《被动语态详解》PPT课件

When How What Thepassivevoice 被动语态 被动语态 定义 表示主语是动作的承受者 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 谓语的形式是主动语态 When How What Thepassivevoice 被动语态 Whendoweusethepassivevoice Manyhouseswillbebuilthere 1 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者 TheplanwassupportedbythosewhowishedtohavemorechancestospeakEnglish 2 出于礼貌 不愿意说出动作的执行者 When How What Thepassivevoice 被动语态 Wekeepfoodinthefridge S V O Food Howtochangeintothepassivevoicesentence iskept byus inthefridge 主动语态变被动语态的方法 1 把主动语态的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语 2 把主动语态的动词变成 be 过去分词 3 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语 可省略 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory Shoes aremade bythem TheyplayfootballonSunday Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening Theyoftenusecomputersinclass WemakethesemachinesinBeijing FootballisplayedbythemonSunday ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing 一般现在时的被动语态 S am is are done 一般现在时的被动语态 TheymakeTVsetsinthatfactory TVsetsaremadebytheminthatfactory Theman call Goodhusband iscalled Pleasefillintheblanksaccordingtothewordsinthebracket Footballbypeopleallovertheworld isplayed Theyboughttencomputerslastterm 一般过去时的被动语态 S was were done 一般过去时的被动语态 Tencomputerswereboughtbythemlastterm 1 Bellinventedthetelephonein1876 2 Tomclosedtheshopjustnow TheshopbyTomjustnow ThetelephonebyBellin1876 Finishthesentences wasinvented wasclosed Theywillfinishtheworkintendays 一般将来时的被动语态 S will shall be done 一般将来时的被动语态 Theworkwillbefinishedbythemintendays 一般将来时的被动语态 S begoingto be done Wearegoingtolearnthewords Thewordsaregoingtobelearnedbyus 一般将来时的被动语态 atalk willgive soon Atalkwillbegivensoon Theflowersaregoingtobewateredtomorrow 根据图片和提示词用被动语态写句子 theflowers aregoingtowater tomorrow WehavefinishedfiveEnglishbooksuptonow 现在完成时的被动语态 S have has been 过去分词 现在完成时的被动语态 FiveEnglishbookshavebeenfinishedbyusuptonow Hamburgershavebeeneatenup eatup they hamburgers 根据图片和提示词用被动语态写句子 Myheart already steal byyou hasbeenstolen Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow 现在进行时的被动语态 S am is are being done 现在进行时的被动语态 Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow Thepetdog treat byavet isbeingtreated 过去进行时的被动语态 S was were being done 过去进行时的被动语态 Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8 00lastnight Myhomeworkwasbeingdone byme at8 00lastnight GinacantakegoodcareofTina 带有情态动词的被动语态 S can may must should be done 带有情态动词的被动语态 TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyGina Songscanbesungbythebirds cancarry thebasket he Thebasketcanbecarriedbyhim songs cansing birds makesentences be done am is are一般现在时 was were一般过去时 was were being过去进行时 am is are being现在进行时 be done have has been现在完成时 had been过去完成时 would be过去将来时 will bebegoingtobe一般将来时 can must should be情态动词 表格 被动态基本结构 am is aredone was weredone am is arebeingdone was werebeingdone shall willbedonebegoingtobedone wouldbedone have hasbeendone hadbeendone 被动语态中的特殊情况1 不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时 在变为被动语态时 仍然要带上介词 动词后的介词不可省 Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass 被动句 Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass 2 当动词带有复合宾语 有宾补 并且宾补是省去 to 的动词不定式时 在被动语态中应加上 to 即 主动省to 被动加上to Theymakeusdoallthework 被动句 Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem Weoftenhearhersingsongs 被动句 Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus 常见词有 make see hear feel watch notice等 注意 3 一般在下列动词后 常在间接宾语前用介词to 如 bring give hand lend offer pass pay promise sell show take teach tell等 1 Thebookwasshowedtotheclass 2 Mybikewaslenttoher 2 一般在下列动词后 间接宾语前用介词for 如 build buy cook cut choose do fetch find fix get keep make order paint play sing等 1 Anewskirtwasmadeforme 2 Themeatwascookedforus 3 Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus 4 当主动句的主语是nobody noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时 被动句中将其变为anybody 作by的宾语 并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态 如 Nobodycananswerthisquestion 误 Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody 正 Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody 5 当否定句中的宾语是anything anybody anyone等不定代词时 在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing nobody noone作主语 并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态 如 Theyhaven tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean 误 Anythinghasn tbeendonetomaketheriverclean 正 Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean 6 有些动词既是及物又是不及物 当它们和well badly easily等副词连用时 表示主语内在品质或性能 是不及物动词 用主动表示被动 这时不用被动语态 常见的有 write read clean sell wash cook等 如 1 Theclothwasheseasily 这布很好洗 2 Thenewproductsellswell 这新产品很畅销 对比 Thebookssellwell 主动句 Thebooksweresoldout 被动句 Themeatdidn tcookwell 主动句 Themeatwascookedforalongtime 被动句 6 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句 第一 感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义 如 feel look seem taste sound remain等 1 Doyoulikethematerial Yes itfeelsverysoft 误 Itisfeltverysoft 2 Thefoodtastesdelicious 误 Thefoodistasteddelicious 3 Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful 误 Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful 第二 谓语是及物动词leave enter reach suit have benefit lack own等 如 Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook 误 Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot Shehadherhandburned 误 Herhandwashadburned 7 在汉语中 有一类句子不出现主语 在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示 例如 据说 Itissaidthat 据报导 Itisreportedthat 据推测 Itissupposedthat 希望 Itishopedthat 众所周知 Itiswellknownthat 普遍认为 Itisgenerallyconsideredthat 有人建议 Itissuggestedthat 1 Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow 2 ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp Fillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven I give anewbookbymyfatheronmybirthday English find veryuseful 3 Thework finish tomorrow 4 Theflowers water bythemnow wasgiven isfound willbefinished arebeingwatered 5 Therailway build thistimelastyear 6 Thenewlab already build 7 Thenewrailway build bytheendoflastyear 8 Hetoldmethesportsmeeting hold thenextmonth 9 Rice grow inthesouthoftheStates wasbeingbuilt has beenbuilt hadbeenbuilt wouldbeheld isgrown 10 Thesongoften sing bytheyoungman 11 Thewindow break byalittleboyyesterday 12 It saruleinourschoolthattheclassroomshould clean everyday is sung wasbroken becleaned sing sang sung LastTuesday Tomreceivedaletterfromthepolice Intheletter he ask togothepolicestation Hedidn tknowwhyhewaswantedbythepolice Atthestation he tell byasmilingmanthathisbicycle find Thepolicemantoldhim