2019年高考英语(全国通用)提分练考前冲刺卷(四)Word版含解析

考前冲刺卷(四)第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AChester is one of the best cities in the UK.As soon as you arrive in Chester you will appreciate the citys unique atmosphere and sense of history.Founded by the Romans over 2,000 years ago，much of the Roman influence remains and Chesters city walls are the most complete in Britain.Combined with history and heritage(遗产)，Chester is a dynamic city full of bars，pubs，clubs，hotels and restaurants for you to discover，tempting you to visit again and again.Travelling to Chester?Chester is easily accessible by many means of transportwhether you are travelling by rail，car，bus or plane.Please check our route planner below to help you plan your journey to Chester.Once you arrive in the city there are numerous car parks；however，during rush hours the easiest way to travel in Chester city centre is via park and ride facilities，which are parking lots with public transportation.Hotels?From bed & breakfasts to the luxury of Chesters only five star hotel，Chester has all covered.Whether your trip is for business or pleasure，your room is just a click away!Sightseeing and Tours?One of the best ways to see Chester is by a guided tour and you have a variety to choose from.Whether you choose the traditional guided walk，to be guided around Chesters historical landmarks by bus or to take a boat down the River Dee，you will sure enjoy the delights of Chester.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。切斯特是英国著名的历史名都，蕴藏着丰富的历史瑰宝，同时也富有现代气息，能让游客大饱眼福。作者从交通、住宿、游览方式三个方面为读者作了介绍。1What can we know about Chester from the first paragraph?AIt is a newlybuilt city.BIt is the best city in the UK.CIt is rich in the deep culture and modern touch.DMany of its city walls were completed by British people.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可推知，切斯特历史文化底蕴深厚，同时又富有现代气息，故答案为C。2What is the most convenient way to get around Chester city centre during rush hours?ABy bus. BBy bicycle.CBy rail. DBy taxi.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“during rush hours the easiest way to travel in Chester city centre is via park and ride facilities，which are parking lots with public transportation”可知，在交通高峰期，游览切斯特市中心的最方便的方式是乘坐公共交通工具，故选A。3What had you better do to have a better understanding of Chester?AChoose a bus tour.BJoin a guided tour.CTake a traditional walk.DSwim down the river.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“One of the best ways to see Chester is by a guided tour”可知，在导游的陪同下游览切斯特是了解切斯特的最佳方法之一。BExciting screams of joy from two happy little girls rang across the beach.But I walked along，barely aware of them.Id come to this remote beach on my sailboat，a place to escape.My marriage was in trouble.I worried about the harm to my two boys.But I didnt know how to make things better.“Help！Help！”The girls screamed.I saw one girl was at the edge of the surf，yelling.I charged into the waves，swam to her and seized her.“But where is the other girl？”I looked across the water and saw a small head after a big wave.I shifted the girl Id rescued to my back.She told me the other girl was her sister.For a moment I thought of my boys.How much they loved each other.How much I loved them.I quickened my swimming and held the second little girl.We were at least 50 yards from land.No way could I swim that far，not with two girls hanging on to me.But there was no time to wait.I swam as hard as I could，but the weight of the girls grew heavier with every minute.My lungs burned.I opened my mouth to take a breath，but instead swallowed water.I choked.Couldnt breathe.Couldnt swim.From behind me I felt an unbelievable force，lifting.“Mommy！”The cry pierced my consciousness(意识)I looked up.An elderly man was trying to drag me out of the water.Two women were swimming toward shore.“Thank you，”one of the women cried.“You saved my daughters.”My efforts and my struggles had paid off.I thought of that big wave，lifting me and pushing me.When my body had failed me，and when all hope was disappearing，I was given the strength I needed.I stood up.My family were waiting for me.There were things I could do.I just needed to make an effort.The strength would be given to me.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者在海边挽救了两个落水的女孩，并在成功救人后得到启示，决心挽救自己陷入困境的婚姻和家庭。4Why did the author turn a deaf ear to laughter of the two girls?ABecause he couldnt wait to go sailing.BBecause he was lost in missing his wife.CBecause the sound of sea waves was too big.DBecause he was trapped in his own problems.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后四句可知，作者来到这个海滩是为了逃避现实生活：他的婚姻出现了问题，他担心这将对自己的两个儿子造成伤害。由此可知，作者之所以对那两个女孩的欢声笑语充耳不闻是因为他受困于自己的难题。故选D。5Which can replace the underlined word “charged” in Paragraph 2?ADashed. BWalked. CSank. DDug.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据语境和画线词后的“into the waves，swam to her and seized her”可知，事态紧急，作者应是冲进海里去救人，故画线词在此表示“猛冲”。故选A。6What might the author do after the accident?ARebuild a family.BFocus on his boys safety.CSave his marriage.DApologize to his wife.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段和第一段第四句“My marriage was in trouble.”可知，作者的婚姻出现了问题，然而在救了那两个女孩后，作者意识到不能放弃希望，要努力挽救自己的婚姻和家庭。故选C。7Which can serve as the best title of the passage?AThe Magical WaveBThe Adventurous SurfingCEfforts to Save the FamilyDStruggles to Fight Sea Waves答案A解析标题归纳题。通读全文内容，尤其是倒数第二段中的“I thought of that big wave.I needed.”可知，“海浪”推动了故事情节的发展并让作者找到解决自己问题的方法，故“神奇的海浪”升华主题，点明作者在成功救人后学会了要心存希望，进而努力去挽救自己的婚姻和家庭。故A项The Magical Wave“神奇的海浪”作本文标题最佳。CWhen Daniel Kish enters a room，he may not be able to see，but his ears give him a 360 degree view.Kish uses echolocation(回声定位)just like bats or whalesto sense the world.And it allows him to do everything from cycling to hiking，all on his own，without the benefit of sight.Kish was affected by retinal(视网膜的) cancer and had to have both eyes removed before he was 13 months old.Amazingly，he taught himself that by making small noises he could listen for their echoes(回声) and learn what surrounded him.Today，at age 51，Kish is an expert at human echolocation.Like many of those who use echoes，Kish makes clicking noises with his tongue and then listens for their echoes in the environment.“It is the same process bats use，” Kish told BBC News.“You send out a sound or a call and sound waves are physical wavesthey bounce back from physical surfaces.”As Kish，a “reallife Batman”，explains in this TED talk，echolocation allows him to distinguish not only an objects size but its texture.So he can tell the difference between a tree，a wooden fence and a car，all with just a few clicks of his tongue.This ability has made Kish，and other human echolocaters，the subject of a number of studies aimed at better understanding the process.In 2009，a Spanish study analyzed the clicking noise that Kish used to sense the world and found that his method of pulling his tongue backward instead of downward from the roof of his mouth created a noise that was sharp and clean and perfectly suited to echolocation.A few years later，another study from researchers at the University of Western Ontario used brain mapping to determine that the area of the brain that a sighted person would use to interpret visual information works in a blind person who uses echolocation.Researchers also have learned that human echolocation can be taught and requires only a few weeks of practice.Kish，through his nonprofit organization World Access for the Blind，hopes to do that by training sightimpaired individuals all over the world to become more independent in their environment.语篇解读本文为说明文，介绍了盲人基什利用弹舌回声定位感知世界及研究人员对回声定位的研究。8Whats most special about Kish?AHe is good at learning from bats.BHe sees the world with his ears.CHe has traveled across the world.DHe has a variety of hobbies.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，基什利用回声定位来感知世界，即他通过耳朵来感知周围的世界。故选B。9Whats the probable meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 4?AMaterial. BFramework.CStyle. DColor.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第四段内容再结合第五段中的“So he can tell the difference between a tree，a wooden fence and a car”可知，基什可利用回声定位判断物体的大小和材质。故选A。10What does the study from researchers at the University of Western Ontario discover?AThe way Kish makes a noise is unique.BThe quality of the voices plays a key role.CThe blinds brain reacts to returned noises.DIt requires longtime practice to use echolocation.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句可知，同视力正常的人一样，使用回声定位的盲人，其用来理解视觉信息的大脑区域也起作用。就此推理，盲人的大脑对回声有反应。故选C。11Which can best describe Kish based on the last paragraph?AOptimistic. BDevoted.CEnergetic. DHelpful.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，基什想通过非营利性组织来培训视力有障碍的人，提高他们的独立性。由此推理，他是一个乐于助人的人。故选D。DTiny tubes and filaments(丝状物) in some Canadian rock appear to be the oldest known fossils(化石)，giving new support for some ideas about how life began，a new study says.The features(地理特征) are mineralized remains of what appear to be bacteria that lived some 3.77 billion to 4.28 billion years ago，the scientists said.That would be older than some other rock features found in Greenland，which were considered to be fossils last August.The new results come from examining rock found along the eastern shore of Hudson Bay in northern Quebec.The filaments and tubes，made up of iron oxide called hematite，appeared within a rock type called jasper.Matthew Dodd of University College London，an author of the study published Wednesday by Nature，said the living things lived in the seafloor where water was heated by a volcano.Since the fossils are nearly as old as Earth，which formed some 4.5 billion years ago，the finding supports previous indications that life may have begun in such an environment，he said.He and colleagues presented several lines of evidence to support the idea that the filaments and tubes are signatures of past life.But two experts whove previously reported similar findings said theyre convinced.“I would say they are not fossils，”Martin JVan Kranendonk of the University of New South Wales in Australia，who reported the Greenland findings last year，wrote in an email.The papers evidence for a biological origin falls short，he said.Abigail Allwood，a NASA geologist，said the authors have produced “one of the most detailed cases yet made” for evidence of life in rocks older than 3.5 billion years.But “its an extraordinary claim to make and you do need extraordinary evidence，” she said.语篇解读本文属于说明文，主要介绍了Matthew Dodd和他的团队在加拿大发现的岩石特征，他们认为这是地球早期的生命迹象，是最早的已知化石。但有科学家提出了反对意见，认为他们的证据不充分。12According to Matthew and his colleagues，the filaments and tubes .Astand for a rock typeBare as old as EarthCrepresent human originDare earlylife forms答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“some ideas about how life began”，第四段中的“the finding supports previous indications that life may have begun in such an environment”以及第五段中的“the filaments and tubes are signatures of past life”可知，他们认为the filaments and tubes就是早期的生命形式。故选D。13What do Matthew，Martin and Abigail have in common?AThey are working in the universities.BThey accept the Greenland findings.CThey have been studying rock features.DThey have discovered the oldest known fossils.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Matthew.an author of the study”，第六段中的“Martin.who reported the Greenland findings last year”和第七段内容可知，他们三人都在进行岩石地理特征的研究。14How does Martin feel about the new study?AIt confirmed the biological origin.BIt needs more to convince people.CIt ignored the Greenland findings.DIt shouldnt have copied his evidence.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知，Martin对Matthew他们的发现表达了自己的观点，认为the filaments and tubes不是化石，说他们证据不足，由此可推知，他认为该研究应提供更多的具有说服力的证据。15Whats Abigail Allwoods attitude towards Matthews finding?AObjective. BIndifferent.CVague. DDisapproving.答案A解析观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Abigail Allwood既肯定该研究发现的优点，又提出研究人员需要提供更有力的证据来证明该研究发现的正确性与可靠性。由此可知，她对该研究发现持客观的态度，故选A。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Be a Motivational SpeakerMotivational speakers give a sense of hope，belief，energy and confidence to the audience. 16 The audience then take the idea to work toward their own success.If you desire to be a good motivational speaker，these qualities are necessary to achieve your goal.A good motivational speaker should access the message to be conveyed first.He or she always communicates an idea that the audience are interested in and that is connected to the needs of the audience：a better job，a better family life，a better financial situation，a better life all around. 17 To be a motivational speaker，you must be able to give the audience an experience that they remember.You must be able to touch something inside them that makes them want to hear more. 18 Therefore，your topic and presentation have to be powerful. 19 Think of Martin Luther King，whose famous saying “I have a dream” is an example of making the audience listen，and promoting their desire to follow directions to change.You may have something important and motivational to say，but dont forget your audience.Are you speaking to kids，teens，adults，men，women，or a special group of people？Does this affect how you present the idea？ 20 As a note，having a saying or a goal that all populations can relate to can help.For example，Barack Obamas phrase，“Yes，we can” crosses all ages，races and genders.AIdentify how best to reach your targeted audience.BA motivational speaker commands his or her audience.CThere are a number of powerful motivational examples.DThey present an idea to the audience by giving a speech.ETo be a motivational speaker，you must show respect for the audience.FYour presentation must make them want to listen to you and follow your directions.GThe motivational speaker speaks to the audience in a way that they all can understand.16答案D解析根据语境及选项D中的“an idea”与空后的“the idea”的呼应关系可知，此处是说励志演说家通过演讲向听众传达一种想法，然后观众将这个想法付诸实践，成就自己的成功。故选D。17答案G解析根据本段第二句可知，励志演说家要与听众交流听众感兴趣或者与听众的需要相关的想法。由此可推知，励志演说家需要以一种听众能够理解的方式对他们进行演讲。故选G。18答案F解析根据空前及空后的内容可知，空处内容应与演讲应该具备的特点有关，故F项“你的演讲必须使他们(即听众)想要听你说，并且听从你的指示”符合语境。F项中的“make them want to listen to you”与空前的“makes them want to hear more”的呼应亦是提示。19答案B解析根据下文中的“making the audience listen，and promoting their desire to follow directions to change”可知，本段主要说明的是励志演说家应当能掌控他或者她的听众。故B项符合语境。20答案A解析根据空前的问句和空后的内容可知，此处内容是有关励志演说家将自己要说的话传达给目标听众的方式，故A项符合语境。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Life is a clock swing.Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are 21 .It takes time and experience to understand what the normal is，and that gives me the viewpoint to 22 the surprises of the future.But there is vast grassland of life in the middle，where the bad and the good flipflop(突然改变) 23 .This is what convinces me to 24 the 50percent theory.One spring I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地) so easily 25 that neighbors laughed.I felt 26 at the wasted effort.Summer turned cruelthe worst 27 and drought(干旱) in my lifetime.The air conditioner died；the well went dry；the marriage 28 ；the job was lost；the money was gone.Only a popular Kansas City Royals team，bound for their World Series， 29 my spirits.Looking back on that 30 summer，I soon understood that all succeeding good things merely 31 the bad.I owned and enjoyed the happy times.They 32 me for the next dangerous surprise and offered 33 that I can succeed.The 50percent theory even helps me see 34 beyond my Royals recent fall.Oh，yeah，the corn crop？For that hot summer，the ground 35 was just right，and the lack of rain 36 the standing corn from floods.That winter my house was crowded with cornfat and healthy 37 my neighbors fields yielded only brown and empty husks(壳)Although plantings that year may have fallen below the original 38 and they probably will do so again in the future，I am 39 encouraged by the crop that had a “good” 40 during the drought.语篇解读本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己在干旱的夏天种植玉米的经历明白了读懂生活的常态需要时间和阅历，也正是这样才练就了作者面对未来宠辱不惊的生活态度，同时也向我们介绍了“对半理论”。21A.worse BeasierCstranger Dbrighter答案A解析根据空前的“Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are”及下文作者阐述的“对半理论”可知，生活中的事情一半比正常状态要好，而另一半则比正常状态差。故空处应填worse与better构成对比。22A.give out Btake downCdeal with Dgo through答案C解析结合上文中的“It takes time and experience to understand what the normal is，and that gives me the viewpoint.”及下文作者对自己种玉米经历的描述可知，此处作者想要传达的是面对时好时坏的生活，需要时间和阅历读懂生活的常态，这样才能应对未来各种意想不到的事情。deal with应对，处理，符合语境。give out分发，发出；take down拆掉，记下；go through通过，经历。23A.slightly BregularlyCmagically Ddeliberately答案C解析好与坏之间有一大片生活的草原，在这片草原上坏事和好事会奇妙地突然改变。magically魔法般地，神奇地，符合语境。slightly轻微地；regularly定时地；deliberately故意地。24A.break through Bbelieve inCcheck on Dpick up答案B解析根据上文，尤其是文章第一句可知，作者对“对半理论”深信不疑。believe in信任，相信，符合语境。break through打破；check on核对，检查；pick up捡起，学会。25A.stolen BignoredCreplaced Dflooded答案D解析根据上文中的“a bottomland(低洼地) so easily”和下文倒数第二段中的“and the lack of rain the standing corn from floods”可知，作者因在极易遭到水淹的低洼地种植玉米而遭到了邻居们的嘲笑。26A.annoyed BpuzzledCsurprised Dembarrassed答案A解析根据上文中的“I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地).that neighbors laughed”和下文中的“the wasted effort”可知，作者为自己浪费了精力而感到懊恼。annoyed烦恼的，恼火的，符合语境。embarrassed尴尬的。27A.wind speed Bflood warningCstorm damage Dheat wave答案D解析根据下文中的“The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和“the lack of rain the standing corn from floods”可知，作者在那年夏天遇到了人生中最严重的酷热期和干旱。heat wave酷热期，热浪期，符合语境。28A.began BendedCcontinued Ddisappeared答案B解析根据上文中的“Summer turned cruel.The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和下文中的“the job was lost；the money was gone”可知，作者在那年夏天遭遇了天灾人祸：热浪袭人，干旱来袭，空调报废，水井枯竭，婚姻破裂，惨遭失业，积蓄挥空。end结束，终止，符合语境。29A.relieved BloweredCpurified Dinspired答案D解析根据上下文，尤其是该句中的“Only”一词可知，此处描述的是作者