is a process and so is our effort to balance our life.When completed, the central library is going to be open to the public in October.If you had been in hospital for treatment earlier, you wouldnt have suffered so much.)语言点总结1. pretend vi. & vt. 假装; 装扮，扮作 pretend to do/to be doing/to have done sth. 假装要做/正在做/做过某事 pretend that. . . 假装The boy pretended not to notice the money on the floor. 男孩假装没有注意到地板上的钱。She pretended to be reading something while she was doing nothing at all. 她假装在读什么东西，然而她什么也没有做。The father pretended that he had learnt about the truth. (句型转换) 父亲假装已经了解了真相。=The father _ _ _ _ _ the truth. (pretended to have learnt about)2. admit vt. &vi. 承认；允许进入，接纳； 供认 admit (doing) sth. 承认(做过)某事 admit (to sb. ) that-clause (向某人)承认 admit sb. to/into. . . 接收，允许某人进入(某一组织，机构)None of them is willing to admit their foolishness. 他们中没有一个人愿意承认他们的愚蠢。She is said to have been admitted to the Beijing University. 据说她已经被北京大学录取了。She was admitted to the hospital with a soaring temperature. 她因高烧被接收入院。我不得不承认我已经从他身上学到了太多的东西。(一句多译)I have to _ _ I have learnt too much from him. =I have to _ _ _ too much from him. (admit that /admit having learnt)【想一想】admit常常接动词的-ing形式作宾语，你还知道哪些单词有类似的用法？常接v. -ing形式作宾语的动词包括：imagine, consider, delay, mind, avoid, enjoy, practice, miss, finish, keep等。3. forgive vt. 原谅，宽恕Have you forgiven him his rudeness? 你原谅他的粗鲁了吗？I cant forgive myself for not seeing my mother before she died. 母亲临终前我未去看她，为这事我不能原谅自己。【归纳】forgive sb. /sb. sth. 原谅某人/某人某事forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事4. focus vi. & vt. 集中注意力于；(使)聚焦 n. 焦点；重点We should focus on what we are doing in class at present. 我们应该集中注意力于我们目前课堂上所在做的事情。With so many people focusing their eyes on him, he felt very nervous. 有那么多人在盯着自己，他感到很紧张。Whatever he says, he will be the focus of attention. 不管他说什么，都会成为关注的焦点。【归纳】 focus on/upon 集中于，以为重点，把注意力集中于focus ones eyes/attention/mind on sth. 把某人的视线/注意力/思想集中于某事/物the focus of attention 关注的焦点5. manner n. 方式，方法； 态度，举止 n. pl. 礼貌； 规矩； 风俗 in a. . . manner 以方式 in a manner 在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in this manner 以这种方式，如此It is acceptable to manage all the possible conflicts in a friendly manner. 以友好的方式处理所有可能的冲突是可以接受的。Constant advertisements about the products have promoted the sales of them in a manner. 有关这些产品的连续不断的广告从某种意义上来说促进了其销售。You should educate your kids to mind their manner. (改错)答案：mannermanners。manner表示“礼貌，规矩，习俗”时为复数用法，故要用manners。6. remark n. & vi. 评论，谈； vt. 注意到；觉察到Unfortunately, none of them made a remark on/about the recent sighting of the rare animal. 不幸的是，他们中没有人对最近看到这一稀有动物的事作出评论。They are willing to remark on/upon the cause of the car accident. 他们愿意就这次车辆事故发表一下评论。【归纳】 make a remark on/about 对作出评论remark on/upon 评论，议论，谈论7. argue vi. 争吵，争论The children are arguing with their parents about/over where to spend their holiday. 孩子们正在与父母争论到哪里度假的问题。Do you argue for or against the economic reform? 你是赞成还是反对经济改革？We tried many ways to argue him into accepting our advice, but in vain. 我们想尽各种办法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。Some experts argue that more strict measures should be taken to make the road safer. 一些专家认为要采取更严格的措施来使道路更安全。【归纳】 argue that-clause 主张/认为argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对某事argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事8. apologize vi. 道歉You have to apologize to your friend for your being rude to him. 你要为你的粗鲁而向朋友道歉。Why didnt you make an apology to him for not keeping your word? 你为什么不因为没有信守诺言而向他道歉呢？He offered us an apology for keeping us waiting so long. 让我们等了这么长时间，他向我们道歉。You owe him an apology for what you said. 你应为你所说的话向他道歉。【归纳】apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而向某人道歉accept/refuse ones apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉make an apology to sb./ offer sb. an apology 向某人道歉owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉9. blame vt. 责备，指责； 把归咎于 n. (坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责 be to blame for sth. 应为某事承担责任, 该为某 事受责备 blame sb. for (doing) sth. 责备某人(做)某事 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人Which driver _ _ _ _ the traffic accident? 哪个司机应对这起交通事故承担责任？You have no reason to blame him for leaving without saying goodbye. 你没有理由责备他不辞而别。How can you blame the fire on such an innocent old lady? 你怎么能把火灾归咎于一个无辜的老太太呢？【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空blame 指对做错事的人、不良行为等的责备，常译为“责备，责怪，归咎于”；be to blame for sth. 表示“某人因为某事该受到责备”，要用主动形式表示被动意义 scold 表示因为愤怒而大声地责备，多指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈、雇主对雇员以粗暴或激烈的言辞对对方进行数落。常用结构：scold sb. for (doing) sth. I was late for class again and was afraid that the teacher would _ me for it. However, the teacher seemed to be considerate. He just smiled at me and said that it was the bad traffic that was to _ for my being late. （scold blame）10. acquaintance n. 泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，(与某人)认识，熟悉Do you have any acquaintance with the pop music named Gangnam Style? 你对名叫江南Style的流行音乐有所了解吗？Even on first acquaintance it was clear that he was not the right type. 甚至初次见面就看出他显然不是“对路子的人”。We are expecting to make the acquaintance of the famous writerMo Yan. 我们期待着结识这位著名的作家莫言。【归纳】have acquaintance with 认识, 了解, 熟悉on first acquaintance 初次相见nodding acquaintance 点头之交；泛泛之交make ones acquaintance/ make the acquaintance of sb. 和某人相识，认识某人11. respond vi. 做出反应，回应 (1)respond to 对做出反应；答复 (2)response n. 反应，响应，回复 make a response 作出响应，作出回复 in response to 对做出反应 More than 5, 000 people responded to the advertisement. 超过5，000人对这个广告做出了回应。(2012北京高考)Their responses to risk turn out to be different. 他们对冒险的回应结果是不同的。So far they havent made a response to the result of the accident. 到目前他们还没有对事故的结果做出回应。The company is developing a new product _ _ _ customers demand. (in response to)这家公司正在开发一种新产品来应对顾客的要求。12. keep pace with (与)步调一致，(与)同步To keep pace with the fast changing world, we have to get our knowledge and skills updated. 为了与正在迅速变化的世界保持同步，我们要更新我们的知识和技能。(2011北京高考)I didnt have a good sense of balance, nor did I have the ability to keep pace with the others on the team. 我没有好的平衡感，也没有与队里其他人保持步调一致的能力。【拓展】keep away from 远离，使避开keep back 忍住(眼泪)，扣下，隐瞒keep on 继续，穿着不脱keep off 让开，不接近keep up 保持(不低落)，继续keep up with 跟上，不落在后面13. get through (用电话)接通；通过(考试，议案等)；完成；到达The tunnel is wide enough for three boats to get through at the same time. ( 通过)Can my message get through to your inbox? ( 到达)I have tried several times, but I failed to get through to the manager. ( 接通电话 )The three of us will leave as soon as we get through the work. ( 完成)【拓展】get across 使被理解，解释清楚get about/around 走动；传播开来get away from 避免，摆脱；逃离get away with 侥幸成功，逃脱惩罚get down to 开始认真做get over 克服; 从(疾病、震惊中)恢复过来get on/along with 与相处；在方面进展14. end up 最后成为；最终处于 end up + adj. /v. -ing 最后，最终 end up as sth. /sb. 最终成为或变为 end up with 以结束(后接表示具体事物的名词) end up in 以结束If he goes on driving like that, hell end up dead. 如果他继续照那样开车, 早晚得死于非命。You could end up running this company if you play your cards right. 你要是处理得当，到头来这个公司能归你掌管。If you continue to steal youll _ _ _ _. 你要是继续行窃终归得进监狱。(end up in prison)15. rely on 依靠，依赖； 信任Whatever you want to get, you have to rely on your own efforts. 不管你想要得到什么东西，你都要依靠自己的努力。You can never rely on a disabled woman to do all the housework for you. 你不能指望一个残疾的妇女替你做所有的家务。You may rely on it that he will come to your wedding as promised. 你可以相信他会按承诺的那样来参加你的婚礼。【归纳】 rely on sb. /sth. 依靠某人/某物 rely on sb. to do sth. 指望/信任某人做某事rely on it that . . .相信【想一想】在rely on it that. . . 结构中，it为形式宾语，代替后面that引导的真正的宾语从句。在英语中还有哪些动词和动词短语习惯上不直接加宾语从句而用it作形式宾语？【参考答案】 it代替从句作形式宾语时的几种特殊结构：(1)动词itwhen/if 从句。常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少数动词之后。We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour. 要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。(2)动词 it 介词短语 that从句。常见于bring it to ones attention; owe it to sb. ; take it for granted 等结构中。Dont take it for granted that they will support you. 不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。(3)动词 + 介词(短语) + it + that从句。常见于depend on, see to等结构中。You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English. 你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。16. Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship. 足球对我很重要，我们的友谊也很重要。 表达“前者的情况也适用于后面的人或物”的句型有： (1)so + 系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 (表示前面肯定的情况 也适用于后面的人或物) (2)neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(表示前面否定的情况也适用于后面的人或物) (3)so it is/was with. . . /it is/was the same with. . . (表示前面提到的两种或两种以上的情况也适用于后面的人或物)仿写句子南希在晚会上玩得很开心。她的丈夫也很开心。 Nancy had a great time at the party. _. 她不应该对你大喊大叫，我也不应该对你大喊大叫。 She shouldnt have yelled at you, _. 我们昨天去听现场音乐会了，不知道学校里发生的事情。Ellen和Hannah 也是这样。We came to the live concert yesterday and didnt know what had happened in the school. _. (KEYS: So did her husband; nor should I; So it was with Ellen and Hannah)【点津】如果对前面的整个句子或句子中的一部分内容加以肯定而不是表示前者的情况适用于后者，则只能用so+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词。例如：Mo Yan is the first Chinese writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature ever in history. 莫言是中国历史上首位获诺贝尔文学奖的作家。So he is. 确实如此。 17. However, if I had ended our friendship, we would have both learnt nothing. 但是，如果当初我终止了我们的友谊，那我们俩都会一无所得。 (1)本句为虚拟语气用法，if条件从句中的谓语动词用had done，主句的谓语动词用would have done, 表示对过去情况的假设。 (2)如果虚拟条件句中的if从句部分谓语动词出现了had, should, were, 则可以将这个if条件从句的连词if省略，而将had, should, were提到句首，构成部分倒装。If he had come earlier yesterday, he could have seen the famous writer at the ceremony. 如果他昨天早来一点，他就能在仪式上看到那位著名作家了。Had the manager kept the appointment last week, we would have signed the contract with his company. 如果经理上周守约，我们就跟他的公司签订那份合同了。If you had come earlier, you would have met him. (句型转换) 如果你来早点，你会碰到他。=_ _ _ _， you would have met him. (Had you come earlier)【点津】在很多情况下，对虚拟句的考查并不直接呈现假设的条件，而是要通过特定的形式来呈现：上下文语境 without/but for +名词(短语) 陈述句+otherwise +虚拟主句虚拟主句+but+ 陈述句(此种用法在英语语法中称为“含蓄虚拟条件句”，高考中常要求考生正确体会所设问题在某个特定语境中所反映的事件的时间特征，从而对虚拟句的谓语动词的形式作出正确的判断。) 【高考链接】(2012山东)If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent made B. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. hadnt made【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意: 如果我们没有做好充分准备的话, 会议不会如此成功。分析句子结构可知本句是一个虚拟语气句式, 根据主句中的wouldnt have been可知是对过去事情的虚拟, 因此if条件句要用had done形式来表示对过去发生事情的虚拟, 故选D。 小试牛刀：. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. Feeling _(betray) by her friends, the girl was very sad. 2. He has been in low spirits these days. We have to do something to _(cheerful) him up. 3. The boy stood behind the desk, _(pretend) to be reading a book. 4. The item is easy to break and we have to deal with it with great _(cautious). 5. I am writing in _(respond) to the advertised post as a waiter in the morning paper. 6. Now that you have realized your mistake, why not _(apology) to