自考英语二复习精要.doc

自考乐园-心境随缘，诚与天下自考人共勉！自考乐园-分享快乐，你的快乐老家！自考乐园-引领成功，你的精神乐园！自考乐园俱乐部，专注于自考，致力于成为全国最全，最优的自考学习交流，资料共享平台.英语二复习精要UNIT 31、word studyrequest,ensure,oppose,burden,open up requestn./vt.请求，要求request后面接for，表示要求的对象；“根据要求”为by(或on) request；“应。之要求”则为at sbs request。He made a request for immediate help.他要求立即给予帮助。Minibuses stop by request.小公共汽车招手即停。Instructions will be sent immediately on(upon) request.说明将按要求立即寄出。The singer gave one more song at our request.歌唱家在我们的要求下又唱了一首歌。Your silence is requested.请勿说话。 ensurevt.保证，担保ensure后面接against或from，表示“保证。免于。”；后面接to或for，则表示“保证。具有。”。We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way.我们可以保证把工作做好。The police can ensure the witness against (或from) danger.警察能保证证人免受危险。This measure ensure to (或for) us a voice in the matter.这项措施使我们在这件事上具有发言权。 opposevt.1、反对，反抗；2、使相对，使对抗（to）Many people opposed building a new highway because of the great cost.由于代价过于高昂，许多人都反对修一条新公路。To the difficulties she opposed a will of iron.她用钢铁般的意志对待困难。What he said was totally opposed to the facts.他说的与事实完全相反。We are firmly opposed to this dirty political deal.我们坚决反对这场肮脏的政治交易。 burdenn.1、担子，负担；2、责任，义务She bore the whole burden of raising two children.她一个人负起抚养两个孩子的全部责任。The burden of running the factory is too heavy for his failing health.管理这家工厂的重担对他日益恶化的健康来说是太重了。vt.使负重担；麻烦，劳累The mother was burden with worries.妈妈忧心忡忡。Students are heavily burdened with home assignments.学生家庭作业负担过重。 open up1、打开；2、开办，开辟，开发；3、坦诚地或无拘无束地谈话They opened up his stomach to get at the source of the trouble.他们给他的胃开了刀，以找出病根。They opened up a mine in the remote areas.他们在那个偏远地区开了矿。They decided to open up a business in the town.他们决定在城里开一家店。The girl decided to open up and tell us everything.这个女孩决定坦诚地告诉我们一切。2、常考句型1、范万德尔重病在身，再也不能说清楚话，他知道他没有康复的希望，身体状况正在急剧恶化。P2Affected with a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.2、在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前，范万德尔生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下来，去年在荷兰电视上首次播出。P3Van Wendels last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.3、从那时开始，已有20多个国家买下了这个节目，每次播放都引起了对这一话题的全国性大辩论。P3The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.4、那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我，临终者没有这个权利。P9What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right.3、习题1.词汇英译汉. weaken . deteriorate .debate . legal. request . criterion . ensure . oppose tradition consideration disabled . burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive词组：. to debate on . to make request for be opposed to . to take into account2.句子英译汉（重点句）Affected with a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. Van Wendels last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering , that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia .I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable. 3.句子汉译英 P.59安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。Euthanasia can really help rid the dying patients of extreme suffering .Euthanasia does release the dying people from their suffering .你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家?Do you know that the Netherlands is the only country in Europe that permits euthanasia ?支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。Those doctors who support the idea never mean they dont care about / for patients .在第一个医生诊断疾病之后，必须由另外一名医生确认病情。After the first doctor has diagnosed the illness , a second doctor must confirm the case .反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命，可能请求之后另有他求。Opponents think patients may not really want to end their lives, and probably there is another request behind the request .4、历年试题1. The film _（show） Cees Van Wendels death was both moving and sensitive. （99.10）答案： showing . 考点：showing 是现在分词作定语修饰the film . 2. Each time the programmer of Van Wendals last days before euthanasia was showed on TV, it starts a nationwide debate _ the subject. （99.10）A. for B. against C. on D. of 答案： C . 考点：词组debate on 对 的争论。3. 汉译英：每次播放这个节目，都引起对此话题的全国性大辩论。（99.10）答案： Each time it is shown , this program starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4. 汉译英 ： 据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。（00.10）答案： The patient is said to have asked the doctor to help him die. （ 或者： It is said that the patient has asked the doctor to help him die .）UNIT 41、word studyexploit,campaign,execute,deserve,status,bring over exploitvt.1、开发，开采；2、利用；3、剥削A mine is exploited for its minertals.开发矿山是为了采矿。The student exploits every possibility to learn English.这个学生利用一切可能性学英语。The company exploited its workers with long hours and low pay.该公司用长工时、低工资的方法来剥削工人。 campaignn.1、战役；2、运动，参选运动The Huai-Hai Campaign was essential to the victory of the War of Liberation.淮海战役对解放战争的胜利至关重要。Our country is launching a campaign against waste.我们国家正在开展反浪费运动。His presidential campaign succeeded and he won the election.总统竞选运动取得成功，他当选了。vi.参加运动，参加竞选活动They were campaigning to keep the local school open.他们为使当地学校不致关闭而奔走活动。The candidates for president campaigned by sending out letters to voters and speaking at public meeting.总统候选人通过向选民发信和群众集会上讲演来竞选。vt.使。参加运动；对。进行活动Joan is campaigning the government for equal rights for women.琼对政府进行活动，要求给予妇女同等权利。 executevt.1、实行，执行，完成，贯彻；2、将。处死All orders were immediately executed.所有的命令都立即执行了。Your order will be executed as early as possible.你的命令将尽早执行。The pianist executed the piece of music perfectly.这位钢琴家把这首曲子演奏得完美极了。The criminal was executed after the trial.审判后罪犯即被处死。 deservevt.应受，值得（宾语可用名词，动词或动词不定式）He certainly deserves praise.他的确应受表扬。Our band deserves ranking with the best in this country.我们的乐队在国内当之无愧属于一流。He deserves to be sent to prison.他应该被送去坐牢。由deserve变成的形容词deserving后边用介词of。The robber is deserving of capital punishment.这个强盗应处极刑。The old man was really deserving of pity.那个老人家实在值得可怜。 statusn.1、情形，状况；2、地位，身份We should be always aware of the status of world affairs.我们应该时刻关注世界形势。None will question his status as a scholar.没有人会怀疑他的学者身份。We should raise the status of women in society.我们应该提高妇女的社会地位。 bring over1、把。带来；2、使转变Next summer he hopes to bring his family over from the united states.他希望明年夏天把家属从美国带来。My father is always trying to bring me over to his way of thinking.我的父亲总想使我接受他的思想方法。2、重点句型1、据估计，有20000多海外来的家庭佣人在英国工作。P1There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. There be 表存在的句型。2、在这20000人中，将近2000人正受着她们的雇主的剥削和虐待。P1Of these 20,000, just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.3、在今年早些时候的几个广为报道的事例中，全世界女佣的悲惨处境得到新闻媒体的很大关注。P3The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.4、一名菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪而在新加坡遭处决，尽管各地都抗议说她的犯罪事实不能充分确定。P3A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.5、 她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份十分微薄的工资。P5She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.6、因为她发现很难养活自己的4个孩子，所以接受了一件在伦敦当佣人的工作。P5Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.7、因此如果她们提出申诉，她们就有被驱逐出境的危险。So if they do complain, they risk being deported.3、习题1.单词英译汉domestic，statistic，diplomat，exploit，campaign，execute，convict，despite，deserving，shelf，minimum，status，deport，2.句子英译汉（1）There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. （2）Of these 20,000 , just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. （3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. （4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. （5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. （6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. （7）So if they do complain , they risk being deported.（8）This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18, getting employees to read and understand an advice leaflet, getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions, and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job (of which the employees should see a copy).（9）For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions is that they do not have independent immigrant status and so cannot change employer.（10）It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery. 3.句子汉译英（1）处理有关事务的政府部门没有做统计。The government department that deals with relevant affairs does not keep statistics.（2）正因为她无法养家才同意做家仆。It was because she found it difficult to feed her family that she accepted a job working as a domestic.（3）她是一名沙特外交官直接从菲律宾雇到伦敦来工作的。She was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London .（4）家仆的工作状况得到了新闻媒介的关注。The conditions of working as domestics have received media attention .（5）雇主们总是威胁要把我们遣送回国。The employers always threatened to send us back to our countries.4、历年试题1. When they get out of prison, they _(increase) the level of their criminal behavior. 答案：will increase . 考点：时间状语从句中主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。从句谓语动词是get 一般现在时，所以从句用will increase 。 2.At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measure to help_domestic workers from abuse by their employers. A. protect B. suspect C. expect D. inspect 答案是：A . 考点是：protect from 保护 免受 3. _their differences, they fell passionately in love with each other. A. As for B. Owing to C. Despite D. Through 答案：C . 考点：despite 表示让步的关系。本句的意思是：尽管他们之间有分歧，但他们彼此深爱对方。 Translation 1. 许多家庭佣人受到雇主的剥削和虐待。 答：Many domestic servants are exploited and abused by their employers. 2. 自去年以来，女佣们的悲惨境况已受到媒体密切关注。 答：The bad condition of the woman servants has received much media attention since last year. 3. 他经常威胁我，说要将我遣送回国。 答： He always threatened that he would send me back to my country. 4. 她曾在一家茶叶厂工作，工资很低。 答： She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory. 5. 据估计有两万多名外国家佣在英国工作。 答： It is estimated that there are more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain.UNIT 51、word studytransformation,originate,penetrating,take over,take on transformationn.1、变化，转化；2、改造，改革His brain operation caused a great transformation in his character.脑手术大大改变了他的性格。The transformation of a backward country into an advanced country requires the painstaking efforts of several generations.将一个落后的国家改变为发达国家需要几代人的艰苦努力。The social and political transformation of a country is essential to the development of the society.一个国家的社会和政治改革对社会的发展非常重要。 originatevi./vt.发源；发生，发起All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。The use of steam originated many other reforms.蒸汽的使用引起了许多其它的革新。 penetratinga.1、穿透的，贯穿的；2、深刻的，透彻的They walked against the penetrating wind.他们迎着刺骨的寒风行走。Her penetrating voice frightened the little boy.她刺耳的嗓子把小男孩吓坏了。Swifts works were most penetrating and powerful.斯威夫特的作品极为深刻有力。 take over1、接管，接任；2、把。从一处运到另一处The young doctor has taken over duties of the old.年轻医生已接替了老医生的工作。When Mr.Green retired, his son took over the business from him.格林先生退休后，由他儿子接管他的生意。Mr.Brown took me over to the island in his steamboat.布朗先生用他的汽艇把我送到该岛。 take on1、具有，担任（工作等）；2、雇佣The disease took on some special characteristics.那种疾病具有一些特殊的特征。He has taken on a new job.他已承担了一项新工作。The employer takes on twenty more workers.那位雇主又雇佣了20名工人。2、重点句型1、新音乐是从已有的音乐中产生的。P1The new music was built out of materials already in existence.2、民间音乐，既有古老又有现代的，在大学生中颇为流行。P1Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students.3、他们自由地吸收爵士乐、美国乡村音乐的成分。P2They freely took over elements from jazz, from American country music.4、在家里欣赏唱片的时候，听众尽力模仿照明效果。P4With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could.3、习题（一）单词、词组英译汉musician rhythmic distinct consciousness originate readily instrument electronic thereby passive participant to take place to take over to take on in a senseat a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of （二）英译汉1.The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2.Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students. 3.They freely took over elements form jazz, from American country music. 4.With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 5.In a sense, men of this kind begin not so much with a musical theme as with a completed composition.6.Most composers since Beethovens day belong to this second type.7.Men like Palestrina and Bach belong in this category.（三）汉译英这一章是关于热能转化成动力的。The chapter is about the transformation of heat into power.一群人自发地聚集在事故现场。A group of people got together spontaneously at the scene of theaccident.这次争吵是由误会引起的。The quarrel originated from a misunderstanding. 1949年后，军队接管了这个城市。The army took over this city after 1949.为了你的健康，你不应该承担太繁重的工作。For your health,you should avoid taking on too much work. 4、历年试题1. In the process of composition , it isnt easy to be inspired in a spontaneous way for long periods_a stretch. A. at B. for C. over D. in 答案是a 。 考点：词组at a stretch 一口气，连续不断的 2.汉译英新音乐是由业已存在的材料构建出来的。 答案：The new music was built out of material already in existence. 3. 汉译英：那时在大学生中流行的正是民间音乐。 答案：It was folk music that was popular among college students at that time. 4. 汉译英：不用说我们现在已不是生活在传统社会。 答案： It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society. 1. 新音乐起源于布鲁斯、摇滚乐和民间音乐。 答： The new music originated from blues, rock and roll and folk music. 2. 民间音乐表现和平、友谊和希望。 答： Folk music expresses peace, friendship and hope. 3. 他们已不再是被动的听众而是积极的参与者。 答： Instead of passive audience, they have become active participants. 4. 他们自由地从不同的音乐来源中吸取元素。 答： They freely took over elements form diverse music sources. 5. 新音乐采取多种形式，几乎具有无限的表现力。 答：The new music may take on various forms and be capable of expressing an almost limitless range. UNIT 61、word studyspray,cast,expose,switch,critical sprayn.1、水花，浪花；2、喷雾，喷雾状物The spray of the waterfall is very beautiful.瀑布的水花飞溅，非常漂亮。A spray of bullets hit the tree behind which he was hiding.一阵喷射的子弹打中了他藏身其后的那棵树。vt.喷，向。喷射，喷涂Fruit trees are sprayed regularly.果树应定期喷上杀虫剂。The students sprayed questions at the teacher.学生们连珠炮似的向老师提出一个又一个问题。 castvt.1、投，扔，抛，掷（at）；2、投射（光，影，视线等）（on,at）；3、浇铸，铸造The boy cast a stone at the dog.那个男孩向那条狗扔了块石头。His words cast a new light on the problem.他的话题使人们对这个问题有了新的认识。The robot can cast steel after being reprogrammed.在重新设定程序之后，机器人能浇铸钢材。n.1、投，掷；2、模具；3、演员（阵容）The Beijing Theatre of Peoples Art has a very strong cast.北京人民艺术剧院有很强大的演员阵容。 exposevt.1、使暴露，使面临；2、揭露，揭发The works were exposed to all kinds of weather.工人们经受风吹雨打。We should be aware of the dangers of exposing children to violence on TV.我们应当意识到儿童接触有关暴力电视节目的危害。He has been widely exposed to the public on the television.他经常在电视上向公众露面。The mistakes of the past must be exposed without any reserve.对以前的错误一定要毫无保留地揭发。 switchn.1、开关，转换器；2、（思路、话题等的）转换It is two-way switch.这是个双向开关。He has made a switch of support from one political party to another.他已从支持一个政党转而支持另一个政党。vi.1、转换，改变（思路、话题等）；2、接通。电流（on），切断。电流（off）We switched the discussion to another topic.我们换了一个讨论题目。Entering the room, he switched the light on.一进房间，他就把灯打开了。vt.转换，变换（switch(over)to）He switched (over) to medicine and graduated in 1980.他改学医科，于1980年毕业。 criticala.1、批评（性）的，批评（性）的；2、对。表示谴责，对。感到不满的（of）；3、紧要的，关键性的，危急的He is a man with a critical eye.他是一个具有批判眼光的人。It takes years to develop ones critical ability.培养评论能力要很长时间。The old man was critical of the boys impolite behaviour.那个老人不满意男孩的不礼貌行为。The patients condition is critical.病人情况危急。2、重点句型1、目前多数机器人用于汽车工业，它们按编制的程序承担轿车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作。P2Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.2、机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用的程度低一些。P3Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. 现在分词短语作定语3、在核电站使用的机器人处理放射性材料，避免人员接触放射性物质。P3The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.4、机器人于自动化机器不同之处在于机器人完成某一特定任务后，可由计算机重新编制程序去完成另一项任务。P4Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.5、在微电子和计算机技术上有专长的工程人员正研制机器人的人工视觉。P5Engine