中考英语知识点大全.doc

初中英语反意疑问句问答大全1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7)陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8)陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9)陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。What colors, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12)陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18)陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?20)must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be there now, isnt he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分 I arent I Wishmay +主语 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义rarely, little等否定含义的词 ought to（肯定的） shouldnt/ oughtnt +主语 have to+ v.(had to+ v.)dont +主语(didnt +主语) used to didnt +主语或 usednt +主语 had better + v.hadnt youwould rather + v.wouldnt +主语youd like to + v. wouldnt +主语must 根据实际情况而定感叹句中 be +主语Neithernor, eitheror 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定并列主语 指示代词或不定代词everything, that,主语用itnothing, this 并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定 定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定 think, believe, expect,suppose, imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句 everybody, anyone,somebody, nobody, no one复数they, 单数he 情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语 省去主语的祈使句 will you？Lets 开头的祈使句 Shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句Will you? there be相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式must表推测根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句初中阶段介词用法汇编一、表示时间的介词：1、at、on、in“at时间点，有on必有天，in指月季年，也和色相连”就是说，有具体的时间点的时候用at，具体那一天用on，说到月份，季节，年份，就用in ；而且说谁穿了什么颜色的衣服的时候，也是用in XX（color）】at用于某一具体时刻或重大节日之前在五点钟_在中午_在夜晚_在圣诞节_在午夜_【答案】at five oclock at noon at night at Christmas at midnight(2)on用在具体某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上之前在国庆节_在周二晚上_在星期天_【答案】on National Day on Tuesday on Sunday(3)in用在周、日、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前在一周内_在五月_在夏季_在2009年_在下午_【答案】in a week in may in summer in 2009 in the afternoon归纳总结在初中阶段常见的固定短语in English用英语 in a minute一会儿、立刻 in a short while一会儿、不久in a hurry匆匆忙忙 in danger在危险中 in full全部地、详细地in a word一句话 in all总共 in every case不管怎样in the end最后 in spite of尽管 in person亲自in fact事实上 in good health身体健康的 in front of在前面in some ways在某些方面 in common共同的 in public当众考题再现：-Who was the first man with A(h1n1) flu in mainland China know for sure? -_May 11,2009. A In B On C For D Since【答案】B 【解析】在具体的某一天用on2、before、afterbefore表示“在某时刻或某件事之前”，after用在时刻或某件事之后。We must leave _.八点钟之前我们必须离开。（before 8 oclock）_breakfast ,he hurried to school.早餐后，他匆忙上学去了。（After）考题再现：When the school biulding began to shake,the teachers ran downstdirs _all the students.The teachers are real hero. A .after B .with C .befor【答案】A 【解析】after“在之后”，with“与一起”，before“在之前”。老师们是英雄，说明老师们在地震后跑在了学生之后。3、by、until、till（1）by表示“在之前，到为止”You must hand in your homework _nine oclock.你必须在9点前交上家庭作业。（by）（2）till与until都有“直到”或“直到为止”之意，till多用于口语，且不能放在句首，till和until用于肯定句时，主句中动词的动作一致延续到till或until后的时间为止；till和until用于否定句时，主句中的动词是瞬间动作，它的动作要到till或until后的时间才发生。Eg：He can not be back _January.直到一月份他才回来。（till/until）We waited _10 oclock last night.昨晚我们一直等到10点钟。（till/until）4、since, for Since 和for后接时间都可用于完成时，表示某一动作“延续了一段时间”。而for后跟“时间段”，since后接时间点，常与含延续性动词的完成时连用。（1） The Green family have been in China _four years.格林一家在中国已经四年了。（2） Hes been here _ two years ago.他来这儿已经两年了。【答案】（1）for （2）since5、in ，after 两者都有“在一段时间之后”之意，但“in+时间段”表示时间从现在算起，常用语将来时态；而“after+时间段/时间点”表示的时间从过去算起，多用于过去式。Eg：（1）I will finish the work _two hours.两个小时后我将完成这项工作。（2）He returned his hometown _half an year.半年后他返回了他的故乡。【答案】（1）in （2）after【考题再现】No hurry.The bus will arrive _ten minutes.A .at B. for C.in D. by【答案】C【解析】在将来时中，in用在一段时间之前，表示在一段时间之后。故选C6、during，through（1）during意为“在一段时间内”的行为或状态，与一段时间的整体连用。如：during the winter，during yesterday等，也可以喝表示延续性事件的名词连用，如：during our stay，during my visit等。一般不用在现在完成时的句子里。Eg：I made many good friends_my visit to China.我在中国参观期间交了很多好朋友。Theres too much wind in the north _the spring.春季北方的风很多。【答案】（1）during （2）during（2） through表示“从开始到结束的全过程”。Eg Its very hot_the whole summer this year.全年整个夏季都很热。 We work from Monday _Sunday.从周一到周日我们都在上班。【答案】throgh throgh二、表示地点的介词：表示方位的介词：in、on、toIn表示“在内”，on表示“与相邻”，to表示“在之外，又不相邻”A is in the northeast of B.A is on the west of B.B is to the east of A. 【考题再现】Taiwan is a beautiful island and its _east of Fujian. A.in B.on C.to 【解析】在表示方位时，in表在内部，on表相邻，to表在外部，又不相邻。台湾在附件的外部，与福建隔海相望。故选 C2、表示“在之上或之下”的介词（1）on、over、above表示“在之上”。On表示接触的上方，over表示不接触的正上方，above表示不接触的斜上方。Eg： My pencil-case is _ Li Leis desk.我的铅笔盒在李磊的课桌上。（on） There is a bridge _ the river.河上有座桥。（over） The plane is flying _ the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。（above）（2）bneath、under、below都有“在之下”之意。Beneath是on的反义词，表示接触的下方；under是over的反义词，表示不接触的正下方；below是above的反义词，表示不垂直且不与表面接触的下方。Eg：Please do not write _this line.请不要写在这条线的下面。（below） The boy find his lost knife _a pile of leaves.那男孩在一堆树叶下发现了他丢失的小。（beneath） The water flows _the bridge.水在桥下流过。（under）【考题再现】The weather report said that the temperature would fell _(在下面)zero.【答案】below 【解析】“在下面”可用below或under，表示在温度的上方或下方用above（上）或 Below（下）。3、表示在某地的介词：at、in、onat表示较小的地点，in表示较大的地方，on表示在一个平面上。Eg：_ Shanghai._ home._ ground.【答案】 in at on【考题再现】Tom told me his parents had arrived _Beijing. A. at B. on C. in D. to 【答案】 C【解析】arrive后接两个介词in或at，at接小地方，in接大地方。北京是大地方，故选C。4、表示“前、后”的介词in front of ，in the front of，before 表示“在之前” in front of = before表示“在某一范围之外的前面” in the front of表示“在某一范围之内的前部” eg：Tom is short and always sits _ the classroom.汤姆很矮，一直坐在教室的前面。（in the front Of）There is a tree _ my house.我的房前有棵大树。（in front of/before）at the back of,behind,after三者均有“在之后”之意，at the back of是in the front of的反义词，表示“在某一范围之内的后部”，behind是in front of的反义词，表示“在某一范围之外的后面”，After可与behind互换，也可以用于表示运动的词词后面。Eg：The couples are walking _their son.这对夫妇跟在他们的儿子后面散步。（after）Your cat is hinding _the tree.你的猫躲在树后面。（behind）Theres a blackboard _the classroom.教室后面有块黑板。（at the back of）【考题再现】There is a bank _（在后面）the bus station.【答案】behind【解析】在某一物体外部的后面，用介词behind5、表示“里外”的介词in表示“在内”，有静止之意，inside表示“在里面”、“到里面”，强调“以为界”之意， into表示动作的方向，意为“到内”。 Eg： My wallet is _the closet.我的钱包在衣柜里。（in） The boy rushed _ the house.这个男孩冲进房子。（into） He was reading English _the door.他在家里读英语。（inside）【考题再现】The school days are busy enough,yet the taylors try to fit as much as possible _their kids lives.A. in B. into C. on D. at【答案】B 【解析】fit into是固定短语。outside是inside的反义词，表示“在外面”，out of 是into的反义词，表示“到外”。 Eg：Dont look _the window when you are in class.上课时不要想窗外看。（out of）They are having an important meeting ,please wait _ the office.他们正在召开一个重要的会议，请在办公室外边等候。（outside）三、其他介词1、表示材料与手段的介词：with,by,inwith表示用什么工具，所用的东西都是具体的物。 Eg： We see _our eyes and hear _ears.我们用眼看，用耳听。（with,with）by指“靠手段”，“用方法”，“凭借动作”，所表示的方法、手段、途径比较抽象，后接名词、代 词或动名词，也可和bus、plane、bike等表示交通手段的名词连用。 Eg： He earns his living _writing.他靠写作谋生。（by） I shall contact you _telephone.我将打电话和你联系。（by） I will travel to Hainan _ air.我将乘飞机去海南。（by）【考题再现】Lin Lin often practices English _chatting with her American friend. A. in B. by C. for D.with【答案】B 【解析】by后接动名词常表示使用某种方法或通过某种途径。in表示“所用材料以及所用的语言、声音、衣饰等” eg： They are talking _Japanese.他们正用日语交谈。（in） The boy always _a blue heat.男孩常带一顶蓝帽。（in） I like to draw picture _red ink.我喜欢用红墨水画画。（in）【考题再现】Betly lets make a cake _some flour,sugar,butter and milk. A. at B. of C. in D. with【答案】D 【解析】根据句意“Betly让我们用面粉、糖、黄油、牛奶做面包”可知，空格部分介词为用，With指工具或材料，故选D。2、of,from,aboutOf表示“属于的”，表示数量或种类；from表示“是哪里人”以及时间或时间的起点来自；about“关于”、“大约、左右”等。 Eg：The old man sit here _morning.从早晨起老人就坐在这儿。（from）Wang Hong is a friend _mine.王红是我的一位朋友。（of）I know nothing _him.我对他一无所知。（about）There are _fifty people in the room.房间里大约有50人。（about）Here is a cup _tea for you.给你一杯茶。（of）These visitors are all _American.这些游客都来自美国。（from）【考题再现】I got an e-mail this morning.It was _ my foreign friend ,Tony.【答案】D 【解析】be from意为“来自”，表明主语的出处。四、几个已混介词的用法辨析1、between,amongbetween指“两者之间”包括两个以上的人或物中两两之间。among指三者或三者以上的中间。 Eg：My school is _the post office and the hospital.我的学校在邮局和医院之间。（between）I found him _the crowd.我从人群中发现了他。（among）【考题再现】You must ride your bike _the right side of road. A. at B. on C. in D.for 【答案】B 【解析】在左/右要用介词on2、across,throughAcross的含义与on有关，表示某一动作在某一物体的表面进行，其意思为“横过”，用来表示出于或到达一条线、一条河或一条道路的另一侧。through的含义与in有关，表示动作发生在立体空间，是从内部穿过。常用来表示穿过洞形、筒形或类似的封闭物体到达另一端。 Eg：He walked _the forest.他穿过了森林。（through）We walked _the road.我们横穿马路。（across）【考题再现】Lets go _the road.The shop is _the other side. A.across,on B.cross,on C.through,in D.between,on【答案】A 【解析】across与cross表示横穿，常用来穿街道、马路等；through表示从内部穿过，常用来穿森林、隧道等。3、beside，except，but三词都有“除之外”之意，但beside表“除之外，还有”，指整体中加入一部分，含义是肯定的；Except和but都表示从整体中除去部分，常可换用，但but着重在整体，常用在on，all，nobody，where，Who等词后，except不受此限，且着重在除去的部分。 Eg：Im free every day_today.除了今天我每天都有空。（except）Therere many rivers in China _the Changjiang and Huanghue.中国除了长江和黄河外还有许多河流。（beside）Who _ Steve would do such a thing.除了史蒂芬谁还会干这种事。（but）【考题再现】Mr. Lin gave the textbook to all the students_the ones who had already taken Them. A. except B.including C.among D.with 【答案】A【解析】except表示“排除在外”，即把其后的宾语排除在发生的范围之外。五、含有介词的固定搭配1、介词与动词do well in在某方面做的好do with处置agree with sb.同意某人begin with以开始laugh at嘲笑help with在方面帮助leave for动身去某地catch up with赶上get on/a long with与相处arrive in/at到达makefriend with与交朋友take care of照顾、照料look at看listen to听hear from听说look for寻找turn on/off打开/关上send for派人去请look after照看、照料put on穿上pay for为付钱lookover检查depend on依赖、依靠wait for等候fill with充满ask for要，要求【考题再现】What would you do _the lost libarary book? I would by to find it or pay _ it. A.for,to B.about,for C.with,for D.with,to【答案】C 【解析】本题考查的是介词的固定搭配。do with意为“处置”、“对付”，pay for“为付钱”2、介词和形容词的固定搭配be satisfied with sb.对某人感到满意be weak in在某方面差be good/bad for对有益/有害be late for迟到be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意be busy with忙于be angry at sth.因而生气be made of由制成be angry at sb.生某人的气be good at在方面做的好be full of充满be different from与不同be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sth.对某事要求严格be proud of以为荣【考题再现】We must be strict _ourselves and strict_our work. A.in,with B.with,in C.in,in D.with,with 【答案】B【解析】本体考察的是介词和形容词搭配的固定短语。be strict with sb.意为“对某人要求严格”，对 某事要求严格在strict后面接in3、介词与名词搭配in time及时at work在工作on time按时in fact事实上at home在家at once马上at night晚上in trouble处于困境on foot步行on duty值日in a hurry匆忙in the sun在阳光下历年中考英语出现频率较高的知识点1.stop to do sth. 和stop doing sth. “stop to do sth.” 表示停止做其它事情而去做“to do sth.”所表示的事情，可以将“to do sth.”理解成“stop”的目的状语；“stop doing sth.”表示不做“doing sth.”所表示的事情。 例如： “Stop talking. Lets begin our class.” said the teacher. 老师说：“别说话了，让我们开始上课。” We have kept doing our homework for a long time. Lets stop to listen to music. 我们做家庭作业很长时间了，让我们停下来听听音乐。 2.forget to do sth.和forget doing sth. (remember to do sth. 和remember doing sth.) “forget to do sth.”表示将来不要忘记做某事，谈的是未来的事情；“forget doing sth.”表示忘记过去应该做的事情。 例如： “Dont forget to do your homework.” said the teacher before the class was over. 老师在下课前说：“不要忘记做家庭作业。” “Im sorry. I forgot doing my homework. May I hand it in this afternoon, Mr. Chen?” said Li Ming. 李明说：“对不起，我忘记做家庭作业了。我今天下午交好吗，陈老师？” 3.have sth. done.（过去分词）（让别人）做某事 例如：I had my hair cut yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午理了发。 My computer can not work now. I must have it repaired. 我的电脑有故障了，我必须让人修好它。 4. 感官动词后接不带to的不定式或者现在分词的区别 例如：see sb. do sth.看见某人（经常）做某事 和see sb. doing sth.看见某人（正在）做某事 I often see him do exercise in the morning. 我经常在早晨看见他锻炼身体。 When I was walking in the park, I saw him drawing a picture there. 当我在公园散步的时候，我看见他正在那里画画。 5. 在主动语态中，感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch等)和使役动词(make, have, let等)要求接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，而在被动语态里，不定式要带上to。 例如：The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day. The workers were made to work 10 hours a day. She was heard to use strong language. 听说她骂人了。 6常用的几个和不定式有关的句型： Why not do sth? 为什么不做某事？ It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人多长时间。 It is/was +形容词+(for sb.) +to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样。 7. 介词后面一般接动名词。同学们要特别注意介词to和不定式符号to的区别，例如下面的词组一定要记清： prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做不喜欢做 look forward to doing sth. 期待/盼望做某事 make a contribution to doing sth. 为做出贡献 8. 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 A. 现在分词含有正在进行的意思，而过去分词含有被动或者已经完成的意思，如： a developing country 发展中国家 a developed country 发达国家 boiling water 正在沸腾的水(一般情况下水温为100) boiled water 开水（已经烧开的水，水温可以依然很高，也可以是凉白开） a boy named Jim 一个叫Jim的男孩 B. 有些动词的现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词特征，但是它们的意思有区别。它们的-ing形式往往用来说明事物的特征；他们的-ed形式表示被动的意思，用来说明人的情况。 I am interested in this interesting story. 我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。 I am moved at the moving sight. 我被这动人的情景感动了。 They were amazed at the amazing facts. 他们对那些令人惊异的事实感到惊奇。 下面是一些常见的固定表达，请同学们牢记： 和to do 连用的固定搭配 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 be pleased /be glad to do sth.很高兴做某事 cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 cant afford to do sth. 不能担负起干某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 do/try ones best to do sth.尽全力做某事 do nothing to do sth. 对无能为力 deserve to do sth. 值得干某事 形容词/副词+enough to do sth. 足以做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 find + it + 形容词 +to do sth. 发现做某事 get ready to do sth. 准备做某事 go on to do sth. 继续做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 improve sth. to do sth. 改善/提高某物来干某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人干某事 Its better to do sth. 干某事比较好 Its time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了。 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 love to do sth. 爱做某事 learn to do sth. 学会做某事 make ones mind to do sth. 下决心做某事 make a list of five ways to do sth. 列出干某事的五种方式的清单 need to do sth. 需要做某事 plan to do sth. 计划干某事 prefer to do sth.+ rather than do sth. 喜欢不喜欢 refuse to do sth. 拒绝干某事 remember to do 记得要去做某事 The best time to do sth. is 干某事的最佳时间是 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 start/begin to do sth. 开始做某事 seem to do sth. 似乎要做某事 set ones mind to do sth. 一心要做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 tooto do sth. 太以致于不能 try to do sth. 努力/试着去做 think it nessary for sb. to do sth. 认为某人有必要干某事 Theres no time to do sth. 没时间做某事 teach sb. (how) to do sth. 教某人干某事 used to do sth. 过去常常干某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 would love to do sth. 很愿意做某事 would like (sb.) to do sth. 想让某人做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事 和doing 连用的