初二英语(下册)知识点识记

1 Unit 1 E pals Lesson 1 知识点识记知识点识记 1 pal n 伙伴 朋友 可数名词 pals v 结成好友 palled palling pal with sb 2 e pal n 网友 e pals an e pal 3 dear adj 亲爱的 adj 贵的 同义词 expensive 反义词 cheap dear 也可作感叹词 表示 啊 天哪 哎呀 注 dear 指本身并不见得贵 但与同类物品的价格相比而显得 贵 expensive 指虽物有所值 但超出 购买者支付能力的 贵 4 e mail n 电子邮件 e mails an e mail electronic mail E mail Email email v 给 发电子邮件 5 send v 寄 送 sends sending sent sent 反义词 receive send sb sth send sth to sb 送某人某物 send sb to do sth 派某人做某事 动作尚未发生 send sb sth doing 使得 动作已经发生的 send for 派人去叫 send up 发射 往上送 send in 提交 发送 send a message 捎信 send goods 发货 send mails 发邮件 6 hear about 听说 听到关于某人或某事的消息 hear of 听说 只是听说知道而已 直接指其对象 hear from 收到 的来信 7 write wrote written 写 write to write to sb 给 写信 Write a letter to sb write to sb a letter 8 be come from 来自于 9 say 说 强调 说 的内容 后面不能用人做宾语 speak 说 做及物动词时 宾语是语言或词语之类的词 做不及物动词 意思是 说话 会议正式 发言用 speak speak to sb 同某人说话 talk 漫谈 讨论 talk to with sb 同某人交谈 talk about sth 谈论某事 tell 告诉 讲述 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不做某事 10 want sth 想要某物 Want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 11 That s right 是这样的 That s nice 那很好 I m happy 我很快乐 12 too 也 用于肯定句 在句末 且前面用逗号隔开 also 也 用于肯定句 在 be 动词 助动词或情态动词之后 行为动词之前 as well 也 放在句尾 同 also too 可做同义句转换 either 也 用于否定句 只放在句末 且前面用逗号隔开 本课短语识记 本课短语识记 hear about 得知 听说 write an e mail to sb 给某人写一封电子邮件 talk to sb 和某人交谈 be come from 来自于 my new Amerian e pal 我的美国新网友 send sb an e card 给某人发一封电子贺 2 卡 语法专项 一 语法专项 一 定语从句 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的句子 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词 定语从句作定语一般放在先行词的后面 引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词或关系副词 关系代词 that which who whom whose 关系副词 when where why that 指人 物 在句中充当主语 表语 以及宾语 作宾语时可省略 who 指人 在从句中充当主语 which 指物 在从句中充当主语 以及宾语 作介宾时不可省略 动宾可省略 whom 指人 在从句中充当宾语 充当动宾可省略 介宾不可省略 whose 意为 的 指人或物 所有格用法 注 1 先行词为 one ones anyone those 指代人时 关系代词只能用 who 不能用 that 例句分析 1 The man who is smoking is my father 2 This is the pen that he bought yesterday 一 单项选择 1 Dad I m writing an e pal my e pal Oh the one who is from China A with B about C to 2 Tim has already about Liu Chang s friend A saw B heard C smelt 3 Is that the girl likes playing the flute Yes she is A whom B which C who 4 Tim is talking to someone is writing an e mail A that B which C who 5 Did you hear your brother who lives in New York Yes I received it two days ago A to B about C from 6 I his illness A hear of B hear about C hear from 7 The teachers smiling are our teachers A that B which C who 8 Yao Ming is one of the player who basketball very well A plays B play C playing 9 Jack there is someone in the office would like to speak with you A that B whom C who 10 I am very happy today because e pal sent e mail to me A an a B a an C an an 三 句型转换 按要求进行转换 每空一词 1 The boy likes science He comes from Australia 改为定语从句 The boy likes science from Australia 2 He s writing a letter to his friend 变为同义句 He s writing friend 3 I always send her an e card on Christmas Day 对划线部分提问 I always an e card her on Christmas Day 4 He turned on the radio He listened to the weather report 改为定语从句 3 He turned on the radio to the weather report Unit 1 E pals Lesson 2 知识点识记知识点识记 1 textbook n 课本 教科书 textbooks 2 join v 参加 加入 某党派 团体等组织 join the army the Party the League 参军 入党 入团 join sb 加入某人的群体 成为其中的一员 join in 参加 加入 某项活动 take part in 3 each 1 adj 每个 各个 作单数可数名词的定语 Each child 2 pron 各自 每个 each of 每一个 each other 互相 作主语时 谓语动词一般用单数 Each of them 4 travel v 旅行 travels travelled travelled traveler traveller 旅行者 游客 travel to sp 去某地旅行 travel around sp 环游某地 n 旅行 travels 近义词 trip journey journey 通常指在陆地上由一地到另一地的旅行 也指旅行的路程 trip 是非正式用语 通常指段距离旅行 5 term n 学期 terms this last next term 本学期 上学期 下学期 the fist the second our fist our second 第一 第二 我们的第一 我们的第二学期 6 someone pron 某个人 有人 somebody some one 某一个 7 seem v 看起来像 seem 形容词 名词 seem like 好像 seem to do be 好像 It seems that 从句 8 California n 加利福尼亚 美国的州名 Calif 缩 Californian adj 加利福尼亚州的 加利福尼亚州人的 n 加利福尼亚州人 9 make friends 交朋友 make friends with 与 交朋友 10 interest v 感兴趣 have take show an great interest in 对 很 感兴趣 have take show no interest in 对 不感兴趣 n 兴趣 不可数 a place of interest 风景名胜 interested adj 感兴趣的 more the most interested be become interested in n pron doing 对某事感兴趣 interesting adj 有趣的 令人感兴趣的 物 事 more the most interesting be interesting to sb 对某人来说很有兴趣 11 sandwich n 三明治 sandwiches a cheese sandwich 乳酪三明治 make a sandwich 做三明治 a chicken sandwich 鸡肉三明治 a ham sandwich 火腿三明治 a jam sandwich 果酱三明治 12 be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事 4 13 hope to do sth 希望做某事 本课短语识记 本课短语识记 our second school term 我们的第二学期 the new school term 新学期 the first day of 第一天 join the English club 加入英语俱乐部 join our class 加入我们班 travel around Thailand 环游泰国 travel to China 旅行到中国 in March 在三月 get to know 了解 seem ill 好像病了 in class 在班级 speak about 说出来 all of my classmates 我所有的同学 Let s each have one 让我们一人一个 each of us 我们每个人 lots of 许多 last year 去年 随堂习题 随堂习题 一 单项选择 1 There are 2 sandwiches Let s have one A every B each C both 2 Each in the shop is interesting to her A toy B toys C toies 3 Is everybody interested in you Yes of them are A both B all C neither 4 I am fifteen and in my second year middle school A in B on C of 5 The boy is new Let s friends with him A take B do C make 6 Each of us a new textbook A has B have C had 7 She seemed because she bought a new coat A happy B happiness C happily 8 They seem the game soon A to win B winning C win 9 I hope a good time in that place A have B having C to have 10 She will Thailand A travel to B travel around C both A and B 二 词形转换 用所给词的适当形式填空 1 I have a friend who to France last year travel 2 Our first school term in September start 3 Lucy saw lots of places that are in our textbook 4 I was happy my old classmates in class see 5 The old woman seemed very ill be 三 词汇辨析 使用所给的同义词或词组的适当形式填空 join take part in 1 He the army in 1949 2 We always the meeting 3 We are going to visit the flower show tomorrow Will you us 4 The children the English Evening and had a good time interest interesting interested 1 The story is to me 2 Tom showed great in music when he was young 5 3 He has no in reading the stories 4 We are so in China Unit 1 E pals Lesson 3 知识点识记知识点识记 1 e card n 电子贺卡 an e card e cards 2 happen v 发生 指事情的发生 往往带有 偶然 或 未能预见 的意思 happen to 名词 代词 发生在 上 happen to do be 碰巧做某事 同义词 take place 指事先布置或策划好而后发生 没有 偶然 的意味 It happens happened that 碰巧 恰好 3 practice v practise 英 practice doing sth 练习做 practice sth with sb 和某人练习 4 kick to the sea 把 踢到海里 5 give sb sth give sth to sb 给某人某物 本课短语识记 本课短语识记 the one from Canada 来自加拿大的那一个 get an e pal 得到一个网友 practice with 和 练习 a bungee jumper 蹦极者 get a lot of snow 有许多雪 fly an airplane 驾驶飞机 have meat in them 有肉在里 面 Lesson 4 知识点识记知识点识记 1 Europe n 欧洲 European adj 不用比较等级 欧洲的 欧洲人 欧洲人的 East ern Europe 东欧 West ern Europe 西欧 2 guitar n 吉他 六弦琴 guitars guitarist 吉他手 play the guitar play basketball soccer football baseball volleyball table tennis 打 踢篮球 足球 棒球 网球 乒乓球 play the piano violin flute 弹钢琴 拉小提琴 吹笛子 3 That s right 那是对的 That s all right 没关系 All right 好的 4 think of 1 想起 2 考虑 think about 考虑 think of think over 再三考虑 5 It s one s turn 该轮到某人啦 本课短语识记 本课短语识记 play the flute 吹笛子 hear about your e pal 听说你的网友 the girl who likes snowboarding 喜欢滑雪的女孩 cut into 把 切成 like to swim 喜欢游泳 tell me about that person 告诉我那个人 like sports 喜欢运动 think of someone 想起某人 tell me something about her 告诉我她的一些事 live in Qingdao 住在青岛 try again 再试一次 It s your turn 轮到你啦 from Europe Germany China 来自欧洲 德国 中国 随堂习题 随堂习题 一 单项选择 1 A car accident the old man last night A was happened B happened to C happens to 2 Mary hates playing football but she likes playing piano A the the B C the 3 My classmate told me something his pen pal A in B on C about 4 Many visitors Harbin every year 6 A visit to B visit C travel 5 He already to the south of China A visit to B visit C travel 语法专项语法专项 二 二 一 关系代词 的用法 先行词和关系词的关系 A plane is a machine that can fly the machine that The boy who broke the window is called Tom the boy who 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather the boy s whose 关系词 whose 实际上是先行词的所有格 1 A plane is a machine The machine can fly 2 The lady is Green We saw her yesterday 3 The eggs were not fresh I bought them yesterday 4 The friend was not hungry He came to supper last night 5 He prefers the cheese It comes from his parent s farm 6 The noodles were delicious You cooked them 7 I don t like the people They smoke a lot 8 The teacher praised the student His English is the best in our class 9 The house is mine The window of the house is broken 关系副词和先行词的关系 I still remember the day when I came here on the day when This is the house where I lived last year in the house where There are many reasons why people like traveling for the reasons why The school where I study is far from my home 关系代词指人指物主语宾语 that which who whom 7 in the school where 关系副词实际上是介词 先行词 注 1 who 指人 在句中作主语或宾语 whom 做宾语 如连接代词前有介词时 只能用 whom 2 whose 是代词的所有格 它通常情况下指人 3 关系代词在从句中做主语时 从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数由先行词决定 4 只能用 that 做关系代词的情况 1 当先行词是不定代词时 如 All few little much every something anything everything 等 2 当先行词被 the only the very the same 修饰时 3 当先行词被 little few no any 等修饰时 4 当人和物合做先行词时 5 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 6 在疑问词 who which what 开头的句子中 7 当先行词是 the one 时 定定 语语 从从 句句 练练 习习 练习 一 请分析一下定语从句 请划出定语从句 并标出先行词 1 Check the ways you study for an English test 2 Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar 3 You couldn t understand people who talked fast 4 I have some ideas that may help 5 They said something you didn t like 6 Can you think of any problems you have had recently 8 He would always take pride in everything good I do 9 My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school 10 What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey 12 If you know anyone else who collects them please tell me 13 Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries 14 If you know someone you know doing this you can ask them 15 All I ever wanted to do was traveling 二 用关系代词填空 that which who whom whose 1 This is the man wants to see you 2 The student answered the question is Zhang Hua 3 The man you went to see has come 4 The man I met yesterday lent me some money 5 The woman you saw is our geography teacher 6 The runner you are asking about is over there 7 The person you should write to is Mr Ball 8 The man was passing by saw what happened 9 Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday 10 He did all everything he could to help me 10 We talked about the men and the things we remembered at school 8 12 He is the only man can do the work 13 This is the first thing I want to say 14 He is the finest man I have ever worked with 15 Who is the man spoke to you at the gate 16 Which is the star is nearest to the earth 17 Is there anything else you want to say 18 Any person has the money can join the group 19 He often speaks the role he played in the play made others upset 20 He opened the door in front of sat a boy 21 The man to I spoke is a famous scientist 22 The boy mother is dead was brought up by his father 23 These books you lent me were very useful 24 The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten 25 A clock is a machine tells people the time 26 This is shirt I bought yesterday 27 A dictionary is a book gives the meaning to the word 28 The book is on the table is mine 29 The film they are talking about is very interesting 30 I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited 31 Is there anyone family is in Beijing 32 Show me the boy mother is a well known singer 33 The boy father is a teacher is good at English 三 单项选择 1 Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady comes from Beijing A who B which C whom D whose 2 What s the name of the program A which are listening B you are listening to C to that you are listening D that you are listening 3 The students were all interested you told them yesterday A in which B in that this C all that D in everything 4 He was the only person in his office was invited A whom B whose C that D which 5 This is the museum we visited last year A where B in which C which D in that 6 Charlie told his mother all had happened A that B what C which D who 7 Do you know the student A whom I often talk B with who I often talk C I often talk with D that I often talk 8 I like the house windows face south A whose B who s C it s D its 9 9 Would you tell me where to get the dictionary A what I need B I need C which I need it D that I need it 10 The young woman I spoke just now is a young doctor A who B to whom C whom D that 语法专项 三 语法专项 三 定语从句特别说明 1 定语从句三步 第一找出先行词 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能 做主语 宾语或状语 第三选择合适的关联词 2 定语从句在选择关连词 that 与 which 的选择 1 只能使用 that 不用 which 的情况 a 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词最高级时 b 被修饰的先行词为 all any much many everything anything none the one 等不定代词时 c 先行词被 the only the very the same the last little few 等词修饰时 d 先行词里同时含有人或物时 e 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句 f 主句是 there be 结构 2 只用 which 不用 that 的情况 a 先行词为 that those 时 b 关系代词前有介词时 c 引导非限制性定语从句 3 who 指人 在从句中可做主语和宾语 whom 指人 在从句中只能做宾语 如果前面有介词只能用 whom 4 who which that 在从句中做主语时 谓语与先行词一致 5 whose 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 whose 指物时 常用以下结构来代替 例 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired 6 When where why 引导的定语从句 1 先行词表示时间 地点 原因 但关系词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时 应用关系代词 that 或 which This is the factory that which produces cars 作主语 This is the factory that which he visited yesterday 作宾语 2 关系副词有时相当于 适当的介词 关系代词 如 where in on which This is the room where in which he lives I can see the desk where on which there is a book when on in at which I still remember the year when in which I joined the Party 我仍然记得入党的那一年 I still remember the day when on which I joined the Party 我仍然记得入党的那一天 10 I still remember the date when at which I joined the Party 我仍然记得入党的那个日子 why for which This is the reason why for which he was killed 7 介词 关系代词 是一个普遍使用的结构 关系代词只可用 whom 或 which 不可用 that 或 who 关系代词 whom which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时 可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之 间 有时将介词置于定语从句的后面 如 That was the room in which we had lived for ten years That was the room which we had lived in for ten years 但 listen to look at take care of 等固定短语动词 在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开 例如 This is the boy whom she has taken care of 定定 语语 从从 句句 练练 习习 练习 二 一 一 适当的关系词填空 1 I still remember the night I first came to the house 2 I ll never forget the day we met each other last week 3 I will never forget the days I spent with your family 4 I ll never forget the last day we spent together 5 This is the school I used to study 6 Do you still remember the place we visited last week 7 Do you still remember the place we visited the painting exhibition 8 Who is the student was late for school today 9 He lives in the room window faces to the south 10 This is Mr John for I bought a book yesterday 11 This is the hour the place is always full of women and children 12 I hope you will find a beautiful place you may spend your weekend 二 把 下列单句合并成定语从句的复合句 1 The story book is good He is reading it 2 The watch is very nice He gave me the watch for my birthday 3 The teacher is named Li Hong She teaches us Chinese 4 This is the room We lived in last year 5 This is the reason He was late for school 三 单项选择 1 I don t know the reason she didn t agree to our study plan A when B why C who D that 2 This place you are standing was the site of an old church A who B which C where D that 3 We ll never forget the day the teacher came to see me in the hospital 11 A that B which C why D when 4 This is the school I worked seven years ago A in that B in which C which D that 5 This is the biffest tiger has ever been shown in the zoo A that B which C who D whom 6 yesterday I met Mr Zhang told me the good news A who B when C which D there Unit 2 Body Language Lesson 1 知识点识记知识点识记 1 body language 肢体语言 2 shake hands 握手 shakes shaking shook shaken shake one s head 摇头 shake hands with sb shake sb by the hand shake one s hand 和某人握手 3 wave v 飘动 摇动 wave at sb 朝 挥手 状态 wave to sb 朝 挥手 动作 n 波浪 波 挥动 a big wave 大浪 long waves 长波 medium waves 中波 short waves 短波 light waves 光波 radio waves 无线电波 sound waves 声波 a wave band 波段 4 point v 指向 指出 point at 指向某人 物 近距离 point to 指向某人 物 远距离 point out 指出 5 forward adv 向前 look forward to n pron doing 期待 盼望 6 just adv 正好 刚刚 just a moment 一小会儿 just now 刚才 过去时 just then 正在那时 过去时 adj 正义的 公正的 公平的 7 Hi there Hi there you are 啊 是你 8 look like 看起来像 look just like 看起来就像 look the same 看起来一样 look over 检查 9 stop doing sth 停止做某事 停止正在做的事情 stop to do sth 停止做某事 停止正在做的事情 然后去做另一件事 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做 10 go over 走过去 复习 仔细检查 本课短语识记 本课短语识记 body language 肢体语言 shake hands 握手 nice to meet you 很高兴见到你 Don t go forward 不要向前 走 look at that person 看那个人 want to meet them 想见他们 shake his head 摇头 point at someone 指 着某人 wave at him 向他挥手 Let s go over 让我们过去 that s too bad 那太糟糕啦 随堂习题 一 单项选择随堂习题 一 单项选择 1 Li Lei his mother A looks the same B looks like C look over 2 People often when they meet in many countries A shake their heads B shake their hands with each other C nod their heads 3 Let s just wave him A with B forward C at 4 Don t point others or they will think that you are rude A at B with C on 5 Jim and his mother she didn t agree to our study plan A looks the same B looks like C look for 6 When someone has a bad accident people will say 12 A He is lucky B That s too nice C That s too bad 7 How do people say look body language A with B using C both A and B 二 句型转换 1 He went over and shook her hand 同义句 He went over and shook her 2 He looks just like Andy Lau 同义句 He and Andy Lau 3 Go forward 否定句 go forward 4 The news is too bad 感叹句 news it is 5 He wants to meet us 同义句 He to meet us Unit 2 Body Language Lesson 2 知识点识记知识点识记 1 rude adj 粗鲁的 无理的 比较级 最高级 ruder rudest 反义词 polite 礼貌的 rudeness n 粗鲁 be rude to sb 对某人粗鲁 无礼 a rude reply 粗鲁的答复 rude behavior words 粗鲁的举止 语言 a rude talk 粗鲁的交谈 rude in manner 举动粗鲁 2 mistake n 错误 复数 mistakes make a mistake mistakes 犯错误 a little mistake 小错 by mistake 错误地 find a mistake 发现错误 make mistakes with 在 方面犯错误 v 弄错 误解 mistakes mistaking mistook mistaken mistake for 把 错认为 mon adj 常见的 普通的 more the most common 反义词 uncommon special be common to sb 对 常见的 very common 很常见 in common 共同的 共有的 common knowledge 常识 a common mistake 一个常见的错误 common 普通的 指因许多事物或人所共同具有而常见的性质 ordinary 普通的 指由于与一般事物之标准或品质相同而普通的性质 4 everywhere adj 各处 到处 here and there n 处处 5 mean v 意味着 意指某事 means mea