英语八(上)笔记整理.doc

初 二 第 一 学 期 英 语 整 理Unit 1 Lesson 1Visiting a British Family一、单词、笔记：1. visit a British family2. communicate with sb = keep in touch with sb3. a local people / Net-pal4. renovate ones flat / house5. put up a Chinese painting / a traditional Chinese painting6. shake hands with / make friends with7. a foreign visitor 8. a present from sb / a present for sb /take a gift for host9. thank sb for sth = be thankful to sb for sth10. in front of11. in the front of12. the difference between A and B13. be on ones study trip14. May I take your coat? / take ones coat15. want 与 would likewant sth want to do want sb to dowould like sth would like to do would like sb to do16. or something17. Orange juice would be fine.18. Its the first time for sb to do sth19. show sb around sp20. have dinner with sb / have sth for dinner / invite sb to dinner / invite sb to do sth21. on ones way back to ones dormitory22. an international student23. in this way24. get to know sb25. introduce sb to sb26. an English-speaking country27. in the future28. know sth about W(w)estern culture and customs29. a bouquet of flowers30.a bottle of wine31.a box of sweets32.something Chinese33.paper cuttings / silk scarves34.at the stated time=at the appointed time35.be busy (in) doing sth=be busy with sth 36.in response to sth=in answer to sth37.welecome sb at the door / gate38.during ones stay in London39.not necessary = unnecessary40.not polite = impolite41.be pleased with = be satisfied with42.be displeased with43.receive a present / open a present in front of the guest44.Im glad you like it45.Where have you been?46.Its necessary for sb to do sth47.Western culture / Western customs48. enjoy every minute of it49. since : now thatbecause : 直接的因果关系as: 众所周知的原因for: 推测判断的依据50. paint v. painter n. painting n.51.need n.&v. necessary adj. unnecessary adj.52.English-speaking countries / peoplespoken Emunicate v. communication n.54.local adj. location n.locate v. be located in/to/at/on55.please v. pleasure n. pleasant adj. pleased adj.56.invite v. invitation n. inviting adj.57.polite adj. impolite adj. politeness n. politely adv.58.receive v. receipt n.59.respond v. response n. 二、句型、语法：1.Id like you to meet 是介绍某人与他人相识的常用语。类似的介绍用语还有： Let me introduce you to 或 May I introduce you to?2.Its a.for sb to do sth. 对某人来说，做什么是怎么样的。e.g. Its important for us to keep healthy. 对我们来说，保持健康是恒重要的。 Its necessary for students to obey the school rules.对学生们来说，遵守校规是有必要的的。 Its very difficult for me to finish this project.对我来说，完成这个工作是很困难的。 此类句型的主语是动词不定式复合结构 for sb to do sth 。for sb 是不定式的逻辑主语，说明不定式表示的动作是由谁做的，有时可省略。比较：Its very nice to meet you again. 再次见到你太好了。 Its foolish of you to play computer games day and night. 你整日整夜地打电脑游戏，太傻了。 Its kind of you to say so. 你这样说太好了。如果形容词能表达人的意志、品格、性格（如：good, clever, honest, nice, kind, foolish 等），要用介词 of ，为：Its a.for sb to do sth.。3.since conj. 由于，既然since = now that = as 既然，由于（用于引导与原因状语从句），常用句式有： Since you ,youd better /you should/you will/you ought to/why not. 与because的区别：since用于已知的原因，because 用于未知的原因。 e.g. Since you know English is very important , youd better work hard at all. 既然你知道英语很重要，你就应努力学习它。 John didnt go to school yesterday because he was badly ill. 约翰昨天没上学，因为他病的很严重。Unit 1 Lesson 2Tips about tipping一、单词、笔记：1.tip n. （1）小费 leave a small tip to the driver （2）建议 He gave me some tips about tipping 同义词 suggestion / advice2.go on an outing go on a study tip go on a tip to sp. go for a walk = go out for walk3.apologize v. apologize to sb. for sth. = say to sb. for sth. apology n. make an apology to sb. for sth.4.stick n. 棍子 a walking stick stick v. （1）粘贴 Stick the stamp on the envelope（2）陷入 get stuck 不与瞬间动词连用 be stuck 持续性动词与时间段连用5.penny n. 复数形式： pence 或 pennies 6.wait v. waiter n. waitress n. act v. actor n. actress n. host v. host n. hostess n. man doctor - men doctors woman doctdr - women doctors7.sever v. sever people sever at sp. service n. in a service industry / taxi service8.tour guide 导游（人） I want to be a tour guide in the future. tourist guide 游客指南 If you go to a foreign country,its a good idea to buy a tourist guide.9.worse still = whats more10.not at all He doesnt know me at all.11.average n./adj. on average be of average height12.receive v. I havent received his letterfor a long time. recipt n.13.terrible adj. I feel terrible. terribly adv. I m terribly sorry.14.electronic adj./n. an electronic dictionary electrical adj. 与电有关的 electric adj. 耗电的 eletricity n. 电；电学15.record v./n. recording n. recorder n.16.wage n. 周薪 get a low wage salary 月薪 income 年薪17.Canada n. he has lived in Canada for a long time. Canadian adj./n.18.hair solon19.be pleased with = be satisfied with20.expect v. expect to do sth expect to do expect sb. to do sth want to do want sb. to do sth hope to do hope (that) sb. will do sth. wish to do wish (that) sb. would do21.attend v. = go to attend school attendant n. a room attendant22.Hyde Park23.go to sp. With sb.24.at the Speakers Corner25.take a taxi26.wait for a long time27.look pleased 28.No wonder + 句子29.give sb. tips about tipping30.include a service charge31.thank sb. for sth. Thank you for your custom. be thankful to sb.for sth.32.in the West33.for example34.tip between ten and twenty precent of the bill35.There is no tipping in cafeteria36.at fast food restaurant37.be for 赞同 be against 反对38.sorry 的答句：Thats OK. Thank you 的答句：Thats OK. Thats all right. Thats all right. It doesnt matter. Youre welcome. Never mind. Its a pleasure Dont mention it. Not at all. My pleasure二、句型、语法:1.few / a few 修饰复数名词 I have a few friends here. Im new here, so Ihave few friends. Little / a little 修饰单数名词 No hurry.Theres still a little time left. Be quick. Theres little time left.2.比较状语从句的连词（1）as + adj. / adv. 的原级+ as （2）比较级 + than 比较级前常用的七个词：far,much,still,even,a little,a bit,a lotUnit 1 Lesson 3Eating out一、餐厅用语1.Have you booked a table?2.This way ,please.3.Heres the menu.4.Whats your speciality? Steak.Its fantastic.5.May I take your order?6.Well have for starter/main courses/dessert/drink.7.How would your like your steak?Rare ,medium,or well-down?8.How would your like your coffee?Black or white?With milk and sugar,please. 9.Coming right up.10.May I have the bill?=Let me have the bill.11.Its my treat.=Its all on me.12.Lets go Dutch ,shall we?13.At least let me leave the tip,will you?14.Thank you for your custom.Please call again.15.Service charge not included.二、常用短语1.eat out = dinner out 2.Lets eat out to celebrate Toms birthday today.3.We usually eat out at weekends.4.go Ducth=pay for ones own bill.5.treat sb. to sth.6.She treated us to dinner.7.He treated us to ice-cream.8.be thankful to sb.for sth.9.at least = no lwss than10.at most = not more than11.more and more beautiful12.read the following / remember the following13.give an intoduction plete meal15.soft drink16.hot dog 17.mineral water18.fruit juice / app;e juice / orange juice19.chocolate milk20.pay the bill21.pay sb. money for sth.22.start for sp. = go to sp. = leave for sp. = set out for sp. = set off for sp.23.have sth. for breakfast / lunch / supper / starter / main course / dessert24.be fond of = like25.among在三个或以上或物中间 / between 在两者之间26.A policeman is standing among a group of people.27.There is a railway line between the two cities.28.during ones stay in London三、词性转化1.main adj. main course / main point2.mainly adv. talk mainly about / come mainly from3.special adj. a special card4.specially adv.5.speciality n.6.thank n. many thanks = a lot of thanks7.thank v. Thank you very much for your help.8.thankful adj. Im thankful to Lily for her advice.9.thankfully roduce v. May I introduce myself?11.Introduction n. 12. attend v. attendant n. 13. rare adj. rarely adv.14. start v. / n. Well start in a moment.starter n. What would you like for your starter?complete adj./v. a complete mealcompletely adv. I have completely finished my homework.四、语法 结果状语从句 So that 是连接结果状语从句的连接词。表示如此以至于能 / 不能 常用句型为：肯定句 so 形容词/副词 that 人称（主格）can / could do sh. 否定句 so 形容词/副词 that 人称（主格）cannot / could not do sh. 要点：（1）主语和从句人称一致时，可以省略for sb. ,that 后的人称，for 后的人称是宾格。 （2）以物作主语的结果状语从句，改成含不定式的简单句时，不定式后要省略宾语。 （3）结果状语从句的主从句的时态要保持一致。Unit 2 Lesson 1Idioms with Body PartsEnglish idioms Meaning1.You should stand on your own. You should be independent.2.You should learn it by heat. You should momorize it.3.Hes pulling your leg. Hes kidding.4.It will cost an arm and a leg. It will cost a lot.5.Im all thumbs. Im cluszy.6.Shes got him under her thumb. She controls him.7.You just hit the nail on the head. You are right.8.I see pretty well eye to eye with you. I quite agree with you.9.I have a green thumbs. Im good at gardening.10.Hes all ears. Hes listening attentively.11.It goes in one ear and out the other. They dont take it seriously.一、词组1.have a discussion about sth2.English idioms3.with the help of sb = with ones help4.express oneself municate with sb by body languags6.know the truth / tell me the truth7.tell me the truly what you mon gestures / knowledge / languages9.take sth seriously 10.nod ones head11.shake ones head12.put ones index finger up to ones lips13.ask sb to do sth14.be quiet15.on the other hand16.buring trouble to sb17.carry different meaning in different people18.join the thumb and index finger in a circle19.a popular way of doing sth20.read sth as二、词性转换1. discuss v. discussion n.2. mean v.meaning n.meaningful adj.3. attention n.attentive adj.attentively adv.4. express v. Expression n.5. serious adj.seriously adv.6. garden v.&n.gardening n.gardener n.7. common monly adv.8. usual adj. unusualusually adj. 9. general adj. generally adv. generally speaking10.vivid adj. vividly adv.11.independent adj. dependent independence n. dependence12.recite v. recitation n.三、句型、语法as soon as 引导的时间状语从句as soon as 是连接时间状语从句的连接词之一。表示“一就”。强调两个动作的连贯性。时态应运用（1）主将从现或（2）主过从过/过完，常不与进行时连用。时间状语从句的其他连接词有when (当时候)，while（与同时），after（在以后），before（在以前），since（自从），until（直到才）等。时态有主将从现的用法。主句从句的位置即可以放前也可以放后：主句+连接词+从句；连接词+从句，主句。Unit 2 Lesson 2Exhisitions and Museums一、常用短语1.National Treasures Exhibition is on = on show2.ancient Chinese Paintings ang calligraphy3.at the City Museum4.a big hit5.a paintingfrom the Tang Dynasty6.When and where shall we meet?7.at the antrance to the theatre / hall8.Thats fine / OK / all right with me9.open to the public at 8am When does it open?be / stay / keep open to the public from 8amto 8pm How long is it open?10.every piece of work11.the booking office = the ticket office12.as well Im a student as welltoo Im student too.also Im also a student.13.when and where14.It opens at 9:00. = It doesnt open until 9:0015.this coming Saturday16.How about sth / doing sth?=What about How about going out for a walk?17.the World Expo with a theme18.a global event19.from beginning to end20.in the mid-nineteenth century21.exchange ideas22.develop the world economy,science and technology23.be called24.the Olympic Games of science and Technology25.host the World Expo = hold the World Expo26.at that time 27.the greatest power = the greatest country28.in order to do sth. in order not to do sth.so as to do sth. so as not to do sth to do sth. not to do sth.29.one and a half centuries = one century and a halftwo hours and a half = two and a haf hours30.a top-class event top students = best students31.win a bid32.a developing country / a developed country33.be proud of =take pride in34.since then （现在完成时） From then on （一般过去时）二、词性转化1.visit n. pay a visit to sp. visit v. visit our school visitor n.2.price n. priceless adj.3.enter v. entrance n.4.music n. musician n. musical n. / adj.5.exhibit n. / v. exhibitionn.6.globe n. global adj.7.change n. / v. exchange v. changeable adj.8.economy n. economical adj. economic ud adj. pride duct n. produce v. produxtion n.11.advance n. / v. advanced adj.12.power n. powerful adj. powerfully adv.13.develop v. development n. developing adj. developed adj.14.open v. open adj. opening n.三、语法1. since 的用法：引导时间状语从句，意为“自从” 没有since 的句子中用一般过去时，动词必须是持续性动词。含有since 的句子中用一般过去时，动词必须是瞬间动词。在It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 从句（用一般过去时）2. until(与持续性动词连用) 与not until (与瞬间动词连用) Both parents and children kept their presents until Christmas. Parents and children didnt give their present until Christmas.Unit 2 Lesson 3Wonder of the World一、单词、笔记1.wonder n. The Great Wall is one of the seven wonders on the world. v. I wonder whether he will come or not. wonderful adj. The highrises look wonderful. wonderfully adv. The girl danced wonderfully.2.Egypt n. Pyramids are located in Egypt. Egyptian n. I wonder how the ancient Egyptians built the pusramids.3.the Nile River the Pacific the West Lake4.king / queen empperor n. / empress n.5.die v, He died yesterday. dead adj, The old man has been dead for two years. death n. We were surprised at his death. dying adj. Take the dying person to hospital at once.6.cover n. Where is the cover of the tea cup? v. 动作 He covered his face with both hands.be covered with 状态 The ground is covered with snow.cover an area of China covers an area of 9.6 million square killometers. Discover v. Who discovered the new land? Discovery n. Who made the discovery ?7.foot-feet(pl)8.bemade of consist of be made of （原材料未变）be made from （原材料改变）be made in （由某地制造）be made by （由某人制造）9.weigh v. Let me weigh the parcel.weight n. Whats your weight?=How much do you weight?=How heavy are you? 10.thousands of stars 前面没有数字“s”,“of”一起加 two thousand students 前面有数字“s”,“of”都不用 two thousand of the tect v. protect A from B protection n.12.alive keep the fish alive live adj. a live broadcast lively adj. His class is lively and intersting. living adj. living things 13.to this day 14.long adj. The bridge is 3km long. length n. The bridge is 3km in length.15.high adj. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower is 486 meters high. height n. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower is 486 meters in height.16.Europe n. Britain is located in Europe. European n. Britain is a European country.17.thick adj. The book is 3cm thick.thickness n. The book is 3cm in thickness.18.deep adj. The river is 2 meters deep.depth n. The river is 2 meters in depth. 19.India n. India is the second largest country in Asia. Indian adj./n. Can you sing some Indian songs?20.wind ones way21.pass v. Pass me the ball passenger n. Hello, passenger.22.in fact = as a matter of fact23. finally= at last = in the end24.with / without25.wind n. / windly adj. 26.wise n. / wisedom n.27.add v. / addition n.28.build v. / building n. / rebuild 29.locate v. / location n.30.work on the pyramids31.over = more than二、句型、语法1.It is + 数量 + 单位 + long / wide / high / tall / thick = It is + 数量 + 单位 + in length / width / height / thickness / weight2.Near the Nile River stand the famous pyramids.Near the Nile River stands the Great pyramid.3.In order to keepthe the bodies of their kings and queens, they built the pyramid.4.Among them, the Great Pyramid is largest.5.used to do sth. = often did sth. in the past 过去常常做某事 be / get / become used to doing / n. 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事6.nearly / almost nearly 不能与否定词连用（no,nothing,never none hardly）,almost可以。7.冠词的用法 （1）a / an 的用法与单词的读音有关，与单词的首字母无关：an“f”,a“u”. （2）The用于第二次提到 / 特指 / 最高级 / 序数词 / 独一无二 / 江河湖海山川 / 方位 / 乐器 / 发明物 / 姓氏 / the rich / the poor （3）不用