六年级上册英语语法讲义现在完成时学习及阅读拓展训练牛津上海版(一起)

学员姓名 学员姓名 学科教师 学科教师 年级 六年级年级 六年级 辅导科目 辅导科目 授课日期授课日期时间时间 主题主题现在完成时学习及阅读拓展训练现在完成时学习及阅读拓展训练 学习目标学习目标 1 掌握现在完成时的基本概念及重要考点 掌握现在完成时的基本概念及重要考点 2 灵活迁移阅读信息到写作表达中去 灵活迁移阅读信息到写作表达中去 教学内容教学内容 1 上次课后巩固作业复习 上次课后巩固作业复习 2 互动探索互动探索 教学建议 1 此部分 3 分钟左右 2 通过以下图片 帮助学生了解现在完成时的构成 引入现在完成时的概念 3 根据下图提示 要求学生进行现在完成时的介绍 现在每个学生选择一张图片 每个学生需用图片所给的提示词进行介绍 也可以介绍其他地方 由老师进行现在每个学生选择一张图片 每个学生需用图片所给的提示词进行介绍 也可以介绍其他地方 由老师进行 引导 看谁介绍的最好 有奖品哦 引导 看谁介绍的最好 有奖品哦 提示词 I have make cakes go Bungee jumping Key I have made cakes before I have never gone Bungee jumping before 教学建议 1 此部分 5 分钟左右 2 通过以下图片 帮助学生熟悉现在完成时的构成 3 根据下图提示 要求学生进行现在完成时的对话 需用所给句型 what is the most delicious food you have tasted 4 学生可以说出其他自己喜欢的食物 现在每个学生选择一种食物 同时找到一个搭档 然后需用所给句型现在每个学生选择一种食物 同时找到一个搭档 然后需用所给句型 what is the most delicious food you have tasted 对话 对话 教学建议 1 此部分 5 分钟左右 2 通过以下图片 帮助学生熟悉现在完成时的构成 3 根据下图提示 要求学生进行现在完成时的对话 需用所给句型 what is the best place you have been to 4 学生可以说出其他自己喜欢的地方 现在每个学生选择一个地方 同时找到一个搭档 然后需用所给句型现在每个学生选择一个地方 同时找到一个搭档 然后需用所给句型 what is the best place you have been to 对话 对话 the Great Wall the West Lake Paris France 知识名称知识名称 知识梳理知识梳理 1 概念概念 现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或有无某方面的经历 现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或有无某方面的经历 知识梳理知识梳理 2 基本用法基本用法 教学建议 教学建议 做阅读拓展训练时 可以用竞答的方式让学生找出文章中出现的现在完成时 并从当堂课所学的内容进行分 析 一 时态构成 时态构成 have has 动词过去分词动词过去分词 现在完成时态是很难掌握的一种时态 因为它并不是表示发生在某一时间的事情 而是既涉及过去 又 联系现在的一种时态 比较 I live in Shanghai 我住在上海 一般现在时 I moved to Shanghai ten years ago 十年前我搬到上海住了 一般过去时 I have lived in Shanghai for ten years 我在上海住了十年了 现在完成时 二 用法详解 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成 现在完成时由 have has 过去分词 构成 其中的 have has 为助动词 构成疑问句时 可将其提前 构成否定句时 可直接在其后加 not 过去分词的构成 一般情况 词尾 ed 动词原形过去式和过去分词 Walk 行走 walked Work 工作 worked Help 帮助 helped 以不发音字母 e 结尾 词尾 d 动词原形过去式和过去分词 Decide 决定 decided Hope 希望 hoped Like 喜欢 liked 以 辅音字母 y 结尾 变 y 为 i 再加 ed 动词原形过去式和过去分词 Carry 搬运 carried Hurry 快 hurried Fly 飞翔 flied 以重读闭音节结尾 且末尾只有一个 辅音字母 双写词尾 ed 动词原形过去式和过去分词 Stop 停止 stopped Nod 点头 nodded Plan 计划 planned 注意 上面介绍的都是过去式和过去分词的规则变化 也就是 动词原形 ed 实际上还有许多动词的过去 式和过去分词的变化是不规则的 如 1 动词原形 过去式 过去分词形式都相同 cut cut cut 切割 2 过去式 过去分词形式都相同 bring brought brought 带来 3 动词原形 过去式 过去分词形式都不相同 go went gone 去 这些规则的变化需要逐个记忆 更多不规则动词的变化 可以查看书后附录 例题精讲例题精讲 写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词形式 动词原形过去式过去分词 do did done drop go begin cut move fry give smell win run 答案 动词原形过去式过去分词 dropdropped dropprd go went gone begin began begun cut cutcut movemoved moved fryfried fried give gave given smell smelt smelled smelt smelled win won won runran run 知识梳理知识梳理 3 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法 1 表影响 表影响 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果 可以和 already yet just 等连用 1 I have already posted the photos 我已经把照片寄了 照片不在我这里了 2 have you had your lunch yet 你吃午饭了吗 Yes I have just had it 是的 我吃了 我刚刚吃过 现在不饿了 完成句子 我们已经完成了工作 We work 她刚参加一个晚会回来 She from an evening party We have just finished work She has just come back from an evening party 2 表继续 表继续 表示过去已经开始 持续到现在 还可能继续下去的动作或状态 可以和表示从过去某一时刻延 续到现在的一段时间的状语连用 如 this morning these days in the last past since for a long time 等 1 They have lived here since 1989 自从 1989 年以来 他们就住在这里 2 She has been there for over two years 她在那里两年多了 她已当了 20 年的老师 你在这里住了多久了 She has been a teacher for 20 years How long have you lived here 3 表经验 表经验 表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情 常和 never ever once three times before ever since recently 等连用 1 I have never been to Egypt before 我以前从没去过埃及 2 He has been to Egypt three times 他去过埃及 3 次了 你当过教师吗 他过去从未开过车 Have you ever been a teacher before He has never driven a car 例题精讲例题精讲 1 We a new school in my hometown recently 最近 A build B have built C built D will build 2 Did your brother go to America last year A No he did never go there B No he has never gone there C No he never was there D No he s never been there 3 the Great Wall A Have you ever gone to B Are you ever going to C Do you ever go to D Have you ever been to 4 I the book yet A haven t read B hadn t read C don t read D am not reading 5 They left for Beijing last month and we them ever since A don t hear from B haven t heard from C won t hear from D didn t hear from 6 He says he the book several times already this year A had read B has read C will read D is reading 答案 1 6 B D D A B B 知识梳理知识梳理 4 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1 现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作 但现在完成时强调动作与现在的关系 如对现在产生的影响 生成的结果等等 而一般过去时只表示在过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态 强调动作 前者强调影响 1 A Have you seen the film 你看过这部电影吗 B Did you see the film 你看过这部电影吗 A 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解 B 句强调的是这部电影的动作是否发生过 并不强调是否知道其内容 2 A She has watered the flowers 她已经浇了花 不需要再浇了 B She watered the flowers yesterday 她昨天浇的花 2 表示过去的时间状语如 yesterday last week two years ago just now in 2002 等 以及 when 为首的疑问 句与一般过去时连用 而不与现在完成时连用 1 Tom has written a letter to his parents last night 错 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night 对 2 have you ever been to the great wall Yes I have When did you go there Last week 知识梳理知识梳理 5 使用现在完成时的几个问题使用现在完成时的几个问题 非常重要 常考 非常重要 常考 have been to have gone to 和和 have been in 1 have been to 表示 过去曾去过某地 说话时已从该地回来或去了其它地方 总之 现在已不在该地 2 have gone to 表示 以去了某地 说话时不在说话地点或在去该地的途中 或已到了该地 总之 现在还 未回来 3 have been in 表示 已在该地 待了多久 表示 已在小地方多久 需用 at 而后面跟副词时只用 have been 不用任何介词 Xiao Li have been to Beijing 小李去过北京 Xiao Li have gone to Beijing 小李去了北京 Xiao Li have been in Beijing for three years 小李在北京待了三年了 例题精讲例题精讲 1 My father isn t here now He Shanghai He there twice A has gone has been B has gone to has been to C has been to has gone D has gone to has been 2 Hi Bruce I haven t seen you for three weeks Hi George I America A have gone to B went to C have been to D have been in 3 My uncle London for five years But he will be back next year A went B has been in C has gone D has gone to 4 Could I speak to Mrs Black please Sorry she to the library A is going B has gone C has been D will to 5 Peter is young but he many foreign countries A has been in B has gone to C went to D has been to 答案 1 5 D C D B D 知识梳理知识梳理 6 since 的用法的用法 1 since 过去一个时间点 如具体的年 月 日期 钟点 1980 last month half past six My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949 2 since 一段时间 ago I have been here since five months ago 比较比较 since 和和 for Since 用来说明动作起始时间 for 用来说明动作延续时间长度 I have lived here since I was born Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976 I have lived here for more than twenty years 知识梳理知识梳理 7 现在完成时态中 现在完成时态中 当句中含有一段时间状语时 当句中含有一段时间状语时 谓语动词短暂变延续 谓语动词短暂变延续 1 现在完成时中有瞬间动词和延续性动词的区分 说明说明 终止 延续 要转换 英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性 瞬间动词 两种 在现 在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性 当句中含有一段时间状语时 应将这类瞬间动词转换为延续性动词 瞬间动词 瞬间动词 come go leave start die finish become die 等 延续性动词延续性动词 live teach learn work study know 例如 The film has begun The film has been onfor an hour He has gone He has been awayfor ten minutes 2 初中阶段常见的瞬间动词对应的延续性动词总结 瞬间动词对应的延续性动词总结 leave be away borrow keep buy have begin start be on die be dead finish be over fall ill be ill get up be up become be catch a cold have a cold go there be there come back be back put on wear go out be out get to arrive reach be in open v be open adj join be in 组织机构组织机构 be a member of 组织机构组织机构 知识梳理知识梳理 8 时间副词时间副词 1 副词的意义 用来修饰动词 形容词 其他副词和全局的词 表示时间 地点 程度 方式 动作 频度等 副词根据他们的意义 可以分为时间副词 地点副词 方式副词 程度副词和疑问副词 时间副词 地点副词 方式副词 程度副词和疑问副词 2 副词的分类 时间副词 today tomorrow yesterday always often now before 等 地点副词 here there down up down 方式副词 slowly badly hard fast 程度副词 very much still almost too 疑问副词 why what where when how 巩固练习巩固练习 1 you reading the novel A Did finish B Have finished C Are finished D Do finish 2 He in our school for 20 years and he here in 1977 A has taught came B has taught has come C taught came D has teached has came 3 The old man in this house since 1949 A has lived B had lived C is living D lives 4 I hope I no mistake in my work so far 迄今为止 A make B am making C have made D was making 5 The life of the people greatly in the past years A has changed B have changed C changed D are changing 6 Her grandpa for three years A has been dead B has died C had been dead D died 7 I her only twice since last year A see B was seeing C have seen D saw 8 Lucy to Shanghai once A went B has gone C has been D had been 9 your homework yet Not yet I it A Have you done am doing B Did you do did C Did you do am doing D Have you done did 10 Where the recorder I can t see it anywhere I it right here half an hour ago But now it is gone A did you put have put B have you put put C do you put putting D did you put have put 1 5 B A A C A 6 10 A C C A B A Choose the best answers B Read the passage and fill in the blanks I Read the passage and choose the best answers Cathy s Self portrait 自画像 自画像 Hello everyone My name is Cathy Ray and I m from South California USA I have always loved 7 My interests include 包括 travelling reading photography 摄影 and people watching But what is people watching I think this changing world is so wonderful 8 me I like to watch the way we are different from others but also some of the ways which we are 9 same I like to study the things that change us I like to see 10 other people live That is what I mean by people watching For most of the year I live with my father in California but my mother lives and works in Shanghai so I am beginning to consider 把 看作 Shanghai my second home I understand how hard it is 11 English because I ve been learning Chinese and French for most of my life Learning languages isn t easy but I hope to introduce 介绍 something to all of you to help make your English studies more interesting In return I will be learning more about Shanghai my second home and learning more about all of you Reading 7 A writingB writeC writesD wrote 8 A atB aboutC inD to 9 A B theC allD as 10 A howB whereC whatD when 11 A learnB learningCto learnD learns 答案 ADBAC My best friend 答案 答案 My best friend is Kate We re in the same class She is 12 years old She is a very beautiful girl and always smiles She has big eyes a small mouth and long black hair She always wears T shirt and jeans She is good at all subjects She likes English and Maths very much Her favourite sports are basketball and running She does well in basketball She likes listening to the song She likes singing and watch animated cartoon too for example She was awarded as Student Star in our school last term Why are we best friends Because we can play games and see the film in the cinema together She often teaches me SpeakingSpeaking andand WritingWriting on rope skipping We feel very happy when we are together 此部分测试时间为 此部分测试时间为 15 分钟左右 讲评时间为分钟左右 讲评时间为 10 分钟左右 对本次所学内容进行检测 分钟左右 对本次所学内容进行检测 教学建议 此部分必须由班级学员合作完成 建议步骤为 1 在 15 分钟内学员独立完成测试 2 老师给出答案 学员相互批改 3 在 10 分钟内就错题学员间相互合作 讨论错题 保证每一位学员都懂 4 老师随机抽查 根据学生的整体表现给出此部分的班级得分 评分标准参考课堂激励评分标准 I Read and choose the best answer 选择最恰当的答案选择最恰当的答案 1 The Korean girl can speak Chinese without difficulty because she in China for years A stay B will stayC has stayedD stayed 2 The Greens the welcome party already before Henry came to talk about it A has arrangedB would arrangeC were arrangingD had arranged 3 Mr and Mrs Williams in San Francisco since they returned to the USA from Japan A had worked B have worked C work D are working 4 My sister plenty of volunteer work in the past seven years A does B is doing C has done D had done 5 Minions 小黄人 pretty popular since the film Despicable Me was shown A becomeB will becomeC have becomeD are becoming 6 A Is that your manager Lucy B That can t be Mr Wang He to Sydney with his daughter A has been B had been C had gone D has gone 7 Johnson two tickets for the concert before Joe made a phone call to him A had booked B booked C has booked D were booking 8 Americans New York City The Big Apple since 1971 A call B called C has called D have called 9 By the end of last week Maggie in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children A will stay B has stayed C would stay D had stayed 10 The boy for her in the rain for nearly half an hour before she appeared A waits B waitedC has waited D had waited 11 I 30 pages of the book so far but I hope to finish it by next week A read B am reading C have read D will read 12 Mr Li knows much about London He to the city three times A goes B went C has gone D has been 13 How time flies It three years since I became a junior high school student A has been B have been C had been D was 14 Many people of Ebola virus 埃博拉病毒 in the past a few months A die B diedC have diedD will die 15 hethe driving test No not yet A Did pass B Does pass C Have passed D Has passed 16 Our monitor to bring the key so we can t enter the classroom right now A forgets B forgot C has forgot D had forgot 17 Hello Kitty popular around the world since it was created in 1974 by a Japanese company A is B was C will be D has been 18 Am I late Don t worry Your favourite broadcast yet A doesn t start B didn t start C won t start D hasn t started 19 I from Mr Black since he moved to Beijing I ll visit him when I go there A haven t heard B won t hear C don t hear D didn t hear 20 Recently many young customers to give up their old mobile phones and buy the new Iphone6 A decide B have decided C had decided D decided Reading and Writing 阅读和写话 阅读和写话 A Choose the words and expressions and complete the passage My parents had some strange rules when my sister and I were growing up For example they never 1 us soda or juice What we can get was water or iced tea 2 no sugar My mother s reason for it was that she didn t like kids who only drank sweet drinks or worse kids who did not like 3 She wanted to teach us to like water or other unsweetened drinks that did not come in a bottle We on the other hand wanted to 4 a coke when we ate out Now I can make my own decisions but I 5 choose juice or soda It s not because I don t like it I m just used to drinking 1 A neededB soldC boughtD left 2 A withB ofC offD without 3 A sodaB juiceC waterD milk 4 A orderB makeC giveD spend 5 A leverB neverCalwaysD sometimes B Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words What weather do you like Some people like s days because they can go to do what they like And on vacation or at weekends they like going to the beach to a sunshine It makes them relaxing But they do not like rain They always f sad when it rains I like sunshine very much and I enjoy rain as well On r days I like to Listen to music do some r or just look out of the window and daydream I daydream about a wonderful holiday when I do not need to do my homework or feel nervous about the exam Sometimes I like to sleep when it rains Sunshine can make one well around and rain can make one quiet Which do you like Key 1 5 C D B C C 6 10 D A C D D 11 15 C D A C D 16 20 C D D A B 阅读 完型填空 1 5CACAB 首字母 1 Sunny 2 enjoy 3 feel 4 rainy 5 reading 此部分 此部分 10 分钟左右 以学生自我总结为主 分钟左右 以学生自我总结为主 TR 引导为辅 为本次课做一个总结回顾 引导为辅 为本次课做一个总结回顾 1 现在完成时的构成和用法 2 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词 3 since 引导现在完成时的句型 4 现在完成时和一般过去式的区别 5 have been to have gone to 和 have been in 的区别 6 现在完成时态中 当句中含有一段时间状语时 谓语动词短暂变延续 教学建议 1 规定学生在限定的 30 分钟内完成 2 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记 3 下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生 4 对本节课积分高的学生可以考虑相应减少作业量 5 老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习 I Choose the best answer 1 The famous footballer decides to retire after he for ever 20 years A playsB playedC is playingD has played 2 I don t want to see the film The Hobbit II because I it already A has seen B saw C have seen D had seen 3 People rivers for transportation since the beginning of history A used B have used C use D had used 4 Jack s parents can t go to the parent s meeting because they to Beijing on business A went B have gone C will go D had gone 5 I m glad you ve come back from the United States Please tell me how long you there A have stayed B had stayed C have been staying D stayed 6 The rain yet You d better not go out A hasn t stoppedB didn t stop C won t stopD doesn t stop 7 Mr Brown our new manager in the company since he was 21 years old A worksB had workedC will workD has worked 8 In recent years quite a few women more and more interested in Korean series A become B becameC had become D have become 9 Great changes in our city recently A have taken place B were taken placeC are taken place D took place 10 I this coat for two years It still looks quite new A had had B have had C have bought D bought 11 Jimmy together with his father several football matches since he was a child A has watched B were watching C was watching D have watched 12 In the past ten years Shanghai so fast that everybody in this city is proud of the changes A is developing B has developed C is developed D had developed 13 In order to finish the project Mr Wang all he can over the past twelve hours A did B has done C is doing D had done 14 Both his parents look sad Maybe they what s happened to him A knew B have known C must know D will know 15 He has been to Shanghai has he A already B never C ever D still 16 Have you met Mr Li A just B ago C before D a moment ago 17 The famous writer one new book in the past two year A is writing B was writing C wrote D has written 18 Our country a lot so far Yes I hope it will be even A has changed well B changed good C has changed better D changed better 19 Zhao Lan already in this school for two years A was studying B will study C has studied D are studying 20 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl A know B had knownC have known D knew II Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school You will probably 1 they go to school to learn languages geography history science and all the other subjects That is quite true but why must they learn these things We send our children to school to 2them for