定语从句的概念.doc

.一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中做定语，修饰某一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系词引导。定语从句的结构是：先行词+关系词+定语从句。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词 包括(that， which， who，whom， whose）等，关系副词包括(where， when， why)等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。（主语和宾语等）Eg: 1. Do you know the boy that/who is from Japan.（主语） 2. I dont like the book that/ which is boring. (主语) 3.I dont know the time when we will start.(状语)三、学习关系代词that, who, which, whose的用法先行词关系词代词作用能否省略人that, who主语,宾语否能物that, which主语,宾语否能人或物thatwhose主语,宾语定语否1. Do you know the boy that/who is from Japan.（主语）2. the man （that/who） I talked with just now is my teacher. (宾语)3. I dont like the book (that/ which) is boring. (主语)4. The bike （that/ which） I borrowed yesterday is Kangkangs. (宾语)5. I have a pen whose color is black.(定语)6. I know the boy whose father is a teacher. （定语）练习. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。1. The thing _you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？四、关系代词只能用that的情况：1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。2.当先行词为all，any，much，everything，anything，none等不定代词时，只能用that.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ 3.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last等词修饰时，只能用that. 例如：This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。4.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。5. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？单项填空。（ ）1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes， hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom（ ）2. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it（ ）3. Can you lend me the dictionary _ last week？A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it（ ）4. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. that agrees D. which agree（ ）5. the only thing _I can do for him is give him some help. A. that B. it C. which D. who（ ）6. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that D.of which.（ ）7. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was（ ）9. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who宾语从句与定语从句的区别宾语从句的引导词有that, if/whether 以及疑问词代词what, which, who, whose, 和疑问副词how, when, where, why.学习宾语从句要注意的是引导词，语序，时态（主是现在时，从句可以是任何时态，而主句是过