M4Unit1Grammar胡红娟.doc

Grammar Subject-verb agreement 编制 胡红娟 审核 高一年级组主谓一致是一种常见的语法现象，它指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。其用法较为复杂。主谓一致依据语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三条原则兹简述如下 Three principles:important rules1)语法一致:由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现时谓语为单数。否则用复数。2) 就近一致:由or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。但注意:主语+with/along with /together with/including /but/except/like/among/as well as /no more than /besides/rather than +名词,谓语和主语在单复数上保持一致。3) 意义一致:集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语时,如强调整体,用单数;如指各个成员,则用复数。一、语法一致原则A boy _（be）sitting there.(is)Water _（be）important to us.(is)1.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语时谓语为单数。In this way,get the students to sum up other rules.Bread and butter _（be）a daily food in the West.(is)The worker and writer _（be）from Wuhan.(is) 译:那个工人兼作家来自武汉。2.由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现时谓语为单数。否则用复数。The worker and the writer _（be）from Beijing.(are）译:那个工人和那位作家来自北京。and连接的并列名词有each， every， no或many a等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数例如：In our country every boy and every girl _(have) the right to receive education.(has)在我们国家每一个男女孩子都有受教育的权利 No teacher and no student _(be)present at the party.(was)老师和学生都没有参加晚会Each of the students _ (have )a book.(has）3.one/every one /each/either/the number+of+复数名词作主语时谓语用单数。Clothing _（be）badly needed in this flooded area.（is）4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语时谓语用单数 。Physics _ (interest)boys in our class.(interests)5.以s 结尾但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语时谓语用单数。Eg:maths,physics，Swiss，the United statesTwenty years _ (pass) since he left his hometown.(has passed)6.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时谓语用单数。Anything _（be） possible.(is)7.由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语时谓语用单数。Collecting stamps _（be）what he likes.(is) Whatever was left _（be）taken away.(is)8.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时,谓语用单数。Both bread and butter _（be）sold out.(have been)9. 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时,谓语用复数。The police _（be）looking for the missing child.(are)10.people,police,cattle 等集体名词作主语时,谓语用复数。The cattle _ (go) to the river to have a drink.(went,go)【拓展延伸】.单复数同形的名词作主语，谓语动词可为单数，亦可为复数，视其意义而定。如:works（工厂），means（方法），作主语也有类似用法如：Every means has been tried. 每一种方法都试过了All means have been tried. 所有的方法都试过了二、就近一致原则Not only he but also I _（be）invited.(am) Neither my gloves nor my hat _ (go) with the dress.(goes) 由or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students _ (be) in the classroom.(is) 但注意主语+ with/along with /together with/including /but/except/like/among/as well as /no more than /besides/rather than +名词,谓语和主语在单复数上保持一致。三、 意义一致原则His family _（be）a great one.（is）His family _（be）music lovers.(are)1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数,指所有成员用复数。All _ present.(are) All the food _ good.(tastes)2.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定。如果指代可数名词,用复数谓语;如果指代不可数名词用单数谓语。Half of the students _ girls.（are）Two thirds of the surface _ covered with water.(is)3. half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/ 分数、百分数+of +名词作主语时,要根据其后的名词而定。如果其后跟可数名词,则用复数谓语;如果其后跟不可数名词,则用单数谓语。【拓展延伸】1、名词化形容词作主语时的主谓一致“the + adj.”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。常见的这类词有：the poor, the rich, the sick, the dead, the young, the wise, the deaf, the blind, the learned, the wounded, the aged, the killed, the living, the dying, the English, the French, the Chinese等。例如：The young are required to respect the old. 年轻人应该尊敬老年人。The injured have been taken to hospital. 伤员已经被送往医院2,在what引导的主语从句中，如果表语为复数形式，谓语动词也要用复数。例如：What the children need are interesting books. 孩子们需要有趣的书3、倒装句中的主谓一致倒装句中的谓语动词与后面的主语一致。例如：In the centre of Tianan Men Square stands the Chairman Maos Memorial Hall.毛主席纪念馆位于天安门广场中心Here comes the bus.车来了Here you are.给你！4,here或there引导的句子有两个以上主语时，遵循就近原则如：Here are some pens and paper for you. 这是给你的钢笔和纸张。选择填空1. Not only the students but also the teacher _ for a holiday.A. wish B. are wishing C. wishes D. have wished2. The museum, as well as the pictures, _. A. is worthy seeingB. is worth seeing C. are worth seeing D. are worthy seeing3. My trousers _ being washed. Whats more, this pair of trousers bought yesterday _ too short for me.A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are4. All possible means _ to save the wounded soldier. A. have been triedB. is to be tried C. has been tried D. are trying5. Most of the artists will go to the United States next week. The rest_ to visit Japan.A. has B. plans C. are D. is6. Nobody but Tim and his assistant _ in the laboratory yesterday.A. are B. had beenC. were D. was7. Happiness and success _ on our circumstances, but on ourselves.A. doesnt dependB. dont depend C. dependsD. depend8. To say something _ one thing, and to do it _ another.A. is; are B. are; isC. is; is D. are; are9. Part of the students in the class _ from the countryside.A. are B. is C. comes D. was10. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; wasC. was; were D. were; were11. As you can see,the number of cars on our roads _ rising these days.A.was keepingB.keepC.keepsD.were keeping12. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were13. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.isB.areC.wasD.were14. Professor Smith,along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A.work B.workingC.is workingD.are working15. All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.A.encourages B.encourageC.is encouragedD.are encouraged一选择填空1He is easy to satisfy.Even a small success will give him a sense of _. Aresponsibility BAchievement Chumour Ddirection2The _ to computerize this universitys library system will take half a month. Aproject BConnection Cobservation Dadventure3The police are interviewing two men in _ with the robbery. Asupport BOrganization Cconnection Dconsideration4Local people have launched a(n) _ to raise money for a new hospital. Aargument Bmeasure Ccampaign Dadventure5If you _ yourself，Ill let you stay up to watch the movie. Aperform Bconfirm Cimpress Dbehave6Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still _the traditional customs. Aperform Bpossess Cobserve Dsupport7She has always been honest with me，and I _ her for that. Arefer Brespect Crespond Dremind8We need a new captainsomeone who can _ the team to greater efforts. Adeliver Breact Cadmire DInspire9The doctor brought the woman，who was badly injured in a road accident, back to consciousness with _ treatment. Aemergency BEntertainment Cbehaviour DBenefit10Its very_ _of you not to talk aloud while the baby is asleep. Amodest Bviolent Chumorous Dconsiderate11、 The class over , the students _ their discussion about the party to celebrate the new year. . A carry off B carry on C carry out D carry about12、Her achievements are _of the highest praise and the efforts she made seems _ .A worthy ; worth B worthy ; worthy C worth ; worthwhile D worthy ; worthwhile二短语填空: care for; work out; set up; be intended for; by chance; come across; carry out; refer to; dress as; free from; 1The old man is relying on his son to _ the family business.2I bumped into her quite _ in Oxford Street the other day.3If you want to know details of all our products，please_ our catalogue.4Have you ever _ such a horrible person in all your life?5The nurses had decided to _ clowns for Halloween6We want to give all children a world _ violence.7I used to _ for half an hour on the playground after breakfast.8She moved back home to _ her elderly parents.9This kind of magazine _ women in their 30s or 40s.10The police _ roadblocks on routes out of the city.三.句型转换1.She has been spending lots of time singing and dancing.She has been _ _ _ singing and dancing.2.Many people living in the city do not respect people from the countryside.Many people living in the city _ _ _ people from the countryside.3.He was the very person that helped me out of the nasty trouble._ _ he _ helped me out of the nasty trouble.4.The problem is worth discussing.The problem is _ _ _.5.This is a book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.This is a book _ _ how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.四Sentence patterns （句型句式）1自主分析 Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.【Translate】_ crowding in 在此为何使用ing 形式？（ 佳句仿写）一旦你失败了，所有的非议（blames）就会接踵而来。 _ Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.【Translate】_ 发现并总结一下此句的特点（佳句仿写）只有当他哥哥回来时，他的电脑才修好。 _ She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely.【Translate】_ where引导的是同位语从句吗？(佳句仿写) _. She concerned herself with welfare projects, especially the China Welfare Institution for women and children.Or: she devoted herself to medical work for Chinese women and children.【Translate】_ 总结一下具有相同相近意义的一些词组结构.（佳句仿写）他专注于发短信，没考虑其他人。_. Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.【Translate】_it 和how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time在句子中分别做什么语法成分？并注意总结hit 的意义.（佳句仿写）我突然想到她过的生活多么忙碌啊。6.（佳句仿写）Sensitive ppeople dont think _things which are not needed even at a low price.1. achievement n. 成绩，成就They were proud of their childrens achievements.Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement. achieve vt. 完成（事情），成就 No one can achieve anything without effort. 2) 达成（目的等）；赢得（名声等） achieve ones success 获得成功 achieve ones ambition 实现抱负 achieve ones goal 达到目2. Connection n. 联系， 关系 a commection between A and BA 与B 之间的关系、联系 have a direct/close/strong connection with sth 与某事有直接的、密切的、牢固的联系in connection with 关于，有关The police are qestioning the two men in connection with the bank robbery.He asked me many questions in connection with life in Britiain. Do you think _ between the two cases of murder?（有关系）3. behave Vi. 行为，举止，行为表现 They behaved very badly towards their guests.He behaved in a very strange way.You behaved like a complete fool.she behaved as if she were a child.行为检点，守规矩I want you to behave yourselves while Im away. 我不在家时你们要乖。(3) behaviour n. 态度；举止Their behaviour towards me shows that they do not like me.She was ashamed of her childrens bad behaviour.4observe vt. 观察到， 看到，注意到observe+ sb doing sth 观察到某人做某事 sb do sth 观察到某人做了某事 sth 观察某事物 that 观察到The teacher o