高中英语语法讲稿十六讲第1讲：现在完成时和现在完成进行时讲稿

第一讲第一讲 现在完成时和现在完成进行时现在完成时和现在完成进行时 Summary 英语的动词时态有四种 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态和完成进行时态 现在完成 时的构成公式为 have has 过去分词 现在完成进行时的构成公式为 have has been 现在分词 现在完成时的基本例句 1 We have lived here since1995 2 I have been to Japan twice 3 Joan has just finished her homework 其中 2 3 描述的是过去发生而与现在情况有关的事物或状态 1 描述的是从过去某 时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况 总之 现在完成时表现的是从过去到现在的事情 总之 现在完成时表现的是从过去到现在的事情 一 一 现在完成时的形式现在完成时的形式 A A 现在完成时的肯定句现在完成时的肯定句 句型 主语 I we you 第三人称复数 have 过去分词 主语 第三人称单数 has 过去分词 例 1 I have been busy all the day 2 My father has read today s paper 3 I have just written the letter B B 现在完成时的否定句现在完成时的否定句 句型 主语 have has not 过去分词 例 1 The concert hasn t has not started yet 2 They haven t gotten to London yet C C 现在完成时的一般疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句 例 1 Has the concert started 2 Have you friend your homework D D 现在完成时的特殊疑问句 分两种情况现在完成时的特殊疑问句 分两种情况 a a 疑问句词作主语时疑问句词作主语时 句型 疑问句 主语 句型 疑问句 主语 have has have has 过去分词过去分词 例 1 Who has have bought these apples 2 Who has made her so sad B B 疑问词作主语以外的成分时疑问词作主语以外的成分时 句型 疑问词句型 疑问词 have has have has 主语主语 过去分词过去分词 例 1 How long have you live here 2 How many times have you been to Spain 二 现在完成时的用法二 现在完成时的用法 1 1 概述 概述 用法用法意义意义 继续表示从过去继续到现在的动作或状态 经验表示过去某一是可到现在的经验 完成表示现在刚完成的动作 形式形式 have hashave has 过去分词过去分词 成果表示现在是 做了 的结果 例 1 继续 He has been sick since last week 2 经验 I have visited Tokyo twice Have you ever been to Hawaii 3 完成 I have just finished my homework Has he finished his work yet 4 结果 My father has become a lawyer I have lost my dictionary 下面分别阐述其用法 2 2 表示继续的现在完成时 表示继续的现在完成时 例 1 肯定句 Li Ming s elder brother has studied in Beijing university for about three years 2 否定句 We haven t seen each other all this month 3 疑问句 How long have you know your boy friend A A 基本用法基本用法 表示继续意义的现在完成时 说明过去的动作一直延续到现在 也就是说从过去某时开始 的动作 状态一直持续到现在 此时 往往用和现在有关的表示一段时间的时间状语 例 1 I began to study English three years ago 过去试 2 I still study English now 现在式 3 I have studied English since three years ago 图示 现在时 牢记 表继续的动词牢记 表继续的动词 have known 已经认识了 have studied 已经学习了 have worked have been to have used have taught have stayed have wanted to have lived B B 常用的时间状语常用的时间状语 表示继续的现在完成时 常和下列时间状语连用表示继续的现在完成时 常和下列时间状语连用 for for 时间时间 since since 过去某时过去某时 allall thisthis weekweek oftenoften todaytoday recentlyrecently allall dayday upup toto nownow 直到现在直到现在 soso farfar 到目前为止到目前为止 latelylately alwaysalways till untiltill until nownow inin thethe pastpast yearsyears thesethese daysdays thisthis weekweek duringduring thethe pastpast yearsyears monthmonth 3 3 表示经验的现在完成时 表示经验的现在完成时 例 1 肯定句 I have seen the film three times 2 否定句 I ve never seen the film 3 疑问句 Have you ever been to U K A A 基本用法基本用法 表示经验的现在完成时 说明从过去起到现在的经验 即从过去到现在之间曾经经历 过或做过的事情 B B 常用的时间状语常用的时间状语 Often Often ever ever before before never never once once twice twice times times manymany timestimes 过去某时 阿 现在完成时 Have 过去分词 C C have hashave has beenbeen 的用法的用法 形式形式意义意义用法用法 表示 曾经去过 经验 Have has been to 表示 到 去过了 完成 表示 曾在 经验 Have has been in 表示 一直在 继续 例 a a havehave beenbeen toto I have been to the summer palace twice 经验 I have been to the museum to see the exhibition 完成 b b havehave beenbeen inin Have you ever been in America 经验 We have been in home for the whole day 继续 插曲 be 动词的过去分词 Be 动词的过去分词不管主语的人称和数都要用 been 表示 例 We have been tired these days 区别 I am happy 一般现在时 I was happy 一般过去时 I have been happy 现在完成时 4 4 表示完成 结果的现在完成时 表示完成 结果的现在完成时 例 1 My father has just gone out 结果 2 I have closed the window 完成 3 Mr Li has gone to Australia 结果 A A 表示完成的用法表示完成的用法 I ve just finished my homework They have gone to GuiLin B B 表示结果的用法表示结果的用法 例 1 1 I opened the door 2 The door is open now 3 I have opened the door 例 2 1 John bought a dictionary 2 Now John has a new dictionary 3 John has bought a new dictionary 牢记 表结果的现在完成时常见动词 牢记 表结果的现在完成时常见动词 makemake becomebecome gogo comecome loselose growgrow sellsell buybuy fallfall C C 常见的时间状语 副词 常见的时间状语 副词 already just yet 句末 句中 三 现在完成时的注意事项三 现在完成时的注意事项 1 just now 和 just 的区别 just now 用在一般过去时 just 用在现在完成时 例 1 We had an English lesson just now 2 We have just had an English lesson 2 today 等时间状语的运用 运用 today this morning this afternoon 等时间状语时 时态要根据说话的具体 情况而定 例 1 He didn t do his homework this afternoon 他今天下午没有做功课 He hasn t done his homework this afternoon 他今天下午还没有做功课呢 2 He arrived here a little late today because he got up late and didn t catch the bus 3 He has been very busy today 截至到说话时 仍是在今天 他们很忙 3 几种时态表示同一意思 例 1 He left china two years ago 2 It is two years since he left china 3 He has away from china for 2 years 四 现在完成进行时 区别 现在完成时侧重于动作的结速或完成 而现在完成进行时侧重于动作的未结束和继 续进行 例 1 I have opened the can 2 I have been writing the letter since then 1 现在完成进行时的形式 1 主动语态 主语 have has 现在分词 doing 2 被动语态 主语 have has been 过去分词 done 例 Have you been waiting for him all the day 2 用法 a 在强调动作还未结束 还要继续下去时 不能用现在完成时 而要用现在完成进行时 例 I ve been writing the composition for two hours but I haven t finished it yet b 动作不包含持续意思的动词 要用现在完成进行时 表示延续到现在的动作 例 The artist has been painting the painting c 现在完成进行时也用来表示一种在现在以前这个阶段反复发生的事 例 He has promsing me to help you Hasn t he done it d 有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时 但可用于现在完成时 1 表状态的动词 be have exist 2 表感情的动词 like love hate de