名词性从句讲义

名词性从句名词性从句 一 一 名词性从句的概念 名词性从句的概念 1 相当于名词 分为主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同位语从句 2 名词性从句的引导词 that whether if 一般是宾语从句 as if 表语从句 who whom whose what which when where why how 以及由 how 组成的词组 如 how many how long how far 两组需要注意的连接词 that what 1 that 和 what 都可以引导名词性从句 但 that 是连接词 本身无词义 仅起连接作用 不在从句中担任任何成份 what 是连接代词 不仅引导名词性从句 而且在从句中充当一 定的成份 如主语 宾语或表语 e g That he stole a bike was true The important thing is what you do but not what you say 高考真题 we can t get seems better than we have A What what B What that C That that D That what 2 whether 和 if 均可引导动词后的宾语从句 常可互换 a 在介词后面只能用 whether 不能用 if 例如 This depends upon whether we are determined to do it b 在动词不定式之前 只能用 whether 不能用 if 例如 He doesn t know whether to stay or not c 引导主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句时只能用 whether 例如 It is unknown whether he will come 他是否来还不知道 The question is whether they can take our advice 3 The question whether he ll come is unknown 3 doubt 用于肯定结构时 后面用 whether if 引导名词性从句 用于否定结构或疑问结构 时 后面用 that 引导名词性从句 be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时 后接 that 引导的名词性 从句 用于否定句时 后接 whether if 引导的名词性从句 e g We doubt whether if he can win the game 二 二 各从句的使用及注意事项各从句的使用及注意事项 一 一 主语从句 主语从句 1 充当主语的句子即主语从句 That he will come is certain Which team will win the match is a matter of public concern 2 名从的数 1 用一个句子做主语时谓语动词用单数 e g What you said always right 2 主语连接的是两个或者两个以上的从句时 谓语动词用复数 e g When we will start and where we will go have not been decided yet 3 主语连接的是两个或两个以上的连接词时 谓语动词用单数 e g When and where we will go have not been decided yet 3 形式主语 主语较长时 多在句子的后面 用 it 为形式主语 主要是 It be adj that e g It is probable that he told her everything It be n that It is no surprise that our team should have won the game It be p p that It is said that Jack drives badly It seem happen that It seems that Alice is not coming to the party 主语从句 that 不能省略 只可用 whether 不用 if 二 表语从句 二 表语从句 1 表语从句放在系动词之后 2 系动词 be 动词 感动词 表动词 The truth is that I have never been there It looks as if it were going to rain 3 as as if as though 引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面 如 seem appear look taste sound feel 等 如 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door 听上去好像有人在敲门 At that time it seemed as though I couldn t think of the right word 当时我似乎怎么也 想不出一个恰当的字眼来 三 宾语从句 三 宾语从句 1 宾语从句放在动词介词之后 Do you think my clothes fit well 动宾 Are you sorry for what you ve done 介宾 2 时态一致原则 1 如果主句谓语动词为现在时或将来时 从句中的谓语可以不受影响 根据具体的情况 来定 e g Has he told you when he received the gift Will you tell me how you two are getting along 2 如果主语谓语动词为过去时 从句谓语一般要跟着改为相应的过去时 e g I didn t know where they lived He thought he was working for the people Asked him how long he had been waiting 3 当宾语从句表示永恒真理时谓语可以不变 e g This proved that the earth is round 3 另外有形式宾语 it 的形式 We thought it strange that Mike did not come yesterday that 引导的宾语从句做介词的宾语很少 只在 except but besides 之后 其他的介词要 加 that 宾语从句 用 it 做形式宾语 The girl has not changed at all except that she is no longer so talkative You may depend on it that they will support you 4 否定前移和反义疑问句 宾语从句 否定前移的条件 1 主句主语是第一人称 2 常需要前移的词 think believe suppose except consider 不能使用否定前移的情况 1 think 等动词前有副词或者表示强调的 do 时 e g I really except he won t fail the examination I do think that he is not fair 2 think 等词和其他词构成并列的谓语时 e g I think and hope that he won t cheat at cards 3 think 作为插入语时 e g His decision is not wise I think 5 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 It is necessary that a college student at least a foreign language A masters B should master C mastered D will master 分析 本题选 B 句子的意思是 大学生至少应该掌握一门外语 It 作形式主语 that 引导 的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气 1 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇 不相信 惋惜 理应如此等 谓语动词用虚拟语气 should do 常用的句型有 I It is necessary important natural strange etc that II It is a pity a shame no wonder etc that III It is suggested requested proposed desired etc that 如 It is strange that she should think so 2 表示建议 请求 命令 要求 坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气 常 用的这类动词有 suggest propose insist desire demand request order command 等 如 I insist that she should do her work alone 3 主语是 suggestion proposal request decision 等表示 建议 请求 要求 决定等 意思的词时 表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气 should do 如 His suggestion is that we should hold another meeting to discuss the question 4 表示 建议 请求 命令 要求 决定等 意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动 词要用虚拟语气 should do 如 They received orders that the work should be done at once 5 两个特例 insist 和 suggest insist A 作 坚持认为 解释时 其后面的宾语从句用陈述语气 如 I insisted to everyone that he was wrong 我对每个人坚持说他错了 The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel 这阿拉伯人坚持说他从没看见过这头骆驼 B 作 坚决主张 坚决要求 解释时 其后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 即宾语从句 的谓语用 should do sth 如 I insisted that he should go to see my father 我坚决要他去见我的父亲 The Arab insisted that they should look for the camel 这阿拉伯人坚持要他们去寻找这头骆驼 C 同时 我们也可以用 insist on sth 或 insist on doing sth 来表达上述的两种意思 如 I insisted on my correctness I insisted that I was correct 我坚持认为自己是对的 He insists on his innocence He insists that he is innocent 他坚持认为自己无罪 We all insist on not resting until we finish the work We all insist that we should not rest until we finish the work 我们都坚决要求不完工就不休息 He insists on my being present at the meeting He insists that I should be present at the meeting 他一定要我出席这个会议 suggest A 作 暗示 表明 解释时 其后面的宾语从句用陈述语气 如 Her expression suggested that she was angry 她的表情显示出她生气了 Are you suggesting that he is too old for the job 你的意思是说他年纪太大了而不能干这工作 B 作 建议 解释时 其后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气 也就是说宾语从句的谓语用 should do sth 如 I suggested that she should leave early for the airport 我建议她早点儿动身去机场 He suggested that I should wear a jacket 他建议我穿一件夹克衫 C 我们也可以用 suggest one one s doing sth 来表达 建议 如 I suggested our class holding a meeting to discuss the problem I suggested that our class should hold a meeting to discuss the problem 我建议我们班开个班会讨论这个问题 He suggested putting off the sports meet to the next week He suggested that the sports meet should be put off to the next week 他建议运动会推迟到下周 四 同位语从句 四 同位语从句 1 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语 一般位于该名词 常见的 fact news hope truth idea suggestion thought question order problem belief doubt fear 常见的引导词 that whether 等 e g We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun 2 同位语从句的 that 不能省略 3 同位语从句和定语从句的差别 同位语从句 说明内容 that 不是从句中的一个成分 定语从句 说明性质和特征 that 是从句中的一个成分 e g He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first 同位 语从句 The suggestion that he had put forward was turned down 定语从句 三 高考名词性从句规律性总结三 高考名词性从句规律性总结 规律一 that 引导陈述句作主语从句 that 只起连接作用 在从句中不充当成分 that 不能 省 除宾语从句 规律二 that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分 what 在引导名词性从句时 充当成分 如 主语