限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别 一 在句中作用不同一 在句中作用不同 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用 使该词的含义更具体 更明确 限制性定语从句不能被省略 否则句意就不完整 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切 只是对其作一些附加说明 不起限定制约 作用 如果将非限制性定语从句省去 主句的意义仍然完整 二 外在表现形式不同二 外在表现形式不同 限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切 所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开 而非限制 性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切 所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开 例 1 This is the place where he used to live 例 2 Mr Zhang who came to see me yesterday is an old friend of mine 在例 1 中 定语从句与先行词关系密切 为限制性定语从句 不可用逗号将其与主句隔 开 在例 2 中 定语从句与先行词关系不密切 为非限制性定语从句 可用逗号将其与 主句隔开 三 先行词内容有所不同三 先行词内容有所不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语 而特殊情况下非 限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句 此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导 例 1 A middle aged woman killed her husband which frightened me very much 由语境可知 令 我 恐惧的内容应为 中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫 这整个一件事 因此 先行词为整个主句 此时应由 which 引导定语从句 例 2 A five year old boy can speak two foreign languages which surprises all the people present 由语境可知 令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是 一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语 这整个一 件事 因此先行词为整个主句 此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句 四 关系词的使用情况有所不同四 关系词的使用情况有所不同 一 that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句 大多数关系代词和关系副词可引 导非限制性定语从句 但 that 不可 例如 他没通过这次考试 令我很失望 误 He didn t pass the exam that disappointed me 正 He didn t pass the exam which disappointed me 值得注意的是 不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句 这个观点是不 正确的 使用非限制性定语从句时 如果先行词指人 则用 who whom 或 whose 引 导非限制性定语从句 先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句 先行词表时间或 地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时 可用 when where 引导非限制性定语从句 例 1 We ll graduate in July when we will be free 例 2 Last Sunday they reached Nanjing where a conference was to be held 二 关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom 但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替 例 1 This is the girl whom I met in the street 先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语 可用 who 代替 whom 例 2 A young man had a new girl friend whom he wanted to impress 先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语 不可用 who 代替 whom 在限制性定语从句中 先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who whom 但在非限制性定语从 句中先行词指人时 不可用 that 代替 who whom 例 她有一个姐姐 她是教师 误 She has a sister that is a teacher 正 She has a sister who is teacher 三 关系代词省略情况不同 三 关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去 非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均 不可省 例 1 This is the book which that he lost yesterday 先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语 关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略 例 2 The book which he lost yesterday has been found 先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语 关系代词 which 不可省 四 四 as 引导定语从句时的用法引导定语从句时的用法 as 引导限制性定语从句通常用于 the same as such as 结构中 e g I want the same shirt as my friend s Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的 as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前 也可放在主句之后 用来修饰整个句子 通常用下列句型 as is known to all as is said as is reported as is announced as we all know as I expect 等 e g As I expected he got the first place again in this mid term examination 3 as 引导非限制性定语从句时与 which 的区别 当主句和从句语义一致时 用 as 反之 用 which 来引导非限制性定语从句 e g He made a long speech as we expected He made a long speech which was unexpected 当非限制定语从句为否定时 常用 which 引导 e g Tom drinks a lot every day which his wife doesn t like at all 2 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词 中间由一个定语 状语或谓语隔开 这种定语从句 叫做分隔性定语从句 e g There is an expression in his eyes that I can t understand 4 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用 介词 which 来代替 e g October 1 1949 was the day on which when the People s Republic of China was founded 5 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时 短语动词的各个固定部分 不要拆开 e g The sick man whom she is looking after is her father 6 介词在关系代词前 只能用 which 和 whom 且不能省略 介词在句尾 关系代词可以 省略 一 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句 一 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句 1 The fan is on the desk You want it 2 The man is in the next room He brought our textbooks here yesterday 3 The magazine is mine He has taken it away 4 The students will not pass the exam They don t study hard 5 The woman is our geography teacher You saw her in the park 6 The letter is from my sister I received it yesterday 7 The play was wonderful We saw it last night 8 The train was late It was going to Nanning 9 The boy is my brother He was here a minute ago 10 The tree is quite tall He is climbing it 11 Here is the girl Her brother works in this shop 12 That s the child We were looking at his drawing just now 13 This is the boy His sister is a famous singer 14 I want to talk to the boys Their homework haven t been handed in 15 Is that the woman Her daughter is in my class 16 He used to live in a big house In front of it grew many banana trees 17 They passed a factory At the back of the factory there were rice fields 18 The soldier ran to the building On the top of it flew a flag 19 In the evening they arrived at a hill At the foot of the hill there was a temple 20 She came into a big room In the middle of it stood a large table 二 根据句子意思 用介词 关系代词二 根据句子意思 用介词 关系代词 whom 或或 which 完成下列句子完成下列句子 1 The person I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about 2 The pencil he was writing broke 3 Wu Dong I went to the concert enjoyed it very much 4 The two things Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English 5 Her bag she put all her books has not been found 6 The stories about the Long March this is one example are well written 一 限制性 非限制性定语从句的区别 1 作用不同 限制性定语从句在意义上与先行词关系密切 不可缺少的定语 去掉主句意思不完整或失去意义 非限制性和主句的关系不十分密切 只是对先行词作附加的说明 去掉主句意 思仍然清楚 His brother who lives in London will go to America next week 他住在伦敦的哥哥 可能还有别的 His brother who lives in London will go to America next week 只有一个哥哥 2 形式不同 限无逗号 非限用逗号隔开 3 先行词 限制 一般 noun pron 非限 专有 noun 或受物主 指示代词修饰的 noun 或句子 4 关系词不同 that why 不能引导非限 非限 that which why for which I have told him them the reason for which I didn t attend the meeting Her son is very smart which makes her happy 5 关系词替代情况不同 1 限制 whom 作宾语时可用 who 替代 whom 非限 whom 作宾语时不能用 who 替代 whom Prep whom who This is the boy whom who I met at the theatre A young man had a new girlfriend whom he wanted to impress 2 限制 指人 that who whom 非限 指人 who whom 6 关系代词省略情况不同 限制 关系代词作宾语时可省略 prep 后不可 非限 所有关系词不可省略 二 as 和 which 的选择 非限中 Same 都可以指代整个句子的内容 非限定语从句位于句末且 as 或 which 作 主语 宾语或表语时 常可互换 He married her as which was natural He is an old kind fisherman as which anybody can see 宾语 Different 1 如非限定语从句位于主句之前 只能用 as As is known to everybody the moon travels around the earth once every month Edison as is known to all invented the electric lamp 2 as 在从句中作主语 后面常 行为 v 的被动式 Which 在从句中作主语 后面常 行为 v 的主动式 A big earthquke occurred in Sichuan last night as was reported on TV He passed the exam which made his parents happy 3 as 引导的从句在意义上不可与主句相悖 而 which 引导的不受此限制 Chang e 1 has been launched successfully as was expected The result of the experiment was very good which we hadn t expected 4 as 常用在一些固定结构中 As we know as is known to all as we all can see As is often the case 情况常常是这样 As might be imagined 可以想象得到 As might be expected 正如所预料的那样 As has been pointed out 正如所指出的那样 As has been said before above 正如前文所述 As it often happens 像往常一样 She has been absent again as it often happens 5 当 which 在从句中指代的是先行词本身 一个先行词 而不是主句时 不 可用 as 代替 which The dog which we saw in the street yeaterday is Mary s 四 exerci