【金桥中心】上海市川沙中学2017年高二第二学期期中考试试卷(新世纪)

上海市川沙中学高二第二学期期中考试（2017.4）II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A dog is mans best friend, the old saying tells us-and, indeed, new research shows that when it comes to fulfilling our basic psychological needs, humans benefit from their pets in much the same way they(21)_from their friends. Researchers from Miami University and Saint Louis University set out to test (22) _ a person can really lean on his or her pets to fulfill ones social needs-that is, (23) _(feel) connected and in control of ones life, The research team conducted three separate but related studies. In the first study, the researchers simply quizzed groups of pet owners and non-owners about their personalities. They found that on average pet owners were (24) _ lonely and had higher self-esteem. In the second study, the researchers took a closer look at dog owners in particular. They found that dogs did help their owners to meet social needs, and feel better about life. Fulfillment from pets was beneficial no matter (25)_ _ support the owners were already getting from other people. Friends and family are not a substitute (26) _ pets. Finally, in the third studies a group of college students(27)_( ask) to think about a time when they had felt socially rejected. The students were then asked (28)_ to write a passage about a best friend, to write about a close pet, or to draw a map of their campus. The students who wrote about their friends or their pets both felt better afterward, (29)_(recover) their sense of se1f-worth and happiness. However, the map-drawing group reminded a little sad. The exciting part for the pet owners is that thinking about a pet helped just as much as thinking about a best friend. Overall, (30)_ it may come as no surprise to pet owners, this pew research shows that people. can derive joy and meaning from their pets even when they already have other friends and family to care about them.21.do 22.whether 23.to feel 24.less lonely 25.how much 26.for 27.were asked 28.either 29.recovering 30.thoughSection B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.responsesB. originallyC.anxietyD.remainsE.involvedF. secureG. recallingH.simplyI. perfectJ. advancedK. apparent We start finding things laughable-or not laughable-early in life. An infant first smiles at about eight days of age. In his book Beyond laughter, psychologist Martin Grotjahn says that the earlier infants begin to smile and laugh, the more_31_ their heir development is. Studies revealed that children who did not develop these _32_developed a schizophrenic psychosis (精神分裂性精神病) in later life, or _33_gave up and died. Between the ages of six months and one year, babies learn to laugh for essentially the same reasons why they will laugh throughout their lives, says Dr. Jacob Levine. He says that people laugh to express mastery over a(n) _34_. Adult laughter is more subtle, but we also laugh at what we used to fear. The feeling of achievement, or lack of it, _35_ a leading factor. Giving a first dinner party is an anxious event for newly-weds. Will the food be good? Will the guests get along? All goes well; the party is over. Now they laugh freely. Their pleasure is from_36_the evenings activities. They couldnt enjoy the second pleasure without the first. Laughter is a social response caused by signals. Scientists have not determined a brain center for laughter, and they are puzzled by patients with certain types of brain damage who go into laughing with no _37_reason. The rest of us require company and a reason to laugh. Another reason why laughter is pleasurable is because of the physical feeling_38_. According to Dr. Levine, we can measure our adjustment to the world by our capacity to laugh. When we are _39_ about our abilities, we can make fun of our weakness. If we can laugh through our anxieties, we will not be overpowered by them. The ability to laugh starts early, but it takes a lifetime to _40_. Says Dr. Levine, “When social relationships are mastered, when individuals have mastered a peaceful relationship with themselves, then they have the sense of humor.” And then they can throw back their heads and laugh.31-35JAHCD 36-40 GKEFIIII. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. There are several reasons why one in three marriages in the US ends in divorce. One is that it is no longer considered_41_. Another is that people are living longer and therefore grow_42_each other. This_43_the biggest rise in the divorce rate among couples married ten years or more. Other reasons include lack of tolerance,_44_about how to spend money and lack of money. Couples with too much money often become_45_independent of each other. The biggest contributing factor, however, is lack of_46_couples cannot talk openly and honestly with each other. Even couples with children dont necessarily have a better chance ofmaking their marriage_47_. In an attempt to reduce the number of divorces some states have set up conciliation (调解) services with social workers and_48_who evaluate court cases court cases and try to get partners to reconcile with(和解，妥协)each other. Many people are wondering if marriage is going _49_. However, although the divorce rate in the US is still high, there has been a recent leveling off, and the prediction is for a slight_50_in the number of divorces in the next few years. This has been attributed to the present economic depression, which makes it_51_for couples to set up separate households. Another reason for_52_is four out of five divorced people remarry, usually within three or five years. _53_many couples who live together finally get married, and a large number of people see marriage as a way of maintaining stability. It_54_seems the institution (制度) of marriage is firmly_55_in American society after all.41. A. shameful B. unnatural C. Foolish D. Surprising42. A. upset about B. tired of C. attached to D. angry with43. A. accounts for B.depends on C.agrees with D. makes up44. A. agreement B. ideas C. arguments D. controversy45. A. financially B. psychologically C. domestically D. physically46. A. faith B. affection C. Trust D. communication47. A. separate B. work C. happen D. resume48. A. scientists B. doctors C. psychologists D. researchers49. A. out of fashion B. out of consideration C. out of question D. out of curiosity50. A. decrease B.uncertainty C. increase D. change51. A. unlikely B. difficult C. easy D. possible52. A. depression B. cheerfulness C. pessimism D. optimism53. A. However B.Therefore C. Nevertheless D. Moreover54. A. otherwise B. however C. therefore D. also55. A. built B. established C. constructed D. Prevented41-45ABACA 46-50 DBCAA 51-55 BADCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. AFour Hotels That Will Make Your Life Easier For the business traveler whos all about efficiency : check out these hotels that Will get you in and out with minimum trouble. When youre pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process.1. Yotel New York The self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York hotel work just like the ones youd see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There is even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you are carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker (say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me, is head to a series of meetings.2. Marriott Detroit Airport Another option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (Ive tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) Here is the basic idea: you download the iphone or Android app. The night before, you can “check-in” virtually. When you arrive, you get an alert that the room is ready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk.3. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis I happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked how fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an airport terminal. The whole process took about three minutes, when I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out. An agent meets you in the lobby with an ipad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line.4. Radisson: LaCrosse The Radisson is trying to make the kiosk process even faster, at a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin, you use a mobile app to register and then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get the kiosk, you scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required. Its super fast. You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well.56.What does the word “infuriate” in paragraph 2 most mean?A. annoy B. remind C. amuse D. impress57.Which two hotels offer a mobile app for customers to check in?A. Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit Airport.B. Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson: LaCrosse.C. Marriott Detroit Airport. and Hyatt Regency Minneapolis.D. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson: LaCrosse.58.Which hotel will send you a receipt by email?A. Yotel New York.B. Marriott Detroit Airport.C. Radisson: LaCrosse.D. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis.56-58 ABDB If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partners pants, she said. Thats the picture I remember best. The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another persons body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another persons body. Using such technology promises to alter peoples behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who dont look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of peoples associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants bias scores were lower. The idea is that once youve put yourself in anothers shoes youre less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms, says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. Its a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone. 59. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that_.Aour feelings are related to our bodily experienceBwe can learn to take control of other peoples bodiesCparticipants will live more passionately after the experimentDThe Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes 60. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, _.Athey fought strongly against racismBthey scored lower on the test for racismCthey changed their behaviour dramaticallyDthey were more biased against those unlike them61. It can be concluded from the passage that_.Atechnology helps people realize their dreamsBour biases could be eliminated through experimentsCvirtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleDour points of view about others need changing constantly59-61 ADC59:推理题：根据文章第三段的最后一句话：Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another persons body.可知从Be another lab的体验可以推断出我们的感觉和身体的经验有关，所以选A60:细节题：根据文章第四段的句子：Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who dont look or sound like them.可知在the Implicit Association test中，在参与者使用虚拟现实的眼镜控制一个深色皮肤的人物之前，他们对不像他们的人物更有偏见，选D61:推理题：根据文章最后一段的句子：At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms, says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project可知虚拟现实帮助促进人们之间的理解，所以选CCIncreasingly, over the past ten years, people- especially young people have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for the health. As a result, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today.Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple words, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amountbut not the qualityof foods grown in commercial farming area.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed move freely in healthy pastures(牧场). Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry：there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins. There are other sides of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually unnecessary food. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals, and no fiber. It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.62. People have become more interested in natural foods because_.Athey are more health consciousBthey want to taste all kinds of foodsCnatural foods are more delicious than processed foodsDthey want to return to nature63. Soil that is rich in organic matter_ .A. has had chemicals and fertilizer added to itB. contains vegetable matter that has not been consumedC. has been nourished by fertilizerD. contains no vitamins or minerals64. The best title for the passage is“_”.A.Peoples Growing Interest in Natural FoodsB. Natural Fo