初三英语语法专题--被动语态.doc

初三英语专题（九）被动语态一、定义：被动语态强调动作的被执行者（承受者）。即句子中主语是动作（谓语）的被执行者（承受者）。而主动语态正好相反，主动语态强调动作的执行者，句子中主语是动作（谓语）的执行者。For example, 主动语态：Many people speak English in the world. 被动语态： English is spoken by many people in the world.二、用法:被动语态用法口诀谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没必要.突出承受者或礼貌，用被动语态错不了。For example:This jacket is made of cotton.(不知道)Many trees must be planted every year.（没必要） She was asked to sing a song yesterday.(表突出)三、基本结构：被动语态的基本结构是：主语谓语【bep.p(动词的过去分词)】（by宾语）其他。附：各种时态中被动语态谓语结构巧记口诀： 被动不离be p.p.,p.p.前面助动be 主谓一致莫忘记，句中时态要留意。 Am,is,are现在时，am,is,arep.p. Was,were表过去，was,werep.p 完成have/has/had been, have/has/had beenp.p. 将来、情态be原形,will( be going to),can,may must should( ought to)bep.p. 进行时态两个be,前表时态后加ing,be(am,is,are.was,were)beingp.p.四、句型转换：1.改为一般疑问句，只要将主语后第一个助动词提前（注意人称或数的变化），句子后加？就可以了。回答：Yes,.No,.2.改为特殊疑问句（对画线提问），仍然是一代二提三改四问号。3.改为否定句，只要在主语后第一个助动词后面加not即可（常缩写）。五、主动语态变为被动语态：1.口诀：宾语提前主语变，时态人称be关键。过去分词勿变错，原主变宾by后见。 For example:The old man often waters the flowers. The school builtthe library in 1996. The government has built many roats forpoeple. Tom will(is going to) invite me to his party next week. We ought to(should)take more actios to prevent it. 2.主动语态是双宾语变被动语态： 一般把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，则要在bep.p.后加to或for sbFor example:He gave me a book yestrday. I was given a book by him yesterday.（变间宾） A book was given to me by him yesterday.（变直宾）口诀：双宾主变被，最好变间宾。如要变直宾，be p.p.后面to(for)跟。3.含有感使类动词主动句变被动句：口诀:感使动词真奇怪，to去to 来令人猜。 主动语态to 离去，被动语态to 回来。For example: He makes the workers work 12 hours a day The workers are made to work 12 hours a day by him. They watched her play the piano. 常见的感使类动词有：feel, hear ,listen to, see, watch,look at, make 即：feel/hear /listen to/ see/watch/make sb. do sth.变被动sb. be felt/heard/listened to/seen/watched/made to do sth. feel/hear /listen to/ see/watch/make sb. doing sth.变被动sb. be felt/heard/listened to/seen/watched/made doing sth.六、主动语态表示被动意义：1.come out,happen,take place一般不用于被动句子中。For example:The book has come out already. What happened to him? Great changes have taken place in my home town.2.表示开始和结束的动词：Begin,start,finish,end,open,close,当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行这时。For example,What does the meeting begin? The library opens at 9:00a.m.and closes at 5:00p.m.3.一些连系动词，look,sound,smell,feel,taste. For example,This kind of apple tastes delicious. The English song sounds very beautiful.4.一些可与well,easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，read,write,wash,sell. For example,This pen writes very well. These clothes wash well. This kind of books reads easily.5. need doing表示需要被做。For example，My hair needs cutting.(对于头发来说是被剪)6. have sth. done 也含有被动的含义，指某物被. For example, Teenagers shouldnt have their ears pierced. 青少年不应该穿耳洞。七、短语动词的被动语态有些不及物动词后面加介词或副词构成短语动词，用于被动语态时，千万不能漏掉该短语动词后面的介词或副词。For example,Evreyone laughed at her. She was laughed at by everyone. We must speak to old men politely. Old men must be spoken to politely by us. Mother wakes her up at 6:30 every morning. She is woken up by mother at 6:30 every morning.练习1.Newspapers are made _ paper. Paper is made _ wood.A.from/of B. of/from C. of/in D. in/from 2.A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China.A.must B. must be C. has D. have 3.This dictionary mustnt _ from the library.A.take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away4.My shoes _ . I went out for a new pair.A.is worn out B. wore out C. were worn off D. were worn out 5.His car _ tomorrow.A.will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repairedD. has been repaired 6.When your homework _ , we will go to play football.A.is done B. are done C. had done D. will be done7.He asked me _.A.what the paper is used B. what the paper was used forC. what was the paper made of D. whats the paper used as 8.Three fourths of the information on the internet _ in English.A.am B. is C. are D. be9.English is widely used. Many business letters around the world _ in it.A.are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing 10.This pair of scissors _ in China.A.Make B. made C. is made D. are made11.Three quarters of the messages _ by telegraph.A.Was sent B. were sent C. Sent D. send12. In the past 10 years, China _ up many man-made satellites.A.has been sent B. has sent C. was sent D. sent 13.They _ to help the farmers with the harvest last autumn.A.asked B. asking C. to ask D. were asked14.We are always kept _.A.to smoking B. on smoking C. from smoking D. off smoking 15.Nothing can stop us _ English.A.learn B. learning C. learned D. learns16.Mary _ some songs in her room in the morning.A.heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. is heard to sing17. Mary _ an English song in her room last night.A.was heard to sing B. is heard to sing C.was heard singing D. is heard singing 18. The guide said that the dinosaur eggs _ about 95 million years ago.A.lay B. were lay C. laid D. were laid19. We found the ground _ snow.A.cover with B. is covered with C.was covered with D. was covering with 20. The shop assistant showed a hat _ red silk to us.A.made from B. made of C. was made of D. was made from 21. We can find many pictures _ by Xu Beihong in the museum.A.drawing B. drawn C. drew D. to draw22.Have these words _ by us yesterday?A.been learnt B. learnt C. learned D. were learnt 23. Have you heard of a dinosaur _ feathers?A.was covered by B. was covered with C. covered with D. covered by24.About 500 cars _ in the factory next month.A.were produced B. will be produced C. will be made D. have been produced 25.She _ for 10 years.A.has been marry B. has married C. has been married D. have marry 26.The sentence “Thank you” _ in our everyday life.A.Often use B. often use C.is often used D. are often used 27.Most business letters are _ English.A.wrote by B. writing with C. Written in D. written by28.The box is used _ sitting _ a chair _ Mike.A.for,as, by B. by,for,of C. as,for,by D. for,by,as 29.Middle school students _ not to smoke.A.always tell B. are told always C. tell always D. are always told30.The room had better _ this afternoon.A.be cleaned B. to be cleaned C. clean D. to clean31. Everyone knows that paper _ in China.A was made first B. at first was made C. was made at firstD. was first made 32. He said that his teeth needed _.A.to be repaired B. repair C. repaired D. to repair33.The idea seems good but it needs_.A.Trying on B. To try at C. To be tried out D. Being tried 34. Tell me what _ next.A.to be finished B. Be finished C. To finish D. Finish 35. The dirty clothes _ by his mother now.A.are washed B. are washing C. were washed D. are being washed36.Tom ! You _on the phone just now, but you _in.A.wanted , were B. are wanted , are C. were wanted , werent D. called , arent 阅读小练身AA smile will tell people around you that you are a kind and friendly person. However,many people dont smile because they think they ugly teeth. For example, one of my classmates, Mile, doesnt have very nice teeth,so thatis why he seldom opens his mouth.he even says that he has lost cofidence because of his teeth.So it is very important for us to look after our teeth. In fact, a lot of people have this problem.Some people inherit teeth problems from their parents,while othersteeth are damaged because of bad habits,like heavy smoking,eating too much sugar or not brush-ing teeth often.If your teeth are in bad shape, you should see a dentist and ask for help. They can help improve your teeth and tell you how to take care of then.Smiling can help you to feel more confident and make other people think of you as a more friendly person. If you want to keep healthy,you should not only smile but also laugh. An Indian doctor called Kataria said that young children should laugh about 300 times a day, wile adults should laugh between 7 and 15 times a day. So please take this chance to smile and laugh now!1. What has made Mike lose his confidence?A. His bad habit. B. His bad teeth.C. Not smiling. D. Eating too much sugar.2. Many people dont smile because .A. they dont like smiling B. they think they are ugly C.their teeth are not beautiful D. they cant open their mouths 3. What can a dentist do according to the passage?A. A dentist can tell you how to improve your bad teeth.B. A dentist can help you to take care of your bad teeth.C. A dentist can tell you how to brush your teeth.D. Both A and B.4. If you want to keep healthy, you had better .A. not smile often B. laugh all the time C.neiter smile nor laugh D. smile and even laugh often5. How many times should a child laugh every day in doctor Katarias opinion?A. Either 300 or 30 times a day. B. Between 7 and 15 times a day.C. Around 300 times a day. D. Only 30 times a day.BOn 26th January, the biggest earthquake (地震) in India took the lives of 25, 000 people. In the morning, when everybody was enjoying holiday, earthquake began. It was about 7. 5 on the Ritcher scale. There is nothing left between the sky and the earth any more. Everything has been pulled down, said one of the villagers alive. There is no water, no food and no one has come to help. Nobody died in Pakistan, a country next to India. The City of Lahore was lucky. In Lahore American School, where I was studying, all of the students were safe. They were on the field, so most children didnt feel anything. The earthquake was felt by the teachers that were on the second floor. However, though Mrs Young was also on the second floor, she didnt feel anything. She didnt know what happened until a teacher told her about it. Those teachers who were on the other floors had different feelings. Mr Emond, the maths teacher from Australia, said that when the earthquake started he thought there was something wrong with him, but then another teacher said that it was an earthquake. After those words Mr Emond felt better. Mrs Davis and Mr Frost didnt feel anything either. My mother didnt feel anything. She didnt even know that it was an earthquake till she saw a shaking (moving from side to side) light. My dad saw the computer shaking and then he looked out of the window and saw many people going out. 6. People use Ritcher scale to tell . A. where the earthquake takes place B. when the earthquake takes place C. how serious the earthquake is D. how long the earthquake lasts 7. We learn that from the sentence There is nothing left between the sky and the earth any more. A. India is a large country B. the Indian people had nothing after the earthquake C. there is no tall building in India D. the earthquake in India was serious 8. The City of Lahore is . A. in India B. in America C. in Pakistan D. in Australia 9. Which is true? A. I was with my parents when the earthquake happened. B. The earthquake in the city of Lahore wasnt serious. C. People in the City of Lahore were frightened when they knew it was an earthquake. D. The teachers in Lahore American School were afraid of the earthquake. 完形填空It was yearbook day and we were given an hour to sign each others yearbooks in the cafeteria. I was president of the class and I played sports. When I sat down at a table, people started to come over to get their yearbooks signed and to sign _1_.Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kept shaking. I had seen him around, and I knew he was always laughed at. He seemed _2_ of himself, and was so pale that it _3_ us to look at him.He came up and asked me nervously, “Can you sign this?” I took his yearbook but I didnt know _4_ to write. I saw that there was the name “Ricky Sanders” written on the front of it. So I wrote: I put down the yearbook and turned around to get some signatures from some of my friends when I _5_ my yearbook was gone. I saw that Ricky had sat down with my yearbook. “What are you doing?” I asked him. He looked up calmly(平静地) and _6_said “Sign!”My friends broke into a loud laugh, and I saw that he was carefully frying to put a signature in my yearbook. He hadnt even finished the “R” ye