英语专八-最全英美文学常识.

1 英国文学英国文学 English Literature 450 1066Old English or Anglo Saxon Period 古英语 或盎格鲁 撒克逊 时期 1066 1500Middle English Period 中古英语时期 1500 1660 1516 1578 1578 1625 1625 1660 The Renaissance 文艺复兴 1 The beginning of the Renaissance 2 The flowering period 3 The epilogue of the Renaissance 1660 1785The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义时期 1785 1830The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期 1832 1901The Victorian Period 维多利亚时期 1901 1914The Edwardian Period 爱德华时期 1910 1936The Georgian Period 乔治五世时期 1914 The Modern Period 现代时期 1945 Postmodernism 后现代主义 一 一 Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学 8 世纪 14 世纪 1 The Old English Period The Anglo Saxon Period古英语时期 449 1066 a pagan poetry 异教诗歌 Beowulf 贝奥武甫 最早最早的诗歌 长诗 3000 行 heroism a heroic Scandinavian epic legend 善恶有报 b religious poetry Caedmon 凯德蒙 610 680 the first known religious poet the father of English song Cynewulf 基涅武甫 9C The Christ c 8th C Anglo Saxon prose Venerable Bede 673 735 Alfred the Great 848 901 2 The Medieval Period 中世纪 1066 ca 1485 1500 a Romance 中世纪传奇故事 1200 1500 the Middle Ages 英雄诗歌 无名诗人 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 高文爵士与绿色骑士 Celtic legend verse romance 2530 lines 14th C Age of Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟 1340 1400 文风 vivid and exact language his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English poetry the father of English fiction 首创 双韵体 couplet 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家 The Canterbury Tales pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio 薄伽丘 Decameron 十日谈 启发 The House of Fame Troilus and Criseyde The Romaunt of the Rose 玫瑰罗曼史 译作 William Langland 朗兰 1332 1400 The Vision of Piers Plowman 农夫皮尔斯之幻象 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b 15th C English ballads Thomas Malory 1395 1471 Morte D Arthur 亚瑟王之死 圆桌骑士 二 二 The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴 1500 1660 humanism 十四行诗 文艺复兴 无韵诗 伊丽莎白戏剧 1 诗歌诗歌 Henry Howard 霍华德 1516 1547 a Thomas Wyatt 怀亚特 1503 1542 the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature b Sir Philip Sidney 雪尼爵士 1554 1586 代表了当时的理想 the complete man Defense of Poetry 为诗辩护 Astrophel and Stella Arcadia 阿卡狄亚 a prose romance filled with lyrics a forerunner of the modern world c Edmund Spenser 斯宾塞 1552 1599 the poets poet non dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代 long allegorical romance 文风 a perfect melody a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen 仙后 long poem for Queen Elizabeth Allegory nine line verse stanza the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza 斯宾塞诗体 Nine lines the first eight lines is in iambic 抑扬格 pentameter 五步诗 and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter 六步诗 line 2 2 Prose 散文 a Thomas More 莫尔 1478 1535 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人 Utopia 乌托邦 More与海员的对话 b John Lyly 黎里 1553 160 剧作家 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱 the trumpeter of a new age Essays 论说文集 Of Studies Of Love Of Beauty the first true English prose classic 3 戏剧戏剧 a Christopher Marlowe 马洛 1564 1593 University Wits 大学才子派 Edward II The Jew of Malta 马耳他的犹太人 first made blank verse 无韵诗 不押韵的五步诗 the principle instrument of English drama The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus 浮士德博士的悲剧 根据德国民间故事书写成 完善了无韵体诗 Tamburlaine the Great 帖木儿大帝 残酷而野心勃勃的帝王 b William Shakespeare 剧作家 现实主义创始人 16 comedies Merchant of Venice Shylock Antonio Bassanio Portia The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍记 A Mid Summer Night s Dream As You Like It 皆大欢喜 The Twelfth Night The Comedy of Errors Much Ado About Nothing 无事生非 The Winter s Tale 冬天的故事 All is Well that Ends Well 终成眷 属 11 tragedies Romeo and Juliet Hamlet Macbeth 麦克白 The Tempest 暴风雨 Othello a hero Othello vs bad man Iago Venice and Cyprus King Lear British King greatest achievement most complex in plot and most painful 10 historical plays Henry IV Henry V c Ben Jonson 琼生 1562 1637 诗人 Volpone 狐狸 The Alchemist 炼金术士 三 17 世纪文学世纪文学 1 Literature of the Revolution Period Age of Milton 资产阶级革命时期 poetry Metaphysical 玄学派 Cavalier骑士派 a John Donne 多恩 1572 1631 玄学派玄学派创始人 A Valediction Forbidding Mourning 临别辞 莫悲伤 文风 obscene vulgar and serious philosophical thinking the conflict between body and soul The Holy Sonnets The Flea Go and Catch a Falling Star The Songs and Sonnets 主题 爱 b John Milton 弥尔顿 1608 1674 Renaissance and Reformation 宗教改革 Paradise Regained 复乐园 Paradise Lost 失乐园 the greatest English epic Satan is the hero Samson Agonistes 力士参孙 closet drama for reading rather than performing On His Blindness 目盲自咏 Areopagitica 论出版自由 Comus L allegro 快乐的人 Lycidas c John Bunyan 班扬 1628 1688 prose writing in the Puritan Age 文风 simple and lively prose style The Pilgrim s Progress 天路历程 prose allegory depicting a human soul searching for salvation 宗教寓言 具有永恒意义的百科全书 英国文学史上里程碑式著作 与但丁 神曲 奥古斯丁 忏悔录 并列世界三大宗教题材文学杰作世界三大宗教题材文学杰作 2 Literature of the Restoration Period Age of Dryden 王政复辟 德莱顿时期 tendancy to Realism and Formalism restoration literature cliquish culture小集团文化 French classical taste a John Dryden 德莱顿 1631 1700 批评家 the father of English Criticism establish the heroic couplet 英雄史诗式两行诗 as the fashion for satiric didactic 说教 and descriptive 描写 poetry 最先最先提出 玄学诗人 一词 他创造的 英语双韵体couplet 成为英国诗歌的主要形式之一 All for Love Alexander s Feast An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 论戏剧诗歌 the great playwrights of Greece and Rome 英国文艺复兴 rationality equality 中期 Samuel Johnson old classics Conform to rules and principles established by Roman and Greek Classical writers use rimed couplet 押韵的两行诗 Order logic restrained emotion and accuracy be judged in terms of the thematic concern a Samuel Pepys 毕博思 1633 1703 The greatest diarist in 17th C The Diary b Alexander Pope 蒲柏 1688 1744 新古典主义代表 master in satire and heroic couplet Age of Pope 18 世纪初期 文风 词句工整 精练 富有哲理 对Byron影响巨大 first introduced rationalism to England An Essay on Criticism 处女作 An Essay on Man Odyssey The Rape of the Lock 夺发记 Dunciad 愚人记 c Richard Steele 斯梯尔 1672 1729 Addison wrote essays 抨击封建偏见 傲慢的富人 及大众对赌博和决斗的反感 The Spectator 旁观者报 共同创办 the Spectator Club 现代英语小说先锋 贡献 资产阶级新社会道德 18 世纪英国社会真实写照 英语散文正式成为一大文学流派 d Samuel Johnson 字典约翰 1709 1784 literary dictator grand champion in literature of that age The Dictionary of the English Language 英语字典的基础 The Lives of English poets 52 early English poets 2 十八世纪小说的崛起十八世纪小说的崛起 首批首批英国小说家 the Sentimentalist Father of English and European Novels Moll Flanders The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe the first person singular Crusoe represented the English bourgeoisie at the early stage of its development A Journal of the Plague Year b Henry Fielding 菲尔丁 1707 1754 小说家 英国现代小说创始人 comic epic in prose创始人 文风 exact study and observation of real life Joseph Andrews Amelia The History of Tom Jones a Foundling 弃婴汤姆 琼斯的故事 18 世纪英国群像 Mr Allworthy Prose Humor c Jonathan Swift 斯威夫特 1667 1745 政论家 Proper words in proper places makes the true definitions of a style Gulliver s Travels 格列佛游记 Liliput 小人国 Brogdingnagians 大人国 Laputa 勒普泰岛 Houyhnhnms 慧马国 The Battle of the Books The Tale of a Tub A Modest Proposal bitter irony d Tobias George Smollett 1721 1771 冒险小说 Sentimentalism 感伤主义感伤主义 It indulges in emotion and sentiment which are used as a sort of relief for the grief felt towards the world s wrongs and as a kind of mild protest against social injustice a Samuel Richardson 理查森 1689 1761 the founder of the English domestic novel 小说开始审视 发生于内心的东西 Pamela Clarissa The History of Sir Charles Grandison b Laurence Sterne 斯特恩 1713 1768 Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy 项狄传 unusual and queer artistic form c Oliver Goldsmith 戈德史密斯 1728 1774 Romantic school The Deserted Village 荒村 She stoops to Conquer The Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲尔德的牧师 one of the most enduring characters in English fiction 3 Poetry of the Pre Romanticism and Sentimentalism 前浪漫主义和感伤主义诗歌 18 世纪中期 a James Thomson 汤姆森 1700 1748 苏格兰 The Seasons theme nature blank verse the first significant poem in the tradition of Pre Romanticism b Edward Young 杨 1683 1765 c William Collins 柯林斯 1721 1759 Ode to Evening 晚颂 d Thomas Gray 格雷 1716 1771 sympathy for the poor and unknown mocks the great ones who despise and hurt them Elergy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓园挽歌 Ode on the Spring e William Blake 布莱克 1757 1827 浪漫派诗人 画家 雕刻家 symbolism The Marriage of Heaven and Hell Songs of Experience 经验之歌 The Tiger London The Chimney Sweeper 扫烟囱的孩子 世间的丑恶 Songs of Innocence 天真之歌 The Lamb Poetical Sketches 素描诗集 f Robert Burns 彭斯 1759 1796 苏格兰 the greatest songwriter the national poet of Scotland the people s poet 文风 lyrics on love and friendship simplicity Scotch dialects My Heart s in the Highland A Red Red Rose Auld Lang Syne 旧日美好时光 For a That and a That 不管那一套 4 4 戏剧 a John Gay 盖伊 1685 1732 The Beggar s Opera 乞丐歌剧 one of the most conspicuous stage triumphs b Richard Brinsley Sheridan 谢立丹 1751 1816 喜剧作家 tendency to Realism the artificial comedy 风俗喜剧 criticize English high society for its vanity greed and hypocrisy 五 五 The Romantic Period英国浪漫主义文学 1798 1832 女性小说家涌现 passion emotion and natural beauty It begins with William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge s joint work Lyrical Ballads in 1798 It ends with the death of Walter Scott in 1832 The Poetic Revolution 1798 1837 Blake Wordsworth Coleridge Byron Shelley and Keats 反对新古典主义文学 1 特点特点 individuals 1 It is marked by a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom 2 It returns to nature and to plain humanity for its material 3 It is marked by renewed interest and medieval ideals and literature 4 It is marked by intense human sympathy and by a consequent understanding of the human heart 5 It is the expression of individual genius rather than established rules 6 Spenser Shakespeare and Milton are inspiration of the Romantic Movement 2 诗歌诗歌 Lakers Lake Poets 湖畔诗人 第一代第一代 Wordsworth Coleridge Lines Written in Early Spring 英国浪漫主义开端 The Prelude 序曲 The Solitary Reaper 孤独的割麦女 I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud Composed upon Westminster Bridge Lucy Poems My Heart Leaps Up To the Cuckoo 致布谷鸟 b Samuel Taylor Coleridge 柯勒律治 1772 1834 poet and literary critic Kubla Khan 忽必烈汗 Christabel The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Lyrical Ballads 古舟子咏 The Fall of the Bastille 巴士底狱的倒塌 c Robert Southey 骚赛 Joan of Arc 圣女贞德 3 诗歌诗歌 第二代第二代诗人 早熟 热情而短命 against the bourgeois society and the ruling class 自由至上 a George Gordon Byron 拜伦 1788 1824 lyrical poems deal with nature and love Cain 该隐 Don Juan 唐璜 西班牙贵族子弟周游各国 发生在 18 世纪后半叶 长诗 Childe Harold s Pilgrimage 恰尔德 哈罗尔德游记 Childe是其诗歌中首位拜伦式英雄 长诗 Byronic Heroes 孤傲 狂热 浪漫 却充满反抗精神 内心孤独苦闷 却又蔑视群小 She Walks in Beauty When We Two Parted Hebrew Melodies 希伯来歌曲 b Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱 1792 1822 love the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters Queen Mab The Revolt of Islam 伊斯兰的反叛 Adonais A Defence of Poetry The Necessity of Atheism 无神论 诗剧 The Cenci 钦契一家 Promethus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯 Greek mythology love lyrics Ode To a Skylark 云雀颂 Ode to the West Wind 冬天来了 春天还会远吗 swift proud and wild的西 风 c John Keats 济慈 1794 1821 ode Beauty is truth truth beauty leading principle Ode to Psyche 普赛克颂 His poetry is distinguished by sensuousness 知觉 and the perfection of form Ode on Melancholy Isabella Ode to Autumn Ode to a Nightingale Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂 4 散文散文 19 世纪早期 critical prose writing Leigh Hunt De Quincy a Charles Lamb 兰姆 1774 1834 随笔 nostalgia humor delicacy personal and observations 最佳散文家 Old China 古旧的瓷器 Tales from Shakespeare 儿童文学 Essays of Elia 论说文集 b William Hazlitt 哈兹利特 1778 1830 犀利的文学批评 The Characters of Shakespeare s Plays Lectures on the English Poets Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Queen Elizabeth My First Acquaintance with Poets On Going a Journey 论出游 5 小说小说 5 a Walter Scott 司各特 1771 1832 西欧历史小说之父 the first novelist to recreate the past 浪漫主义向现实主义转变 Waverley 威弗利 Rob Roy 罗伯 罗伊 苏格兰历史 Ivanhoe 艾凡赫 b Jane Austen 简奥斯丁 1775 1817 humor wit and delicate satire true to life 首位女作家 以特有的敏锐和细腻刻画英国乡村中产阶级的生活和思想 预示现实主义小说崛起 Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺 Sense and Sensibility Pride and Prejudice Emma Persuasion 劝导 Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德庄园 c Mary Shelly 雪莉 Frankenstein 六 六 The Victorian Period维多利亚时期 1832 1901 Critical Realism 批判现实主义 novel poetry prose Full and detailed representation of social and political events and the fate of common people and of whole social class 1 小说小说 a Charles Dickens 狄更斯 1812 1870 小资产阶级知识分子 humoritst satirist With striking force and truthfulness he pictured bourgeois civilization showing the misery of common people Bleak Hous 荒凉山庄 Hard Times 艰难时世 A Christmas Carol 圣诞颂歌 1st Period 1836 1841 youthful optimism The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店 Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿 The Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传 退休商人Pickwick冒险经历 18 世纪早期的英国的小资们 petty bourgeoisie 2nd Period 1842 excitement and irritation David Copperfield Dombey and Son 董贝父子 3rd Period intensifying pessimism Great Expectations 远大前程 A Tale of Two Cities 革命主题 法国革命中的巴黎与伦敦 Dr Manette Lucie Shirley 雪莉 Emily Bronte 1818 1848 Wuthering Heights Heathcliff Kidnapped h William Morris 莫里斯 The Earthly Pradise Pilgrims of Hope 希望的探求者 2 诗歌诗歌 optimism and progressive vitality a Alfred Tennyson 丁尼生 1809 1902 维多利亚时代最具代表性的诗人 Poet Laureate In Memoriam 悼念 sounds and rhythms evoking moods linking descriptions of nature to the state of minds Poems by Two Brothers The Princess Maud Break Break Break 拍岸曲 The Idylls of the King 国王叙事诗 Ulysses 尤利西斯 b The Brownings 布朗宁夫妇 Robert Elizabeth Browning The Ring and the Book Sonnets from the Portuguese Robert Browning 1812 1889 dramatic monologues realistic optimistic believed in the progress of mankind Men and Women 诗集 My Last Duchess 我的前公爵夫人 Meeting at Night Home Thoughts from Abroad 3 散文散文 a Thomas Carlyle 卡莱尔 1795 1881 历史学家 The French Revolution 起因 the worker s miserable living condition b John Ruskin 作家 The Seven Lamps of Architecture Unto this Last Sesame and Lilies c Matthew Arnold 阿诺德 1822 1888 Dover Beach 多弗尔海滩 6 4 无产阶级文学无产阶级文学 a Ernest Jones 琼斯 1819 1869 the Chartist poets 宪章派诗人 b William Morris 莫里斯 1834 1896 the first socialist writer 5 19 世纪末期文学趋势世纪末期文学趋势 a Naturalism 19 世纪后半期 从现实主义发展而来 subjective and somber 达尔文 Emile Zola opposes the democratic and socialist ideals art for art s sake Oscar Wilde 王尔德 1854 1900 Aestheticism and Decadence An Ideal Husband A Woman of No Importance The Picture of Dorian Grey The Happy Prince and Other Tales Salome 莎乐美 Lady Windermere s Fan 温德米尔夫人的扇子 The Importance of Being Earnest 认真的重要 七 七 The Modern Period现代时期 1914 symbolism the stream of consciousness naturalism impressionism Impressionism 个人经历 低层中产阶级 powerful sweep Interlude The Indian Summer of a Forsyte Awakening b George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳 1856 1950 批判现实主义剧作家 1925Nobel Prize Mrs Warren s Profession 批判资本主义的罪恶面 humorist deals with contemporary social problems Heartbreak House Widowers House Man and Superman 人与超人 Pygmalion 卖花女 Major Barbara 巴巴拉少校 The Apple Cart 苹果车 c William Butler Yeats 叶芝 1865 1939 爱尔兰诗人 最终艺术和精神上的解放 Ulysses 尤利西斯 非传统小说 modernism no story plot action g Virginia Woolf 伍尔芙 1882 1941 现代主义 Bloomsbury Group The Common Reader Orlando Novels Mrs Dalloway To the Lighthouse The Waves Essays A Room of One s Own Three Guineas 三个基尼 女权运动经典作品 h Joseph Conrad 康拉德 1857 1924 The Nigger of the Narcissus 白水仙号上的黑家伙 Lord Jim Heart of Darkness i Robert Tressell 屈赛尔 1870 1911 The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists 穿破裤子的慈善家 j Edward Morgan Forster E M 福斯特 Howards End 霍华德庄园 A Passage to India 印度之行 A Room with a View Where Angels Fear to Tread 天使不敢驻足的地方 k William Somerset Maugham W S 毛姆 1874 1965 The Moon and Six Pence Of Human Bondage 人生的枷锁 i George Orwell 奥威尔 1903 1950 政治讽刺小说 Animal Farm 1984 Post modernism 二战后 愤怒青年 Aldous Leonard Huxley 赫胥黎 Brave New World a John James Osborne 奥斯本 1929 1994 剧作家 Look Back in Anger b Samuel Beckett 贝克特 1906 1989 爱尔兰剧作家 In a Free State A Bend in the River 河湾 The Enigma of Arrival 抵达之谜 g Harold Pinter 品特 1930 2008 剧作家 2005 Nobel Prize 萧伯纳之后英国最重要剧作家 20 世纪下半叶 英国戏剧创作流派Pinteresque 早期作品常为荒诞派戏剧 The Caretaker 看房者 The Birthday Party The Homecoming g Herbert George Wells 小说家 科幻 The Time Machine The Invisible Man 8 美美 国国 文文 学学 一 Before the Revolution of Independence 17 世纪之前 1 Native American Literature American Indians 印第安传统文学 1 Traditional Literature 口头文学 祝词 部落神话 英雄传说 民歌 2 Transitional Literature 19 世纪白人侵占史 翻译作品 3 Modern Literature 19 20 世纪 美国印第安人所著作品 2 Colonial America 殖民时期 16 世纪末 17 世纪中 narratives A Help to the Language of the Native in That Part of America Called New England 二 Around the Revolution of Independence独立革命时期 17 世纪中 18 世纪末 爱国主义 a polished and rhythmical balance of phrases Calvinist 加尔文主义 original sin and predestination Enlightenment 18th C an intellectual movement whose rationalistic spirit inspired Americans Deism Deism 自然神论 Deist 一神论 人能通过自身道德感和智慧创造辉煌 love truth and do good 科教 幸福 1 Benjamin Franklin 富兰克林 1706 1790 思想家 启蒙运动代表 rational man 独立宣言 起草者之一 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money The Way to Wealth Poor Richard s Almanac 穷查理历书 The Autobiography 自传 simplicity frankness American Dream 2 Thomas Paine 潘恩 1737 1809 政治宣传册 Common Sense 常识 独立革命时期最佳政治宣传册 Rights of Man 人权 The Age of Reason 理性时代 The American Crisis 16 本系列宣传册 The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题 Downfall of Despotism 专制体制的崩溃 3 Philip Freneau 弗伦诺 1752 1832 诗人 Father of American Poetry Poet of the American Revolution 文风 satire bitter polemicist 辩论家 The Wild Honeysuckle 野金银花 The Indian Burying Ground lyric The Rising Glory of America The British Prison Ship To the Memory of the Brave Americans 同类诗中最佳 4 Thomas Jefferson 杰斐逊 1743 1826 the 3rd President The Declaration of Independence 起草者之一 三 三 American Romanticism Renaissance浪漫主义文学 18 世纪末 19 世纪中后期 individualism fold stories as an escape from the civilized society and were rich in mystic color against rationalism 1 Pre Romanticism 1770 1830 1 Washington Irving 欧文 1783 1859 美国首位国际闻名作家 the first prose stylist of American Romanticism 文风 American indigenous humor mild and prone simplicity lucidity poise and ease flow The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡谷传说 Tales of a Traveler Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄 Rip Van Winkle German legend an escape from society and return to nature The Alhambra 西班牙见闻札记 A History of New York 美国第一部第一部诙谐文学杰作 Essay The Sketch Book 见闻札记 美国浪漫主义开端 2 William Cullen Bryant 布莱恩特 1794 1878 诗人 the first American lyric poet one of the earliest naturalist poets theme 自然 宗教 humantarian reforms and national morality self consciousness 译作 Homer Iliad Odyssy To a Waterfowl 致水鸟 The Yellow Violet 黄色堇香花 The Fountain The White Footed Deer 白蹄鹿 A Forest Hymn 森林赋 The Flood of Years 似水流年 Thanatopsis 死亡随想 nature poems 3 James Fenimore Cooper 库珀 1789 1851 小说家 The Li