定语从句详解及分类练习

1 定语 定语 修饰名词或代词的词 短语或从句称为定语 定语可由以下等成分表示 Guilin is a beautiful city 形容词 China is a developing country America is a developed country 分词 There are thirty women teachers is our school 名词 His rapid progress in English made us surprised 代词 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom 不定式短语 The teaching plan for next term has been worked out 动名词 He is reading an article about how to learn English 介词短语 定语从句 一 概念 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句 称为定语从句 也叫形容词性从句 二 相关知识点 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词 并在句中充当主语 宾语 定语等 成分 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 1 who whom that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词 在从句中作主语和宾语 例如 Is he the man who that wants to see you who that 在从句中作主语 He is the man whom that I saw yesterday whom that 在从句中作宾语 2 whose 用来指人或物 只用作定语 若指物 它还可以同 of which 互换 例如 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down Please pass me the book whose of which cover is green 3 which that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词 在从句中可作主语 宾语等 例如 A prosperity which that had never been seen before appears in the countryside which that 在句中作宾语 The package which that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped which that 在句中作宾语 2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间 地点或理由的名词 在从句中作状语 1 关系副词 when where why 的含义相当于 介词 which 结构 因此常常和 介词 which 结构交替使用 例如 There are occasions when on which one must yield Beijing is the place where in which I was born Is this the reason why for which he refused our offer 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 关键是判断介词的选择 方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么 介词 习惯搭配 再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断 结合生活实际来判断 一 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句 7 The play was wonderful We saw it last night 2 8 The train was late It was going to Nanning 9 The boy is my brother He was here a minute ago 10 The tree is quite tall He is climbing it 11 Here is the girl Her brother works in this shop 12 That s the child We were looking at his drawing just now 13 This is the boy His sister is a famous singer 14 I want to talk to the boys Their homework haven t been handed in 15 Is that the woman Her daughter is in my class 16 He used to live in a big house In front of it grew many banana trees 17 They passed a factory At the back of the factory there were rice fields 18 The soldier ran to the building On the top of it flew a flag 19 In the evening they arrived at a hill At the foot of the hill there was a temple 20 She came into a big room In the middle of it stood a large table 巩固练习 一 单项填空 1 Who is the man was talking to our English teacher Oh It s Mr Baker our maths teacher A he B that C whom D which 2 I hate the people don t help others when they are in trouble A who B which C they D where 3 The foreigner visited our school is from Canada A which B when C who D whom 4 George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing A who B whom C he D which 5 This is the place I have ever visited A there B when C where D which 6 Nobody knows the reason she didn t come to the meeting A that B which C why D when 3 7 The moon is a world there is no life A that B which C where D why 8 He has forgotten the day he arrived A when B where C that D which 9 He still remembers the days he spent with your family A when B where C that D on which 10 Mr White car had been stolen came to the policeman A who B that C whose D which 11 He got to the village his family once lived before liberation A that B which C when D where 12 This is the house I want to buy A in which B that C whose D where 13 This is the house our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked A which B that C when D where 14 He didn t tell me the place he was born A that B which C when D where 15 He lived in a small village was a long way from the railway station A that B which C where D when 17 He made another wonderful discovery of great importance to science A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which is 18 He was very rude to the customs officer of course made things even worse A who B whom C what D which 20 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year 80 are sold abroad A of which B which of C of them D of that 二 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1 The house we live in is very big 2 The boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever 3 This is the present he gave me for my birthday 4 The man talked to you just now is an engineer 5 He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited 6 There is nothing in the world can frighten him 7 She wears a gold ring is very uncommon in our class 8 We visited a factory makes toys for children 9 Is this the place your father once lived 10 I ll never forget the days I joined the League 2 关系代词 whom which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时 可以和介词一起放于先行词与 定语从句之间 有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写 4 而将介词置于定语从句的后面 如 That was the room in which we had lived for ten years That was the room which we had lived in for ten years 3 具体使用时还要注意下列问题 1 只能使用 that 不用 which 的情况 1 先行词是 no much all few little nothing everything anything something 等不定 代词时 例如 All that he said is true Is there anything that I can do for you 2 先行词被不定代词修饰时 例如 He is the only foreigner that has been to that place You will receive no other answers that are better than mine 3 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词 例如 He was the second person that told me the secret This is the last thing one can say about it 4 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词 This is the best book that I have read this year 5 先行词既包括人又包括物时 例如 He talked about the people and the things that he remembered 6 当主句是 there be 句型的时候 There is a stranger that wants to see you There are some mistakes that you made last time in your paper 7 当先行词被序数词或 the very the only the last 修饰时 This is the very pen he used when he was writing the book 8 当先行词被 the same 修饰时 用 that 表示同一件物品 用 as 表示相类似的一件物 品 不能用 which This is the same one as that you had before I saw the mistake at the very same moment that she did I bought the same car as yours that you did You ve made the same mistakes as last time that you made last time 9 为避免与 which 重复使用时 要用 that Which is the car that was made in Beijing 10 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语是 只能用 that 也可以省去 不能用 which 5 例 China is no longer the country that it was My typewriter is not the machine that it was 2 只能用 which 不用 that 的情况 1 在非限制性定语从中 例如 The meeting was put off which was exactly what we wanted 2 定语从句由介词 关系代词引导 先行词是物时 例如 The thing about which he is talking is of great importance 练习 1 This is all I know about the matter A that B what C who D whether 2Is there anything else you require A which B that C who D what 3 The last place we visited was the Great Wall A which B that C where D it 4 He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school A which B that C it D whom 5 There is no dictionary you can find everything A that B which C where D in that 6 This is one of the best books A that have ever been writtenC that has written B that has ever been written D that have written 7 He wrote a letter to me telling me everything he saw on the way to the Paris A what B that C which D where 8 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B C which D it 9 Is there anything to you A that is belonged B that belongs C which belongs D that belong 10 The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us all A which B that C who D whose 11 Which of the books were borrowed from him is the best A which B what C that D whose 1 一个叫做 Tom 的男孩 2 教我们英语的老师 3 昨天我妈妈给我的钱 4 矗立在河边的楼房 5 她工作的地方 6 她没有教作业的原因 6 7 不努力学习的学生不会通过考试的 8 她上周买的房子非常好看 9 这就是他爸爸工作的地方 10 你们已经取得了很大的进步 这使老师非常高兴 11 众所周知 他是一个好学生 12 北京是中国的首都 它是一座美丽的城市 13 鲁迅的原名 real name 是周树人 在他的一生中他写了很多小说和散文 prose 14 杰克来自加拿大 他在我们学校已经学习了 3 年 他不仅经常帮助我们学英语 而且中文也讲的很不错 15 改写句子 I see many running creatures They are made of metal and glass Their feet are round They have four eyes Two of the four eyes are red Inside I see soft shapes They can move 16 Our class is a big family It is made up of 36 girls and 9 boys All of them are very diligent and warm hearted Zou Xiaohui is our monitor He is always ready to help others He is such a good boy that we all like him very much 介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 知识点知识点 1 直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是 which 或或 whom 构成介词 构成介词 which 指物 指物 介词 介词 whom 指人 两种结构 指人 两种结构 例 The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner 例 The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved 例 He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books 例 It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago 例 The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood 知识点知识点 2 直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略 但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略 但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之 前时 可省 前时 可省 例 The man who that whom you talk to just now is a famous runner 例 The service which that the students complain about a lot should be improved 例 He is a library assistant whom that who I borrowed some books from 例 It is a famous school which that he graduated from 3 years ago 例 The chair which that he is sitting on now is made of wood 知识点知识点 3 关系副词关系副词 when where why 可以相应地转化为 介词可以相应地转化为 介词 which 结构 结构 例 This is the house where I lived two years ago This is the house in which I lived two years ago 7 例 Do you remember the day when you joined our club Do you remember the day on which you joined our club 例 I don t know the reason why he said so I don t know the reason for which he said so 知识点知识点 4 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配 不可以拆开 一般还是放在动语之后 不提前 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配 不可以拆开 一般还是放在动语之后 不提前 例 He is the student who whom that the teachers are looking for 例 The number of the children who whom that she takes care of is 30 知识点知识点 5 注意复杂介词短语 which 或 whom 引导的定语从句 是高考考查热点 例 They finally climbed up the mountain on top of which many strange birds were seen 例 Look at the photo This is Mr Green in front of whom sit three students 知识点知识点 6 不定代词不定代词 of which whom 引导的定语从句可化为引导的定语从句可化为 of which whom 不定代词不定代词 结构 这结构 这 也是高考常考点 其中用到的不定代词有也是高考常考点 其中用到的不定代词有 some any none both all many a few few a little little either neither one 等等 等等 例 There are 40 students in our class most of whom of whom most like English 例 These are books written by Mark Twain one of which of which one was read to me by my father 例 She has two sons neither of whom of whom neither is a teacher 例 She has many books none of which of which none is interesting 知识点知识点 7 关系代词关系代词 whose 名词名词 引导的定语从句可转化为引导的定语从句可转化为 the 名词名词 of which whom 或或 of which whom the 名词名词结构 结构 of 表所属关系 表所属关系 例 I live in a room whose windows are all broken I live in a room of which the windows are all broken I live in a room the windows of which are all broken 例 This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent This is my teacher the handwriting of whom is excellent This is my teacher of whom the handwriting is excellent 8 知识点知识点 8 由介词由介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 当主从句主语一致时 定语从句可缩略为 关系代词引导的定语从句 当主从句主语一致时 定语从句可缩略为 介词介词 which whom to do 结构 结构 例 I have a small room in which I live in I have a small room in which to live I have a small room to live in 例 He has a good friend to whom he can turn for help He has a good friend to whom to turn for help He has a good friend to turn to for help 知识点知识点 9 介词后不一定只能接关系代词 可能会接关系副词 主要取决于介词及句子意思 介词后不一定只能接关系代词 可能会接关系副词 主要取决于介词及句子意思 例 He used to live in London from where he came from 例 He graduated from Beijing University in 1988 since when he has improved himself in all aspects 知识点知识点 10 如何确定关系代词前的介词 将定语从句还原 构成两个搭配 即从句谓语部分与介词的如何确定关系代词前的介词 将定语从句还原 构成两个搭配 即从句谓语部分与介词的 适当搭配 介词与先行词的正确搭配 适当搭配 介词与先行词的正确搭配 例 The picture which he paid 100 was once owned by a king 析 定语从句谓语是 pay some money 先行词为 the picture 还原句子即 He paid 100 the picture 在本句中填上合适介词 构成短语 pay some money for something 例 This is Tom Sawyer whom his teacher is proud 析 还原 His teacher is proud Tom Sawyer 构成短语 be proud of 例 Can you think of a situation in which this word can be used 例 I m grateful to him for that advice to which I owed all my success 介词 关系代词 练习 1 Eric received training in computer for one year he found a job in a big company A after that B after which C after it D after this 2 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered 9 the scenes people were eaten by the tiger A in which B by which C which D that 3 We saw several natives advancing towards our party and one of them came up to us we gave some bells and glasses A to which B to whom C with whom D with which 4 I was given three books on cooking the first I really enjoyed A of that B of which C that D which 5 Frank s dream was to have his own shop to produce the workings of his own hands A that B in which C by which D how 小试小试 一 根据句子意思 在下列句子的第一个空白处填入介词 在第二个空白处填入关系代词 whom 或 which 1 The person I spoke just now is the headmaster that I told you about 2 The pencil he was writing is mine 3 Hillary I went to the concert enjoyed it very much 4 The two things I was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English 5 Her bag she put all her books has not been found 6 The stories about the civil war this is one example are well written 二 选用适当的关系代词 who which whose that 或关系副词 when where why 填空 7 Do you know anyone knows about the history of the pyramids 8 We have visited the Museum of Chinese History Chairman Mao s life and deeds are being shown 9 We ll never forget the day my friends came to see me in hospital 10 This is the man son died in the war 11 I don t know the reason she didn t agree to our study plan 1 Have you ever read the book there are many pictures 2 The man he had a talk yesterday is a doctor 3 The library we often borrow books is very large 10 4 The gentleman you just spoke is our headmaster 5 This is the new bicycle I spent five hundred dollars 6 The tool he is working is called a spade 7 Give me a piece of paper I can write the phone number 8 Here are the table tennis players some are our old friends 9 The student the teachers are talking has won the first prize in the English contest 10 This is the hospital her mother works A which used B in which he used C that he used D in that he used 11 He was educated at a local grammar school he went on to Cambridge A from which B after that C after which D from this 12 I have many friends some are businessmen A of them B from which C who of D of whom 1 Do you know who lives in the building there is a well A in front of it B in front of whose C in front of which D in front which 2 I ll never forget the day I joined the League A on which B in which C which D at which 3 The woman my brother spoke just now is my teacher A who B to whom C to who D whom 4 Jeanne was her old friend she borrowed a necklace A from who B from whom C to that D to whom 5 His glasses he was like a blind man fell to the ground and broke its leg A which B with which C without which D that 6 she is a teacher of much knowledge much can be learned A who B that C from which D from who 7 He built a telescope he could study the skies A in which B with that C through whichD by it 8 Do you know the reason he was late A that B which C for what D for which 9 I have bought two ballpens writes well A none of which B neither of which C none of them D neither of them 10 The Second World War millions of people were killed in 1945 A during which B in that C where D on which 13 The speed which you drive your car mustn t too high 11 14 In the park there are many flowers the colour which is bright and nice 15 The little girl is reading a book which there are many pictures 16 What were the things which he was not too sure 17 They held a meeting which the hospital director made a speech 18 The book which he paid 6 yuan is worth reading 19 Is this the man whose house the police found the lost coloured TV 20 The villagers dug along tunnel which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers 21 Wu Dong whom I went to the concert enjoyed it very much 22 The stories about Long March which this is one example are well written 4 非限制性定语从句 1 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分 去掉 它主句意思往往不明确 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明 去掉了也不会影响主句 的意思 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开 例如 I was the only person in our office who was invited 限制性 The house which we bought last month is very nice 非限制性 Tom s father who is over sixty still works hard day and night 2 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词 对其进行修饰 这时从句谓语动词要用 第三人称单数 例如 He seems not to have grasped what I meant which greatly upsets me Liquid water changes to vapor which is called evaporation 3 as 引导非限制性定语从句 as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前 也可放在主句 之后 用来修饰整个句子 as 本身有 正如 正象 一类的含义 与之连用的词有 know see expect announce point out 等 此外 在 the same as such as 中 as 引导的是限制 性定语从句 We do the same work as they do She is very good at dance as everybody knows As has been said above grammar is a set of dead rules 通常用下列句型 as is known to all as is said as is reported as is announced as we all know as I expect as is often the case 等 4 区别 当主句和从句语义一致时 用 as 反之 用 which 来引导非限制性定语从句 e g He made a long speech as we expected He made a long speech which was unexpected 当非限制定语从句为否定时 常用 which 引导 e g Tom drinks a lot every day which his wife doesn t like at all As 和和 Which 引导非限制性定语指代整个主句练习引导非限制性定语指代整个主句练习 1 He said that he was invited was a lie 2 can see from the letter he wrote she is a talented journalist 3 was expected he performed the task successfuly 12 4 Where there is smoke there is fire you know 5 He said that he lost the book was untrue 6 It was raining hard kept us indoors 7 Harry is unusaually tall are his brothers 8 all his friends agree he was unusually warm hearted loving and generous 9 They rely on themselves is much better 10 Whenever I met him was fairly often I like his sweet and hopeful smile 11 He invited us to dinner was very kind of him 12 I am you can imagine short enogh of money 13 He changed his mind made me angry 14 Rats ran about the attic 阁楼 all night kept her awake 15 There is great disorder the newspaper will have told you 16 He has to work on Sundays he doesn t like 17 Shelley we had seen had met her through his uncle 18 Jack drove too fast was reckless 不计后果的 19 Anyway that evening I ll tell you more about later I survived the traffic accident A when B where C what D which where 定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法 1 Where did you get to know her It was on the farm we worked A that B there C which D Where 2 Some pre school children go to a day care center they learn simple games and songs A then B there C while D where 3 Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity sight matters more than hearing 13 A when B who