07 自定义数据类型

1 面向对象程序设计 第7章自定义数据类型 2 本章内容 结构体的概念 定义 初始化 引用和赋值结构体数组指向结构体变量的指针结构体作为函数参数new和delete运算符 3 1 结构体 structStudent intnum stringname charsex intage floatscore stringaddress Studentstudent1 10001 ZhangXin M 19 90 5 Shanghai 类型定义 变量定义和初始化 4 结构体变量的另两种定义形式 structStudent intnum stringname charsex intage floatscore stringaddress student1 student2 struct intnum stringname charsex intage floatscore stringaddress student1 student2 形式一 形式二 5 结构体变量的引用和赋值 Students1 s2 s3 s1 s2 s1 num 10010 s3 score s1 score s2 score cout s1 num Students1 s2 s3 s1 10001 ZhangXin M 19 90 5 Shanghai s1 s2 s3 cout s1 正确 错误 6 举例7 1 P206 include include includeusingnamespacestd structStudent intID stringname stringsex floatscore intmain Studentstudent1 student2 10002 张三 女 89 5 student1 student2 cout 学号姓名性别成绩 endl cout setw 6 student1 ID cout setw 8 student1 name cout setw 6 student1 sex cout setw 6 student1 score endl return0 7 2 结构体数组 Studentstu 10101 LiLin M 18 87 5 103BeijingRoad 10102 ZhangFun M 19 99 130ShanghaiRoad 10104 WangMin F 20 78 5 1010ZhongshanRoad 8 举例7 1 2 接续例7 1 include include includeusingnamespacestd constintNUM STU 3 structStudent intID stringname stringsex floatscore intmain Studentstu NUM STU 10002 张三 女 89 5 10102 李四 男 99 10104 王五 男 78 5 cout 学号姓名性别成绩 endl for inti 0 i NUM STU i cout setw 6 stu i ID cout setw 8 stu i name cout setw 6 stu i sex cout setw 6 stu i score endl return0 9 3 指向结构体变量的指针 structStudent intnum stringname charsex intage floatscore stringaddress Studentstudent1 Student p 10 举例7 1 3 接续例7 1 2 链表结构 structStudent intID stringname stringsex floatscore Student pNext intmain Students1 10002 张三 女 89 5 NULL Students2 10102 李四 男 99 NULL Students3 10104 王五 男 78 5 NULL Student pHead p pHead 11 4 结构体作为函数参数 用结构体变量名作参数 用指向结构体变量的指针作参数 用结构体变量的引用作参数 12 举例7 5 P215 include includeusingnamespacestd structStudent intnum stringname floatscore 3 voidprint Studentstu cout stu num stu name stu score 0 stu score 1 stu score 2 endl intmain Studentstu stu num 12345 stu name LiFung stu score 0 67 5 stu score 1 89 stu score 2 78 5 print stu return0 用结构体变量名作参数 13 举例7 5 P215 include includeusingnamespacestd structStudent intnum stringname floatscore 3 voidprint Student p coutnumnamescore 0 score 1 score 2 endl intmain Studentstu stu num 12345 stu name LiFung stu score 0 67 5 stu score 1 89 stu score 2 78 5 print 用指针作参数 14 举例7 5 P215 include includeusingnamespacestd structStudent intnum stringname floatscore 3 voidprint Student intmain Studentstu stu num 12345 stu name LiFung stu score 0 67 5 stu score 1 89 stu score 2 78 5 print stu return0 用引用作参数 15 5 new和delete运算符 动态地分配和撤销内存空间 16 回顾 变量的存储区 inti 1 voidf inta cout i endl cout a endl intmain intj 2 intk 3 cout k endl f j return0 静态存储区 动态存储区 i 1 j 2 k 3 a 2 17 修正 C 的4个内存区间 inti 1 intmain intj 2 int p NULL p newint 10 if NULL p cout p 正确 输出10deletep cout p 错误return0 静态存储区 动态存储区堆 heap i 1 j 2 p NULL 代码区 栈Stack 未命名变量 10 18 举例7 6 P218 include includeusingnamespacestd structStudent stringname intnum charsex intmain Student p NULL p newStudent if NULL p p name WangFun p num 10123 p sex m coutnamenumsex endl deletep p NULL return0 19 举例7 1 4 接续例7 1 3 动态链表结构 structStudent intID stringname stringsex floatscore Student pNext intmain Student pHead NULL p coutpNext pHead pHead p cin pHead ID pHead name pHe