it句型及练习(附答案).doc

It句型诠释及练习含 it 的句型几乎年年高考考到，现根据其用法特点可归纳为下列句型。 1. It is + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到才”，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.= I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain) that 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，常译为 “ 清楚（显然，真的，肯定）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned) that 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是 that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“ 据说（据报道，据悉）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbit6. It is suggested ( ordered, required . ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为“ 据建议；有命令）”。 It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . 该句型中，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 8. It is time ( about time , high time ) that . 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）的时侯”。 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second ) time that 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it 有时用 this 替换，常译为“是第一（二）次”。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10. It is since . 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 11. It is . when . 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当的时候，是”。 It was 5 oclock when he came here. 12. It be . before . 该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“之后”。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 13. It happens that. 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen是不及物动词 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧 14. It takes sb. to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做要花费某人”。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. 16. It doesnt matter whether. 该句型中whether 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为“不论（是否） 没关系。 It doesnt matter whether they are old (or not). 17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of 引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有: bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong (错误的)等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for 引起，形容词通常表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况。常见的形容词有： important, necessary, natural easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, impossible, pleasant 等。 如：It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party 19. It seems/appears that 看来 It seems/appears that he will be back in a few days. It looks ( seems ) as if . 该句型中it 无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，“看起来好象 如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It seemed as if he were dying.(虚拟语气)20. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为：【 6123结构 】 6 指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel ； 1 指的是形式宾语it ； 2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词 ； 3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that 引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. 巩固练习：1. The boy became fatter and fatter each day and made his parents sad. A.which B.what C.he D.it 2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see . A.who is heB.who he is C.who is itD.who it is 3. In fact, is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A.this B.that C.there D.it4. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but didnt help. A.he B.which C.she D.it5. Doesmatter whether he can finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it6. used to be thought that the earth was square. A.He B.What C.It D.That7. I took for granted that he would believe in us. A.that B.the thing C.it D.this8. He lived in poverty, and he couldnt help . A.so B.such C.it D.that9. We had to be patient because itsome time we got the full results. A.has been ； sinceB.had been ； until C.was； after D.would be ； before 10. four years since I joined the army.A.There was B.There is C.It was D.It is11. Have you ever seen a whale alive? Yes, Ive seen . A.thatB.itC.suchD.one12. being March 12th, they planted trees on the hill. A.ThatB.It is C.ItD.This13. Was that the new comer who walked by? . A.It must be that B.It must have been C.He must be D.This must have been 14. Our classroom is very clean. Do you know whocleaned it? A.was it that B.it was that C.was it who D.he was 15. Its the third time arrived late this month. A.that you B.when you C.that youve D.when youve 16. He said, “ a long way to school. a long way to go yet before we arrived.” A.It is ； There isB.There is ； It is C.It is ； It is D.There is； There is17. for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A.If it is not B.Where it not C.Had it not beenD.If they were not 18. She finds boring at home. A.it； staying B.that； being stayed C.this； to stay D.it； stayed 19. Few children are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard. Its no that he always gets the first place in any examination. A.question B.doubt C.problem D.wonder20. Now then, children. Its high time you and dressed. A.washedB.should wash C.were washed D.are washed 21. Why did he let you repeat his instruction time and time again? that I remember what wasafter he went out. A.To see to it；to be done B.Making sure； to be done C.To make sure；to do D.Seeing to； done 22. the people have become the master of their own countryscience can really serve the people. A.It is only then； thatB.It was that； when C.It is only when； that D.It was when； then23. is no difference between A and B. A.There B.Where C.It D.What 24. How long to finish your composition? A.will it take you B.will take you C.you will take it D.you will take 25. is just like him to want to do something different from everybody else. A.It B.There C.He D.Who 26. That young Swedishquite still, except that his lips moved slightly. A.kept B.grew C.got D.stood27. In late autumn leaves brown. A.get B.turn C.stand D.come28. Little Jims speech sounds . A.friendly B.wonderfully C.pleasantly D.nicely 29. The poor boy blind at the age of three. A.turned B.went C.became D.looked30. As a child, Franc . A.was alive B.grew patience C.ran wild D.came true 1.D。it指代上文提到的事。另外，指代上文提到的情况，还可用that；指代下文的情况用this。2.D。it作人称代词,用来指代身份和性别等不明确的人。3.D。it作形式主语,真正主语为不定式复合结构for sb. to do sth.4.D。it指代前一分句的内容。5.D。it作形式主语，代替if从句所表达的内容。6.C。it作形式主语，代替真正主语that从句。7.C。it作形式宾语，代替后面的that从句。8.C。cantcouldnt help (it)意为“是没有办法的事”，“控制不了”。9.D。在it be一段时间beforeaftersince句型中，before从句中的动作经过该段时间后才会实现；after从句中的动作完成后已经过去了一段时间；since从句中的动作完成后到现在已经有一段时间了。10.D。参见注9。11.D。one作为不定代词用来代替上文出现的单数可数名词；it为人称代词，指代前面出现过的某个事物；that常用来指代上文提到的不可数名词。12.C。it在此指时间,与being March 12th 构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语。13.B。表示对过去情况的猜测，用“情态动词have done”；而it代替上文所指的new comer。14.B。who引导的从句是强调句型，在句中作宾语,用陈述语序。15.C。its the second third time that 后的从句用完成时态。16.A。its a long way中，it 代替距离，表示“那是一段很长的路”。There is a long way to go.是存在句型，表示“还有一段很长的路要走”。17.C。Had it not been是if it had not been的倒装形式，意思是“要不是”。18.A。it作形式宾语，代替后面的-ing形式短语或不定式短语。19.D。Its no wonder that意为“毫无疑问”，“难怪”。而There is no doubt that意为“毫不怀疑”，“毫无疑问”。20.C。Its high time that 句型中,that从句应使用虚拟语气。根据dress的用法，应选C。washed和dressed共用助动词were。21.A。第一空为不定式作目的状语，用来回答问句。第二空的主语是what，应用被动意义的to be done. see to it that的意思是“务必使”，“注意使”。22.C。该题为强调句型，强调only when引导的时间状语从句。23.A。表示“存在区别”应使用there be句型。24.A。该题包括It takes sb. some time to do sth.这一结构。25.A。符合句型Its like sb. to do sth.，句意为“只有他才会做与众不同的事。”26.D。stand表示“保持某种状态”，后面接表示状态的形容词作表语，强调状态的延续。27.B。turn意为“变成”“变得”。28.A。此题应选择形容词作sounds的表语。29.B。当表示永久性的或难以扭转的变化时，常用系动词go。30.C。ran wild为固定短语，意思是“放荡不羁”。强调句型考点面面观句型结构：It is / was + 被强调部分+ that / who /whom +句子剩余部分 这个句型用来强调除谓语以外的各种句子成分,被强调部分必须放在it is/was 后面，如果强调的部分是人，可以who/whom 来代替that. 如：They will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow. 强调主语:It is they that/who will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow. 强调宾语:It is a meeting that they will have in the hall tomorrow 强调地点状语:It is in the hall that they will have a meeting tomorrow 强调时间状语:It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in the hall.随着高考考点的不断深入变化，该句型总是以新的面孔出现，或本身发生变化，或与其他句式结构相结合，然而万变不离其宗，总是脱不掉it + be + that/who/whom 这一框架结构。现在结合近几年有关高考题的特点，将其变化形式归纳如下：一. 强调句型的一般疑问句形式。句式特征：Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that； 1（1994 上海）Was it in 1969 _ the American astronauts succeeded _ landing on the moon ?A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in 简析：比较It was in 1969 that the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon 我们不难看出该题干实质上是该陈述句的一般疑问句形式。答案选D。 2Could it be in the restaurant in _ you had dinner with me yesterday _ you lost your handbag?A. that; which B. which; that C. where; that D. that; where 这是一个含有情态动词的强调句型的一般疑问句形式，第一空格所在的句子成分应为定语从句，结合介词in应用关系代词which；第二个空格所在部分应为强调句型中的that分句。故答案为B。二、 结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式。句式特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that？ 3_ is it _has made Peter _he is today?A. What; that; that B. That; that; whatC. What; what; that D. What; that; what 简析：本题结构复杂，乍看难以理清，请看下面两句：It is determination that has made Peter what he is today.对划线部分提问What is it that has made Peter what he is today?对照原题，则答案为D。 依此为据扩展开来可为： 4How is it that she turned down our help? 什么原因使得？ 5Where was it that you met Tom yesterday? 究竟在哪？ 6When was it that you met him in the park? 究竟何时？ 7When and where was it that you got to know Mary? 究竟在何时何地？ 8Who was it that that came up with the bright idea? 究竟是谁？ 9Which book is it that you want to buy? 究竟是哪一本书？ 10Whose umbrella was it that you took away? 到底是谁的伞？三、 强调句型的反意疑问句形式句式特征为：It is/was+被强调部分+that，isnt / wasnt it？ 11It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, _?A. do they B. didnt they C. wasnt it D. was it 简析：答案C. 此种情况下疑问句中的主语应与强调句型中的主语it保持一致，不能和被强调部分中的名词或代词保持一致，并要遵守“前肯定后否定”的原则。四、强调句型的感叹句形式。 句式特征为：what/ how it is (that) +主语+谓语！ 12What a beautiful picture it is (that) you have drawn! 13How beautiful it is (that) your daughter is!五、强调句型的“让步含义”。句式特征为：含有“让步含义”的强调句型在翻译成汉语时要注意“反译”。 14It is a wise father that knows his own child.再英明的父亲也不会理解他自己的子女。（莎士比亚名言） 15It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.再聪明的人也会犯错误。六、在强调句型中考察主谓一致与比较结构。 在强调句型中，有时也考察用rather than，not but等连接的平行对比结构，此时既要注重比较结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。句式特征为： It is/was notbutthat ; 不是而是（that后的动词与but后的名词或代词保持一致） It is /was not that ; 是而不是（that后的动词应与not前的名词或代词保持一致） It is/was rather than that ;是而不是 ( that后的动词应与rather than前的名词或代词保持一致) 16It is not help but obstacles that make a man. 简析：本句译为“使人成才的，不是助力，而是阻力”。注意obstacles和make形成主谓一致关系。 17Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, _ to blame.A. is B. that is C. are D. who are 简析：此句被强调部分中的the sales manager，通过rather than与the sales girls形成比较结构，再考虑到主谓一致的原则，应选B。 18(NMET 2000, 24) It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. it 简析：本题答案选B。在本题中被强调部分the ability to do the job 与 not where you come from or what you are形成比较结构，the ability to do the job与matters形成主谓一致关系。当然本题还可说成：It is the ability to do the job not where you come from or what you are that matters. 但这样就显得句子重心不稳，结构不合理。 19It is the prevention of disease rather than its successful treatment that has led to the rapid increase of the worlds population. 简析：本句中被强调部分为对比结构，含义为“导致世界人口快速增长的原因是对疾病的预防而非对疾病的成功治疗。”当然has led to的主语应是the prevention of disease。七、强调句型中的be动词和情态动词的结合。句式特征: It may be+ 被强调部分+ that It must have been+被强调部分+ that Would/ Could it be +被强调部分+that? 20It might have been John _bought a new book for Mary yesterday.A. what B. since C. that D. then 该题答案为C，许多考生误选其他的原因在于be的复杂化而看不出本句为强调句型。再如： 21It may be next week that she leaves for Tokyo.八、强调句型和名词性从句的结合。 句式特征为: 整个强调句型用作名词性从句; 或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。 22 Ive already forgotten _you put the dictionary.A. that it was there B. where was it thatC. that where it was D. where it was that 简析：本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。第一步，复原It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.第二步，对划线部分提问Where was it that you put the dictionary?第三步，变为陈述语序，将其用作forgotten的宾语从句则变为：Ive already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.与原题对比，答案应为D。 再看一个强调句型中含有同位语从句的例子： 23It was at the very beginning _Mr. Fox made the decision _ we should send more firefighters there.A. when; which B. where; what C. then; so D. that; that 简析：本题答案为D。 第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。九、强调句型和定语从句的结合。句式特征为: 在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句，这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。应特别注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that/who部分。 24 It was in the small house _was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood. A. which; that B. that; where C. which; which D. that; which 简析：本题含义为“是在这间小房子里他度过了童年”，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that, 故答案选A。再如： 25 It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of time that he ought to have spent doing his lessons. 简析：划线部分作定语从句修饰先行词time。本题中有两个that，最大的误会就是把二者弄混，第一个that是强调句型中的；第二个that是关系代词引导定语从句的。因其作spent的宾语，可以省去。 26Is _three hours _the boy _family is poor to come to school on foot?A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whoseC. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that; 简析：本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb some time to do sth.的糅合。我们也分几步来看这个句子：第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot.第二步：以the boy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为： It takes the boy whose family is poor three hours to come to school on foot.第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot.第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句即是该题，经对比可知答案应为B。 十、强调句型和（not）until句型的结合。句式特征为: It is/ was until +被强调部分+that +延续动词 It is/ was not until+被强调部分+that+短暂动词 如：用强调句型对I didnt leave until it got dark.中的划线部分进行强调，则变成： 27 It was not until he came back that I knew the result. 简析：注意此种情况下否定词not要从原题的主句上转移到被强调的从句上，这也是否定转移的一种形式。 28 It was until last year that he _.A. left school for a new startB. came to realize the importance of learning EnglishC. worked as an English teacher at a middle schoolD. set out to build a new house of his own 简析：本题不含否定词not，四个选项中只有C项中的动词work为延续性动词，答案C。十一、强调句型的省略形式。 句式特征为: 在一定的上下文中，强调句型的某个部分可以省略。作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。 29 Who is making so much noise in the garden? _ the children.A. It is B. T