人教版高中英语必修三unit4知识点汇总及练习

精品文档 1欢迎下载 UnitUnit 4 4 Astronomy Astronomy thethe sciencescience ofof thethe starsstars 单元要点预览单元要点预览 词语 辨析 1 loudly loud aloud 2 unlike dislike 3 remain leave 4 climate weather 5 now that since because as 1 violent adj 强暴的 猛烈的 violence n 暴力 强暴 猛烈 violently adv 强 暴地 猛烈地 2 fundamental adj 基本 础 的 n pl 基本原则 法则 fundamentally adv 基本地 根 本地 fundament n 基础 根本 3 development n 生长 发展 新情况 develop vt 发展 产生 vi 生长 发展 developed adj 发 达的 developing adj 发展的 4 lay vt 放下 摆设 产 蛋 lay laid laid laying lie vi 躺 平放 位于 lie lay lain lying lie n 有 条理的 典例 1 The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets 太阳系包 括太阳和它的八颗行星 精品文档 7欢迎下载 2 Alcohol is bad for your system 喝酒对身体有害 练习 根据句子的意思完成句子 1 The 教育系统 operates very differently in the US and China 2 He introduced us a well designed 铁路系统 2 lay vt laid laid laying 把放下 摆设 铺 地毯 产 蛋 典例 1 He laid his hand on my shoulder 他把手放在我的肩上 2 Who should we lay the blame on 我们该责备谁 重点用法 lay 短语 lay eggs 下蛋 lay sth aside 把某物放在一边 积蓄 钱 lay sth down 把某物放下 lay the blame on sb 责备某人 lay the table 摆桌子lay emphasis stress on sth 把重点 放在某事上 练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译 1 The bird its eggs in other birds nests 2 He is a political leader that 非常强调 individual responsibility 3 He some money for rainy days 3 harmful adj 有害的 伤害的 harm n take it a bit 8 You ll have your own office soon but you ll have to share one with me 3 in one s turn 轮到某人 接着 典例 I will see you each in your turn 我将要一个接着一个地看你 短语归纳 turn 短语 in turn 轮流 一个接着一个by turns 轮流 一阵 一 阵 take turns to do sth 轮流 做某物 It s one s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事了 练习 用 turn 短语填空或翻译句子 1 She went hot and cold 2 我们轮流着开车 3 今天轮到谁发言了 4 prevent from stop from keep from 使 不做事 阻止 做某事 典例 His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow s game 精品文档 13欢迎下载 他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛 用法辨析 注意 prevent stop sb from doing sth 中的 from 可省 keep sb from doing sth 中 from 不可省略 因为 keep sb doing sth 是 使某人一直做某事 之意 但如在被动语态中 三者的 from 都不可省 当 后接 sb s doing sth 作宾语时 只能用 prevent 或 stop 不能用 keep 因为没有 keep sb s doing sth 的句型 练习 根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译 1 Doctors took action to 防止这种疾病的蔓延 2 Of course I can t your going abroad 3 警察阻止他们携带武器 5 block out 挡住 光线 典例 That wall blocks out all the light 那堵墙把光线都遮住了 短语归纳 out 短语 break out 爆发 发生burst out 大声喊叫 突然 起来 go out 外出 过时 灯 熄 put out 关 灯 扑灭 生产come out 出现 显露 出版 结果是 help out 帮助解决难题 或摆脱困境 look out 留神 注意watch out 注意 提防 find out 找出 查明 发现 pick out 挑出 辨认出 分辨出 speak out 大声地说 大胆地说 think out 仔细思考某事 想出 主意等 hang out 挂出 闲逛knocked out 拳击中 击倒 打昏 sell out 售完 某种货物 脱销 turn out 结果证明是run out of 用完 耗尽 check out 结帐离去 办妥手续离去 精品文档 14欢迎下载 hand out 分发 散发give out 分发 用完 消耗尽 发出 光 声 音等 练习 用 out 短语填空 1 At the end of the race his legs and he collapsed on the ground 2 It s easy to him in a crowd because he is very tall 3 His nwe book will next month 4 We thought it was going to rain it to be a find day 5 We of from our hotel at 5 a m to catch a 7 a m flight 6 be off set off 出发 动身 不用上班 学 开张 典例 Then we were off 随后我们就启程了 短语归纳 off 短语 get off 下车fall off 从 摔下来take off 脱下 起飞 keep off 远离 turn off 关闭pay off 付清 还清 set off 给 送行kick off 踢球 jump off 跳下 give off 散发 show off 炫耀shut off 关闭 练习 用 turn 短语填空或翻译 1 It is a Sunday and we 不用上班 today 2 Her husband on a business trip somewhere 3 There we saw a sign reading the grass 4 After ten years of hard work she finally all her 精品文档 15欢迎下载 debts 7 break out 灾难 战争等 突发 爆发 典例 Fire broke out during the night 夜间突然发生了火灾 短语归纳 break 短语 break away from 脱离 党派 摆脱 控制 break down 毁掉 坏掉 计划 谈判 失败 break up 打碎 拆散 会议 结束 分裂 解体 break off 使 停止 中 断 折断 break into sth 强行进入某处break one s word promise 食言 说 话不算数 练习 用 break 短语填空 1 A terrible tsunami in the southeastern countries of Asia at Christmas 2004 2 When do you for Christmas 3 Negotiations between the two sides have 4 His house was last week 8 watch out 密切注视 当心 提防 典例 Watch out There s a car coming 小心 汽车来了 重点用法 watch out for sb sth 警惕或注意某人 事物watch over 保护 照看 练习 用 watch 短语填空 1 There must have been an angel me that day 2 What problems should I when buying an old house 3 You ll become an alcoholic if you don t 精品文档 16欢迎下载 重点句子重点句子 1 It exploded loudly with fire and rock which were in time to produce the water vapour carbon dioxide oxygen nitrogen and other gases which were to make the earth s atmosphere 它 地球 巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石 最终产生了水蒸气 二氧化碳 氧 氮和其他多种气体 从而形成了地球的大气层 解释 be 不定式 结构通常用来表示 按计划或安排将要做的事情 或表示 上级对下级 父母对子女下命令 应该做某事 或表示某事 将必然发生 例如 1 Here is a message for you from your head teacher you are to go to her office after class 你的班主任给你一个口信 要你下课后到她 的办公室去 2 The worst is still to come 更糟糕的事情还会发生 3 We ll hold a meeting tomorrow We are to hold a meeting tomorrow A meeting is to be held tomorrow 我们明天将开会 4 The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10 25 am 这趟火车将于上午 10 25 到达北京 练习 完成句子或翻译 1 Here is a message for you from your head teacher you to her office after class 你的班主任给你一个口信 要你下课后到她的办公室去 2 The worst is still come 3 We ll hold a meeting tomorrow We a meeting tomorrow A meeting is tomorrow 4 这趟火车将于上午 10 25 到达北京 精品文档 17欢迎下载 2 That made it possible for life to begin to develop 那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能 解释 此句中的 made 后跟带形式宾语 it 的复合结构 其中 it 是形式宾语 真正宾语是不定式复合结构 for live to begin to develop 宾语补足语是 possible 再如 She made it her business to find out who was responsible 她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可 提示 常用于此结构的动词还有 think feel find consider 等 例如 1 We make it a rule to get up at 6 o clock every morning 2 I find it hard to get along with him 3 He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA 他发现不可能 离开德国去美国了 4 I think find feel consider it my duty to help you 我觉得我有责任 帮助你 练习 完成句子或翻译 1 We 规定 to get up at 6 o clock every morning 2 I 发现很难 to get along with him 3 他发现不可能离开德国去美国了 4 我觉得我有责任帮助你 3 But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over 而当我试着向前迈步的时候 我发觉 我被送出去很远 步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍 因而我摔倒了 解释 twice as as 是 的两倍 英语常见倍数的表示句型 1 倍数 as adj adv as 是 的几倍 My room is twice as large as his 2 倍数 adj adv 比较级 than 比 多 大 几倍 My room is twice 精品文档 18欢迎下载 larger than his 3 倍数 the 表示长度 高度 宽度等的名词 of 是 的长度 高度 宽度 几倍 My room is twice the size of his 注意 此结构中常用的名词有 size height weight length width depth 等 例如 1 This ruler is three times as long as that one This ruler is three times longer than that one This ruler is three times the length of that one 这把尺子是那把 的三倍那么长 2 There are four times as many students as we expected 到的学生是 我们预计的五倍 解释 twice as as 是的两倍 英语常见倍数的表示句型 1 倍数 as adj adv as 是 的几倍 My room is twice as large as his 2 倍数 adj adv 比较级 than 比 多 大 几倍 My room is twice larger than his 3 倍数 the 表示长度 高度 宽度等的名词 of 是 的长度 高度 宽度 几倍 My room is twice the size of his 注意 此结构中常用的名词有 size height weight length width depth 等 练习 完成句子或翻译 1 这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长 2 到的学生是我们预计的五倍 There are we expected 课文要点课文要点 课文词汇填空课文词汇填空 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空 注意单词拼写和词语用法 精品文档 19欢迎下载 As the result of Big Bang the violent earth slowly settled into a globe 1 move around the sun The gasses which were to make the earth s 2 大气层 came into being from the explosion of the dust ball with water 3 follow them while the earth cooled down It allowed the beginning for life Many millions of years 4 the first 5 极度的 small plants began to appear 6 the surface of the water 7 繁殖 and filling the sea and oceans which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish As time passed green plants taking carbon dioxide and producing 8 氧气 came to land and grew into forest Later the chains of lives continued such as insects amphibians reptiles dinosaurs and mammals the typical of 9 is human being They don t only do 10 to the earth but cause damage to it 课文佳句背诵与仿写课文佳句背诵与仿写 1 原句 What it was to become was uncertain until between 4 5 and 3 8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe 模仿要点 句子结构 what 主语从句 is till 时间名词 定语从句 模仿 1 他要给我什么礼物一直不知 直到昨天下文他来看我是我才知道 模仿 2 没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作 直到 3 年后我们从大学毕业 以后才知道 2 原句 What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas 模仿要点 句子结构 主语从句 is that 表语从句 模仿 1 他想告诉我们的是一天下文当他在回家的路上看见一只小鸟受伤了 精品文档 20欢迎下载 模仿 2 他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了 3 原句 They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish 模仿要点 句子结构 which 引导一个定语从句对上句情况的进一步说明 模仿 1 我们常常看到有人乱丢乱吐 这弄得我们的环境很脏 模仿 2 她的父母非常感激我们 医生也高度评价了我们的急救 这使得我 们意识到学习急救的必要性 单元自测单元自测 1 1 完形填空完形填空 阅读下面短文 掌握其大意 然后从 1 10 各题所给的 A B C 和 D 项中 选出最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 Who said If I didn t have bad luck I wouldn t have any luck at all However not all bad luck should be considered as a n 1 thing When life gives you a kick let it kick you 2 In the 1920s Ernest Hemingway 3 something about bad luck and got just such a kick He was 4 to succeed as a writer when 5 struck He lost a suitcase containing all the manuscripts 手稿 that he had been planning to publish Hemingway couldn t imagine doing his work all over again All those months of writing were simply 6 He told a friend about his bad luck who told him it was actually 精品文档 21欢迎下载 very good 7 He assured 向 保证 Hemingway that when he rewrote the stories he would forget the 8 parts only the best material would reappear He encouraged Hemingway to start again but with optimism and 9 this time Hemingway did rewrite the stories and eventually became a world famous writer Don t pray for fewer problems pray for more ability Don t ask for smaller challenges ask for greater 10 When life gives you a kick let it kick you forwards 1 A essentialB confusingC acceptable D bad 2 A backwards B off C on D forwards 3 A learned B said C heard D solved 4 A waiting B struggling C dreaming D wishing 5 A challenges B changes C disaster D failure 6 A buried B failed C wasted D undone 7 A fortune B result C journey D idea 8 A weak B important C good D last 9 A knowledge B confidence C imagination D luck 10 A chance B sympathy C wisdom D kick 2 2 语法填空语法填空 阅读下面短文 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求 在空格处填 入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空 并将答案填写在答题卡标 号为 1 10 的相应位置上 On Wednesday morning at eleven o clock I was walking down Main Street I had just parked my car Suddenly I heard two shots I thought they 1 come from the bank I ran toward the bank I saw a man 2 come out He was short and fat 3 a big moustache More 4 importance he had a bag of money and a gun in his hands 精品文档 22欢迎下载 5 I could do anything he ran up the street 6 disappeared behind a bus That afternoon I went to the movies 7 happened I saw the thief again at the foot of the stairs I telephoned the police from a telephone next to the rest rooms The police arrived in 8 than five minutes They arrested the thief just as he 9 buy a chocolate bar from the candy machine What an exciting day And best of all the bank gave me 10 100 reward UnitUnit 4 4 Astronomy Astronomy thethe sciencescience ofof thethe starsstars 答案答案 语言要点语言要点 词语辨析词语辨析 精品文档 23欢迎下载 1 loudly loud aloud 练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词 Keys 1 louder 2 aloud 3 loudly 4 loud 5 louder 2 unlike dislike 练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词 Keys 1 dislikes 2 unlike 3 disliked 4 unlike 3 remain leave 练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词 Keys 1 left 2 remained 3 remaining 4 left 5 left 6 waiting 7 unchanged 8 to be done 4 climate weather 练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词 Keys 1 weather 2 climate 3 climate 4 climate weather 5 now that since because as 练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词 Keys 1 since now that 2 because 3 for 4 Now that 词性变化词性变化 练习 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 Keys 1 lied lay laid 2 prevention 3 violence 4 development 5 developing 6 fundamental 7 physicist 重点词汇重点词汇 1 system n c 系统 体系 制度 方法 systematic adj 有系统的 有条理的 练习 根据句子的意思完成句子 Keys 1 educational system 2 railway system 2 lay vt laid laid laying 把放下 摆设 铺 地毯 产 蛋 练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译 Keys 1 lays 2 lays great stress on 3 lays puts aside 精品文档 24欢迎下载 3 harmful adj 有害的 伤害的 harm n in 2 exist on to 3 existence 5 puzzle vt on 3 cheering 重点词组重点词组 1 to begin with to start with 以 开始 由 作为开头 首先 练习 根据句子的意思完成句子 Keys 1 began started with 2 began started with 3 To start begin with 精品文档 25欢迎下载 2 in time 及时 最终 迟早 练习 用 time 短语填空 Keys 1 in time 2 in time 3 in no time 4 At no time 5 at the same time 6 At one time 7 at a time 8 for the time being 3 in one s turn 轮到某人 接着 练习 用 turn 短语填空或翻译句子 Keys 1 by turns 2 We drove the car by turns in turn We took turns to drive the car 3 Whose turn is it to give a speech today 4 prevent from stop from keep from 使 不做事 阻止 做某事 练习 根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译 Keys 1 prevent stop keep the disease from spreading 2 prevent stop 3 The police prevented stopped kept them from carrying weapons They were prevented stopped kept from carrying weapons 5 block out 挡住 光线 练习 用 out 短语填空 Keys 1 gave out 2 pick out 3 come out 4 turned out 5 checked out 6 be off set off 出发 动身 不用上班 学 开张 练习 用 turn 短语填空或翻译 Keys 1 are off 2 was off 3 Keep off 4 paid off 7 break out 灾难 战争等 突发 爆发 精品文档 26欢迎下载 练习 用 break 短语填空 Keys 1 broke out 2 break up 3 broken down 4 broken into 8 watch out 密切注视 当心 提防 练习 用 watch 短语填空 Keys 1 watching over 2 watch out for 3 watch out 重点句子重点句子 1 It exploded loudly with fire and rock which were in time to produce the water vapour carbon dioxide oxygen nitrogen and other gases which were to make the earth s atmosphere 它 地球 巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石 最终产生了水 蒸气 二氧化碳 氧 氮和其他多种气体 从而形成了地球的大气层 练习 完成句子或翻译 Keys 1 are to go 2 to come 3 are to hold to be held 4 The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10 25 am 2 That made it possible for life to begin to develop 那使生命的生长发育成为一 种可能 练习 完成句子或翻译 Keys 1 make it a rule 2 find it hard 3 He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA 4 I think find feel consider it my duty to help you 3 But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over 而当我试着向前迈步的时候 我发觉我被送出去很远 步子 的跨度竟是地球上的两倍 因而我摔倒了 练习 完成句子或翻译 Keys 1 This ruler is three times as long as that one This ruler is three times longer than that one This ruler is three times the length of that one 精品文档 27欢迎下载 2 four times as many students as 课文要点课文要点 课文词汇填空课文词汇填空 答案 1 moving 2 atmosphere 3 following 4 later 5 extremely 6 on 7 multiplying 8 oxygen 9 which 10 good 课文佳句背诵与仿写课文佳句背诵与仿写 1 原句 What it was to become was uncertain until between 4 5 and 3 8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe 答案 What gift he would give me was uncertain until yesterday afternoon when he came to see us 模仿 2 没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作 直到 3 年后我们从大学毕业以后才知道 答案 What jobs we will get is unknown until 3 years later when we will graduate from university 2 原句 What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas 答案 What he wanted to tell us is that one afternoon when he was on his way home he saw a bird which was dying 模仿 2 他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了 答案 Why he was absent is that he was badly hurt by a car when he went to school 3 原句 They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen which encouraged the