英语前缀和后缀.doc

Prefixes and suffixes前缀和后缀通常的单词是由较短的单词与前缀或后缀组合而成。一般说来，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。以下为前缀和后缀及其含义和用法列表。Prefixesa- / e; NAmE / prefix(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) not; without:非；不；无；没有：atheist 无神论者atypical 非典型的asexually 无性的aero-/ er; NAmE ero/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with air or aircraft:空气的；空中的；飞行器的：aerodynamic 空气动力的aerospace 航空航天工业all-/ l; NAmE / combining form (in adjectives and adverbs)completely:全部；完全；十足：an all-British cast 清一色的英国演员阵容an all-inclusive price 全部包括在内的价格in the highest degree:最高程度；最：all-important 首要all-powerful 最强大ambi-/ mbi; NAmE /prefix(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) referring to both of two:二者(都)：ambidextrous 左右手都灵巧ambivalent矛盾情绪的ante-/ nti; NAmE /prefix(in nouns, adjectives and verbs) before; in front of:在前;在前面:ante-room 前厅antenatal 产前antedate 早于-compare POST-,PRE-anthropo-/ nrp; NAmE -po/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with humans:人的；人类的：anthropology 人类学anti-/ nti; NAmE /prefix (in nouns and adjectives)opposed to; against:反；反对anti-tank weapons 反坦克的武器antisocial 反社会的-comparepro-the opposite of:对立；对立面anti-hero 非正统派主角anticlimax 令人扫兴的结局preventing:防；防止antifreeze 防冻剂arch-/ t; NAmE rt/combining form(in nouns) main; most important or most extreme:主要的；最重要的；极端的archbishop 大主教arch-enemy 主要敌人astro-/ str; NAmE stro/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with the stars or outer space:星(的)；天体(的)；外层空间(的)astronaut 宇航员astrophysics 天体物理学atto-/ t; NAmE to/combining form(in units of measurement) a factor of 10-18:微微微200 attowatts 200微微微瓦audio-/ di; NAmE dio/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with hearing or sound:音的；声的；听的an audiobook (= a reading of a book on cassette, CD, etc.) 有声读物audio-visual 视听的auto-/ t; NAmE to/ (also aut-) combining form (in nouns, adjectives and adverbs)of or by yourself: 自己(的)；本身(的)autobiography 自传by itself without a person to operate it:由本身(的)automatic自动be-/ b-; NAmE /prefix(in verbs) to make or treat sb/sth as:使变成；把当做:Dont belittle his achievements (= say they are not important).不要贬低他的成就。An older girl befriended me. 一个年级大点的女孩对我很友善。(in adjectives ending in -ed) wearing or covered with:穿着；戴着；裹着heavily bejewelled fingers 戴满珠宝的手指bespattered with mud 溅满污泥(in verbs and adjectives ending in -ed) to cause sth to be:使；使成为The ship was becalmed. 没有风，帆船禁止不动。The rebels besieged the fort. 叛乱者包围了城堡。used to turn intransitive verbs (= without an object) into transitive verbs (= with an object):(与不及物动词结合，构成及物动词)She is always bemoaning her lot.她总是怪命不好bi-/ ba; NAmE /combining form(in nouns and adjectives) two; twice; double:二；两次；两倍；双：bilingual 双语的bicentenary 两百年HELP NOTEBi- with a period of time can mean either happening twice in that period of time, or happening once in every two periods.Bi和某个时期结合可表示在该时期内发生两次，或每两个时期发生一次。biblio-/ bbli; NAmE -lio/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with books:(有关)书的：bibliophile 爱书者bio-/ ba; NAmE bao/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with living things or human life:生物的；人生的：biodegradable 能进行生物降解的biography 传记by- (also bye-)/ ba; NAmE /prefix (in nouns and verbs)less important:次要的：a by-product 副产品near:附近：a bystander 旁观者cardio-/ kdi; NAmE krdio/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with the heart:心脏的：cardiogram 心电图centi-/ sent-; NAmE /combining form (in nouns)hundred:一百：centipede 蜈蚣(often used in units of measurement) one hundredth:百分之一：centimetre 厘米chrono-/ krn; NAmE krno/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with time:与时间有关的：chronological 按时间顺序排列的co-/ k; NAmE ko/prefix(used in adjectives, adverbs, nouns and verbs) together with:和一起；共同；联合：co-produced 合作生产cooperatively 合作地co-author 合著者coexist 共存contra-/ kntr; NAmE kntr/combining form(in nouns, verbs and adjectives) against; opposite:反对；相反：contraflow 一侧双向行驶contradict 反驳(in nouns) (music) having a pitch an octave below:a contrabassoon 低音大管counter-/ kant(r); NAmE /combining form (in nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs)against; opposite:逆；反对；相反；对立：counterterrorism 反恐counter-argument 相对立的论点corresponding: 相应；对应：counterpart 对方职位相当的人cross-/ krs; NAmE krs/combining form(in nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs) involving movement or action from one thing to another or between two things:从一事物到另一事物的运动(或动作)；两事物间的运动(或动作)；横过；穿越：cross-Channel ferries 横渡英吉利海峡的渡船cross-fertilize 异花受精crossfire 交叉火力crypto-/ krpt; NAmE -to/combining form(in nouns) secret:秘密的；保密的；隐蔽的：a crypto-communist 地下共产党cyber-/ sab(r); NAmE /combining form(in nouns and adjectives) connected with electronic communication networks, especially the Internet:计算机的，电脑的，网络的，网路的（尤指互联网）：cybernetics 控制论cybercafe 网吧de-/ di; NAmE /prefix (in verbs and related nouns, adjectives and adverbs) the opposite of: 的反义decentralization 权利分散removing sth:除掉；去掉：to defrost the refrigerator (= remove layers of ice from it)给冰箱除霜deca-/ dek; NAmE /combining form(in nouns) ten; having ten:十；有十的：decathlon 十项全能运动-comparedeci-deci-/ des-; NAmE /combining form(in nouns; often used in units of measurement) one tenth:十分之一：decilitre 分升-comparedeca-demi-/ demi; NAmE /prefix(in nouns) half; partly:半；部分：demigod 半神半人demo- prefix(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with people or population:与人(或人口)有关的democracy 民主democratic 民主的di-/ da; NAmE /combining form(chemistry) (in nouns that are names of chemical compounds) containing two atoms or groups of the type mentioned:含有两个原子的；含有两组物质的carbon dioxide 二氧化碳dis-/ ds; NAmE /prefix(in adjectives, adverbs, nouns and verbs) not; the opposite of:不；非；相反；相对：dishonest 不诚实disagreeably 不合意地disadvantage 不利条件disappear 消失e-/ i; NAmE /combining form(in nouns and verbs) connected with the use of electronic communication, especially the Internet, for sending information, doing business, etc.:电子的；电子通信的：e-commerce 电子商务e-business 电子商务-see alsoE-fit, emaileco-/ ik; NAmE iko/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with the environment:环境的；生态的eco-friendly 环保的eco-warriors (= people who protest about damage to the environment) 生态保护斗士eco-terrorism (= the use of force or violent action in order to protest about damage to the environment) 过激环保行为(用暴力行动来抗议对环境的破坏)electro-/ lektr; NAmE -tro/combining form(in nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs) connected with electricity:电的：electromagnetism 电磁学en-/ n; NAmE / (also em- / m; NAmE / before b, m or p) prefix (in verbs)to put into the thing or condition mentioned:置于之中；处于状态；赋予：encase 置于箱中endanger 使遭危险empower 授权to cause to be:使；使成为enlarge 扩大embolden 壮胆equi-/ ikw-; NAmE ; ek-; NAmE /combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) equal; equally:相等的；相等地：equidistant 等距equilibrium 平衡ex-/ eks; NAmE /prefix(in nouns) former:前任ex-wife 前妻ex-president 前总裁exa-/ eks-; NAmE /combining form(in units of measurement) 1018:艾(可萨)；百亿亿exajoule 百亿亿焦耳extra-/ ekstr; NAmE /prefix (in adjectives)outside; beyond:在之外；超出；越出extramarital sex 婚外性行为extraterrestrial beings 外星人(informal) very; more than usual:非常；格外；十分：extra-thin 特别瘦extra-special 十分特别femto-/ femt; NAmE -to/combining form(technical) (in units of measurement) 10-15:飞(母托)；毫微微；千万亿分之一：a femtosecond 毫微微秒fore-/ f(r); NAmE /combining form (in nouns and verbs)before; in advance:先于；预先foreword 前言foretell 预言in the front of:在前部the foreground of the picture图画的前景geo- combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) of the earth: 地球的geochemical 地球化学的geoscience 地球科学giga-/ -; NAmE ; d-; NAmE /combining form(in nouns; used in units of measurement) 109 or 230:吉(咖)；千兆；十亿：gigahertz 千兆赫haemo- (BrE) (NAmE hemo-)/ him; NAmE -mo/combining form(in nouns and adjectives) connected with blood(有关)血液的:haemophilia 血友病hecto-/ hekt; NAmE -to/combining form(in nouns; often used in units of measurement) one hundred:百hectometre 百米hetero-/ hetr-; NAmE -ro/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) other; different:其他;不同的heterogeneous 由很多种类组成的heterosexual 异性恋者-comparehomo-hexa-/ heks; NAmE / (also hex-) combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) six; having six六;有六个的homo-/ hm-; hm-; NAmE homo-/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) the same同样;相同homogeneous 同种类的-comparehetero-hydr(o)-/ hadr(); NAmE -dr(o)/combining form (in nouns, adjectives and adverbs)connected with water与水有关的hydroelectric 水电(chemistry) combined with hydrogen含氢的;氢化的:hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hyper-/ hap(r); NAmE /prefix(in adjectives and nouns) more than normal; too much:过度；过多：hypercritical批评苛刻的hypertension高血压-comparehypo-hypo-/ hap; NAmE -po/ (also hyp-) prefix(in adjectives and nouns) under; below normal:在之下；低于；次于：hypodermic皮下注射的.hypothermia体温过低-comparehyper-in- prefix/ n; NAmE /(also il- / l; NAmE / im- /m; NAmE / ir- /r; NAmE /) (in adjectives, adverbs and nouns) not; the opposite of:不；非；相反：infinite无限的illogical不合逻辑的immorally 不道德地irrelevance不相关(also im- / m; NAmE /) (in verbs) to put into the condition mentioned:使置于某状态inflame 使愤怒imperil使处于危险之中infra- prefix(in adjectives) below or beyond a particular limit:低于(或超出)某限度的：infrared 红外线的-compareultra-inter-/ nt(r); NAmE /prefix(in verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs) between; from one to another:在之间；从此到彼；相互interface 界面interaction 相互作用international 国际-compareintra-intra- prefix(in adjectives and adverbs) inside; within:在()里；在()内：intravenous 静脉内的intra-departmental (= within a department) 部门内的-compareinter-iso-/ as; NAmE aso/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) equal:相等；相同：isotope 同位素isometric 等距的kilo-/ kl; NAmE klo/combining form(in nouns; often used in units of measurement) one thousand:千：kilojoule千焦耳macro-/ mkr; NAmE /combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) large; on a large scale:大的；宏观的；大规模的：macroeconomics 宏观经济学OPP micro-mal-/ ml; NAmE /combining form(in nouns, verbs and adjectives) bad or badly; not correct or correctly:糟糕；坏；错：malpractice 玩忽职守malodorous 有恶臭的malfunction 故障mega-/ me-; NAmE /combining form (in nouns)very large or great:巨大的；了不起的：a megastore 大商场(in units of measurement) one million:百万a megawatt 百万瓦特(computing) 1 048 576 (= 220):兆megabyte 兆字节meta-/ met; NAmE /combining form (in nouns, adjectives and verbs)connected with a change of position or state(位置或状态)变化的metamorphosis 变形metabolism 新陈代谢higher; beyond:高于；在上；在外：metaphysics 新而上学metalanguage 元语言micro-/ makr; NAmE -kro/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) small; on a small scale:微小的；规模小的：microchip 微芯片microorganism 微生物OPP macro-(in nouns; used in units of measurement) one millionth:微；百万分之一：a microlitre 百万分之一升mid-/ md; NAmE /combining form(in nouns and adjectives) in the middle of:居中；在中间：mid-morning coffee 上午十点钟左右的咖啡Shes in her mid-thirties.她三十五六岁了milli-/ mli; NAmE /combining form(in nouns; used in units of measurement) one thousandth:千分之一milligram 毫克mini-/ mni; NAmE /combining form(in nouns) small:小的；短的mini-break (= a short holiday / vacation) 短假minigolf 小型高尔夫球mis-/ ms; NAmE /prefix(in verbs and nouns) bad or wrong; badly or wrongly:坏(或错)的；糟糕(错误)地misbehaviour行为不端misinterpret误解mono-/ mn; NAmE mno/ (also mon-) combining form(in nouns and adjectives) one; single:单；单一monorail 单轨铁路monogamy 一夫一妻制multi-/ mlti; NAmE /combining form(in nouns and adjectives) more than one; many:多个；许多multicoloured 多色的a multimillionaire 拥有几百万财产的富翁a multimillion-dollar business 数百万元资产的企业a multi-ethnic society 多种族社会nano-/ nn; NAmE /combining form(technical) (in nouns and adjectives; used especially in units of measurement) one billionth:纳(诺)；毫微；十亿分之一：nanosecond 毫微秒nanometre 毫微米neo-/ ni; NAmE nio/combining form(in adjectives and nouns) new; in a later form:新的；新式的neo-Georgian 新乔治王朝时代风格的neo-fascist 新法西斯主义者neuro-/ njr; NAmE nro/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with the nerves:神经系统有关的：neuroscience 神经系统科学a neurosurgeon 神经外科医生non-/ nn; NAmE nn/prefix(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) not:无；没有：nonsense 废话non-fiction 纪实文学non-alcoholic 不含酒精non-profit-making 非营利性的non-committally 含糊其辞HELP NOTEMost compounds with non are written with a hyphen in BrE but are written as one word with no hyphen in NAmE.octo-/ kt-; NAmE kto-/ (also oct-) combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) eight; having eight:八；八的：octagon 八角形off-/ f; NAmE f; f/prefix(in nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs) not on; away from:不在上；离开；去掉：offstage 不在舞台上offload 卸掉oft-/ ft; NAmE ft/prefix(in adjectives) often:时常：an oft-repeated claim 一再重复的说法omni-/ mn-; NAmE m-/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) of all things; in all ways or places:总；全部；遍：omnivore 杂食动物omnipresent 无所不在ortho-/ ; NAmE ro/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) correct; standard:正确的；标准的：orthodox 正统的orthography 正字法osteo-/ sti; NAmE stio-/combining form(in nouns and adjectives) connected with bones:骨的：osteopath 骨疗医生out-/ at; NAmE /prefix(in verbs) greater, better, further, longer, etc.:超越；超过：outnumber 在数量上压倒outwit 在智慧上胜过outgrow 上得比快；outlive 活得比长(in nouns and adjectives) outside; outward; away from:在外面；向外；离开：outbuildings 附属建筑物outpatient 问诊病人outlying 偏远的outgoing 向外的over-/ v(r); NAmE o-/prefix (in nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs)more than usual; too much:太；过于：overproduction 生产过剩overload 超载over-optimistic 过分乐观overconfident 过分自信overanxious 过于急切completely:完全overjoyed 十分高兴upper; outer; extra:上面；外面；二外：overcoat 大衣overtime 加班over; above:上方；上空：overcast 阴云密布overhang 悬挂paed- (BrE) (NAmE ped-)/ pid-; NAmE /combining form(in nouns and adjectives) connected with children:与儿童有关的；儿童的：paediatrician 儿科医生palaeo- (especially BrE) (NAmE usually paleo-)/ pli; pel-; NAmE -io/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with ancient times 古代的：Palaeolithic 旧石器时代的pan-/ pn; NAmE /combining form(in adjectives and nouns) including all of sth; connected with the whole of sth:包含一切的；全部的；泛：pan-African 泛非洲的pandemic 大流行病para-/ pr; NAmE /prefix (in nouns and adjectives)beyond:超越：paranormal 超常的similar to but not official or not fully qualified:准；近似：paramilitary 准军事的a paramedic 医务辅助人员patho-/ p; NAmE -o/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with disease:与疾病有关：pathogenesis (= the development of a disease) 发病机制pathophysiology 病理生理学penta-/ pent; NAmE /combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) five; having five:五；五的：pentagon 五边形pentathlon 现代五项运动peta-/ pet-; NAmE /combining form(in nouns; used in units of measurement) 1015; one thousand million million拍(它)；千万亿：petro-/ petr; NAmE petro/combining form (in nouns, adjectives and adverbs)connected with rocks:岩石的petrology 岩石学connected with petrol / gas:石油的；汽油的：petrochemical 石油化学产品philo-/ fl; NAmE flo/ (also phil-) combining form(in nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs) liking:爱好；喜爱：philanthropy 博爱phono-/ fn; NAmE fono-/ (also phon-) combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with sound or sounds:声的；声音的；语音的：phonetic 语音的photo-/ ft; NAmE foto/combining form (in nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs)connected with light:光的;关于光的photosynthesis 光合作用connected with photography:摄影的；照相的photogenic 上相的physio-/ fzi; NAmE fzio/combining form (in nouns, adjectives and adverbs)connected with nature自然的physiography(=physical geography) 自然地理学connected with physiology 生理学的physiotherapy 物理治疗法pico-/ pik-; pak-; NAmE -ko-/combining form(in nouns; used in units of measurement) 10-12; one million millionth皮(可)；微微；万亿分之一：picosecond 微微秒poly-/ pli; NAmE pli/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) many:多；复：polygamy 一夫多妻polyphonic 复调的post-/ pst; NAmE post/prefix(in nouns, verbs and adjectives) after:后；以后：a postgraduate 研究生a post-Impressionist 后印象主义者the post-1945 period 1945年以后的时期-compareante-,pre-pre-/ pri; NAmE /prefix(in verbs, nouns and adjectives) before:先于；在前：preheat 预热precaution 预防pre-war 战前preseason training (= before a sports season starts) 赛季前的训练-compareante-,post-pro-/ pr; NAmE pro/prefix(in adjectives) in favour of; supporting:拥护；支持；亲：pro-democracy 拥护民主-compareanti-proto-/ prt; NAmE proto/combining form(in nouns and adjectives) original; from which others develop:原始的；最初的：prototype 原型proto-modernist painters 原始现代派画家pseudo-/ sud; sju-; NAmE sudo/combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) not genuine; false or pretended:假的；伪的；冒牌的：pseudo-intellectual 假知识分子pseudo-science 伪科学psycho-/ sak; NAmE -ko/ (also psych-) combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) connected with the mind:精神的；灵魂的；心灵的；心里的：psychology 心理学psychiatric 精神病学的quadri-/ kwdr-; NAmE kwd-/ (also quadr-) combining form(in nouns, adjectives and adverbs) four; having four:四；四的：quadrilateral 四边形quadruplet 四胞胎之一quasi-/ kweza; NAmE ; -sa; NAm