名词性从句讲解与练习PPT课件

英语句子概论 英语句子的种类 简单句 simplesentence 并列句 compoundsentence 复合句 complexsentence 简单句的五种基本句型 Theweatherisverycold 主语 谓语 连系动词 表语Helaughed 主语 谓语 vi IlikeChinesefood 主语 谓语 vt 宾语Shetaughtthemphysics 主语 谓语 vt 间接宾语 直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm 主语 谓语 vt 宾语 宾语补足语 并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来 IturnedontheTV MysisterandIwatchedit IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit Iboughtmysisterapresent Shedidn tlikeit Iboughtmysisterapresent butshedidn tlikeit 并列句 并列句 常用并列连词 平行并列连词 转折并列连词 因果并列连词 选择并列连词 and both and notonly butalso neither nor but however while yet or either or for so 复合句 主句 从句 名词性从句定语从句状语从句 主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句 NounClause 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语等 主语 Hisjobisimportant Whathedoesisimportant 表语 Thisishisjob Thisiswhathedoeseveryday 宾语 Idon tlikehisjob Idon tlikewhathedoeseveryday 同位语 Idon tknowabouttheman Mr White Idon tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher Practicetime 指出下列各名词性从句的种类 1 Atlunchtime theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon 2 Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning 3 Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar 4 Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat 5 Whenwewillstartisnotclear 6 Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend 宾语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 同位语从句 ObjectClauses宾语从句 Iknowhim 2 Iknowwhoheis 主语 谓语 宾语 简单句 主语 谓语 宾语从句 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主句 复合句 句子做宾语就是宾语从句 跟在及物动词或介词后 句子结构 主句 连词 引导词 宾语从句 宾语从句的注意事项 句子类型 that 陈述句 一般疑问句 if whether 是否 特殊疑问词 特殊疑问句 一 连词 引导词 1 当宾语从句是陈述句时 包括肯定句和否定句 连词由that引导 因为that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 LinTaofeels that hisownteamisevenbetter Shesays that shewon ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday Jimthought that thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty 宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略 1 当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时 第二个that不能省 2 当that从句作介词宾语时 that不可省掉 3 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud 在主句为动词be加某些形容词 如sorry sure afraid glad等 作表语时 后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句 I msorry that Idon tknow We resure that ourteamwillwin I mafraid that hewon tpasstheexam 2 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时 由连词whether或if引导 是否 不能省略 Lilywantedtoknowif whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag Let sseeif whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity Sheaskedmeif whethershecouldborrowthesebooks 1 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a 当有ornot时就用whether 不用if Idon tknowwhetherornotIwillstay b 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling 注意whether和if的使用区别 Practicetime if whether1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 We reworriedabout heissafe 3 Idon tknow heiswellornot 4 Idon tknow ornotheiswell 5 Idon tknow Ishouldgo if whether whether whether whether whether if togo whether 3 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时 由疑问词 what who whom which whosewhen where how why等 引导 因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分 具有一定的意义 所以不可以省略 Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow Idon trememberwhenwearrived IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney Pleasetellmewho whomwehavetosee Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves 二 时态1 如果主句是现在的时态 包括一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 包括一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在完成时等 Iknowheliveshere Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow 2 如果主句是过去的时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 Iknewwholivedhere Isawshewastalkingwithhermother Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow Hesaidthathehadseenit 3 当从句是客观真理 定义 公理 定理时用一般现在时 Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun 三 语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序 连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 Idon tknowwhatisthematter thetrouble wrongwithhim 1 Whenwillhegotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary 2 Whatdoeshewanttobuy Idon tknowwhathewantstobuy Idon tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy 1 Theyoungmanasked it ssummerorwinter A eitherB thatC weatherD whether2 Wedon tknow theydidit A howB whoC whatD which3 Theteacherasksus Jimcancomebackontime A thatB ifC whenD whattime4 Doesanybodyknow wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot A ifB whereC whetherD that D A B C 5 Couldyoushowme A howcanIgettothestationB whereisthestationC howIcouldgettothestationD howIcanreachthestation6 Pleasetellme A whatdoeshelikeB whathedoeslikeC whathelikesD whathelike7 Mysistertoldhim A whatdaywasitB whenthetrainarrivedC whoshewaswaitingD wheredidyoulive C B D 8 Someoneisringingthedoorbell Goandsee A whoisheB whoheisC whoisitD whoitis9 Couldyoutellmehowlong A youhaveboughtthewatchB youhavekeptthissciencebookC haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10 Hesaysthatifit tomorrow he fishing A willrain won tgoB rained wasn tgoC rains won tgoD rain willgo B C D PredicativeClauses表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 放在系动词之后 一般结构是 主语 系动词 表语从句 可以接表语从句的系动词有be look remain seem 连接词 that whether asif asthough if不引导表语从句 who whom whose which whatwhen where why how because Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim That sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry That swhyIwaslate 注意 在表语从句中 表 是否 时 只能用 whether 不能用 if 一般情况下 that 不能省 Itis wasbecause Itis waswhy 3 Thereason why for is wasthat 4Thereasonisbecause why that 1 That s thePartycalledonustodo A whyB whatC howD that2 Thereasonis heisunabletooperatethemachine A becauseB whyC thatD Whether3 Thatis theyseparated A thatB whatC whichD where4 Janeisnolonger shewasfouryearsago A whatB whichC thatD when SubjectClauses主语从句 主语从句 从句在句中充当主语成分 1 Thathewillsucceediscertain 2 Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown 3 Whathesaidisnottrue 4 Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout 5 Whoevercomesiswelcome 6 It scertainthathewillsucceed 7 Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting 8 Whenthey llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet 一 由that引导that无意义 后接一个完整的句子 that不可省 1 Thatweshallbelateiscertain 2 isknowntoall 地球是圆的 3 isapity 你错过了这次机会 Thattheearthisround Thatyoumissedthechance 二whether if 不能引导主语从句三 疑问词 引导词 注意一 主语从句后置 为了避免主语冗长 句子头重脚轻 经常用it作形式主语 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语 Thatweshallbelateiscertain It scertainthatweshallbelate 1 Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall 2 Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity 由连词whether 连接代词what who which和连接副词when where why how等引导 也常常后置 Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance It sknowntoallthattheearthisround It的用法 形式主语 It possible important necessary clear that 很可能 重要的是 必要的是 很清楚 It ssaid reported that 据说 据报道 It sbeenannounced declaredthat 已经通知 宣布 Itseems appears happens that 显然 明显 碰巧 It snowonderthat 并不奇怪 无疑 It sapity afact acommonknowledge 众所周知 acommonsaying 俗话说 注意二注意 主语从句中 谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句 可根据表语决定Whatheneeds is thatbook Whatheneeds are somebooks what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 而that则不然 它在句子中只起连接作用 例如 1 Whatyousaidyesterdayisright 2 Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle 注意三 What与that引导主语从句 hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue A ThatB WhyC WhatD How 2 we llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere 3 isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry theFirstWorld Which belongtob As belongedtoc What belongingtod It belongingto 4 It sknowntousall aformofenergy A waterisB thatwaterisC iswaterD thatwaterto5 Itworriedherabit herhairwasturninggray A whetherB thatC whatD when6 WhatIsayandthink noneofyourbusiness A isB areC hasDhave 同位语从句1 跟在某些名词后面 对该名词作进一步解释说明 常用名词有belief fact idea hope news doubt result thought information opinion等 Suggestion suggestorderdemandwish等2 常用连词 that when where why how e g 1 消息传来 拿破仑要来视察他的军队 2 问题是他如何做这件事的 WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy It sthequestionhowhedidit 注意 1 同位语从句多用that引导 无意义不可省 2 在havenoidea之后常用wh 引导同位语从句 Ihavenoideawherehehasgone Ihavenoideawhenhedidit Ihavenoideawhathedid 1 TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot 2 TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree dayvisitinChina Weheardthenewslastnight Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree dayvisitinChina 4 Timetravelispossible Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea 5 Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 3 Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline ManyBritishparentsholdtheview ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn tspendtoomuchtimeonline Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 比较 1 Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected 我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望 2 WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain 我们希望他们再来中国访问 定语从句 同位语从句 区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句 引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分 而在定语从句中 that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明 而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰 解释为 的 连词that在同位语从句中不可省略 而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略 Practice 判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句 1 TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain 2 ThehopethatsheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain 3 Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall 4 Ican tstandtheterriblenoisethatsheiscryingloudly 同位语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 1 madetheschoolproudwas morethan90 ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities AWhat becauseBWhat thatCThat whatDThat because2 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons AWhat whyBThat whatCWhat becauseDWhy that B A B 3 Heisabsentfromschool Itis heisseriouslyill A whyB becauseC thatD thereason 4 hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5 Informationhasbeenputforward moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities AthatBhowCwhereDwhat D A 6 IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek Isthat youhadafewdaysoff AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7 Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday sgame Oh that s AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited A A fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10 Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview pleaserememberthegoldenrule Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly hewants AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11 Wemadethesuggestionthathe hiswork AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinued B A B 12 Therewillbeaspecialpricefor buysthingsinlargenumberhere A whoB whomC whoeverD Whomever13 Marywroteanarticleon theteamhadfailedtowinthegame whyB whatC whoD that 05 14 Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept helphecanget 05 A whicheverB howeverC whateverD whenever 14 Manynewspaperprintedthegovernor sstatement wouldsupportataxcut andheB wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15 manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun WhichB HowC WhatD That16 Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants A HoweverB whateverC whicheverD whenever 1 Canyoumakesure thegoldrings A whereshehadputB wherehadsheputC whereshehasputD wherehassheput 2 Thereasonthathasbeensuchasuccess henevergivesup A isB isbecauseC isthatD iswhat 3 breaksthelawshouldbepunished AWhoeverb Nomatterwhoc anyone d who 4 Thatis Ihadtotaketheriskofbeingwashedaway A whyB reasonwhyC howD what5 Do youthinkisright difficultiesyoumayhave A what howeverB that whateverC whatever whoeverD what whatever6 Theworkersconsidereditimportant thebosswo