初中英语语法-15个专题汇总(带习题和答案)

精品文档 1欢迎下载 第 1 页 共 114 页 目录目录 专题一 名词 1 专题二 数词 冠词 7 专题三 介词 连词 14 专题四 代词 21 专题五 形容词 副 词 30 专题六 动词的分类 39 专题七 情态动词 系动词 46 专题八 动词时态 53 专题九 被动语态 59 专题十 非谓语动词 66 专题十一 简单句 并列句 76 专题十二 祈使句 感叹句 84 专题一三 宾语从句 90 专题一四 定语从句 98 专题一五 状语从句 105 专题一专题一 名词名词 1 名词的数 1 概述 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词 2 可数名词及其单复数 可数名词有单复数变化 其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰 还可 用 many few a few some any plenty of lots of a number of 等修饰 构成名 词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种 1 复数的规则构成法 绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾 s 或 es 构成 的 具体规则如下图 规则 例词 一般情况下加 s apple apples ruler rulers 以 s x ch sh 结尾的加 es bus buses box boxes watch watches brush brushes 精品文档 2欢迎下载 第 2 页 共 114 页 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的 把 y 变成 i 再加 es city cities county countries 以 f 或 fe 结尾的 把 f 或 fe 变成 v 再加 es knife knives leaf leaves 以 o 结尾的 有的词尾加 es 有的加 s在初中英语范围内加 es 的主要有以下 4 个 tomato tomatoes potato potatoes Hero heroes Negro Negroes 2 复数的不规则构成法 a 单复同形的 Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese deer deer sheep sheep fish fish 表示鱼的数量 b 熟记下列词的复数变化 man men woman women policeman policemen foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice child children c 以 man woman 做定语构成的复合名词 变复数时要全变 a man teacher two men teachers 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变 a girl student two girl students 3 不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数 如 water meat air 等 在表示数量时 通常用 以下方法 1 用 some much a little little a lot of lots of plenty of 等表示多少 There is little milk at home The old man has lots of money 2 若要表示不可数名词的数量 应用 数词 量词 of 名词 这种形式 若数字超过一 量词 应用复数形式 如 a glass of water two glasses of water a piece of bread two pieces of bread 2 专有名词 专有名词是表示特定的人 事物 地点等 如 Tom China the United Kingdom 专有名词的第一个字母一般大写 大部分专有名词前一般不用冠词 3 名词的所有格 1 概述 名词的所有格在句中是表示所有关系 作定语 2 名词所有格的构成 名词所有格包括 s 所有格和 of 所有格两种形式 无生命的名词 的所有格通常用 of 短语来表示所有关系 如 the name of the school the window of the house 等 s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西和表示时间 距离 国家等的名词 后 构成方法如下 1 一般直接在名词后加 s 如 Jim s book 2 复数名词的所有格 若以 s es 结尾只加撇号 不以 s es 结尾仍加 s 如 Children s Day the teachers office 精品文档 3欢迎下载 第 3 页 共 114 页 3 and 连接的并列名词的所有格 表示两人 共有 只在后一个名词尾加 s 表示 各自拥有 两个名词尾都要加 s 如 Jim and Lucy s book 共有 Jane s and Tom s books 不共有 4 表示店铺或某人的家等处所时 常在名词的所有格后省去 shop house home 等 如 the barber s at my uncle s 5 表示时间 距离 国家 城市的无生命名词 可以在词尾加 s 或 表示所有格 如 today s newspaper five minutes walk 3 双重所有格 1 名词双重所有格的含义 of 名词所有格称为双重所有格 这种结构中 of 前面是一部 分 of 后面是一个整体 例如 Mr Wang is a friend of my father s Mr Wang is one of my father s friends 王先生 是我父亲的一个朋友 2 名词双重所有格的构成方法 a of 前面的名词前面通常有一个含泛指意义的限定词 如 a any some no few several 以及 two three 等 例如 Have you read any stories of Lei Feng s 你看过雷锋的故事吗 They gave me some books of theirs 他们把他们的一些书给了我 Three classmates of my sister s have found good jobs 我姐姐的三个同学已经找 到了好工作 b 有时 of 前面的名词前面可以用指示代词 this that 表示某种感情色彩 例如 That answer of Jim s was right 吉姆的那个回答是对的 Something is wrong with this eye of mine 我的这只眼睛出了毛病 c of 后面带有 s 的名词或名词性物主代词通常是特指的人 例如 That s a book of Lu Xun s 这是鲁迅的一本书 This is a child of theirs 那是他们的一个孩子 3 名词的双重所有格与 of 名词 结构之间的区别 a 句子所表达的侧重点不同 试比较 He is a friend of my father s 着重说明 父亲 的朋友不止一个 He is a friend of my father 着重说明 他 是父亲的一个朋友 b of 前面是 picture 等词时 含义不同 试比较 This is a picture of my teacher s 这是我老师收藏的一张照片 This is a picture of my teacher 这是我老师的一张照片 实战演练实战演练 2 50 2 50 1 June 1st is Day all over the world 精品文档 4欢迎下载 第 4 页 共 114 页 A Child s B Children s C Childrens 2 September 10th is Day in China A Teacher s B Teachers C Teacher 3 This is news A such a good B a very good C such good 4 What it is Let s go out to have a picnic A a fine weather B fine day C a fine day 5 Tom and I go to school every day A on feet B on foot C by foot 6 Are those No they aren t They re A sheep cows B sheep cow C sheeps cow 7 A group of are talking with two over there A Frenchmen Germans B Frenchmen Germen C German Frenchmen 8 That doctor drank two A glass of water B glasses of waters C cups of tea 9 Mrs Smith is an old friend of A Bob mother B Bob s mother s C mother of Bob 10 The tall man with a big nose is classmate A Tom and Carl B Tom s and Carl s C Tom and Carl s 11 In time there will be more tall buildings in our city A few year B a few years C a few year s 12 How many do you want every month A milk B water C apples 精品文档 5欢迎下载 第 5 页 共 114 页 13 Whose is this new bicycle It s A Sue and Jim s B Sue and Jim C Sue s and Jim s 14 Would you like tea No thanks I ve drunk two A any bottles of orange B a little bottle of oranges C some bottles of orange 15 How many do you want Two please A kilos of egg B kilo of eggs C kilos of eggs 16 The bus stop is two from our house A hour s drive B hours drive C hour drive 17 Where are you going Amy A To my uncle B To my uncle s C At my uncle 18 Have you read A a newspaper of today s B today newspaper C today s newspaper 19 Lucy put a lot of in of tea A sugar the two cup B sugars the two cups C sugar the two cups 20 Tomatoes broccoli and are vegetables A bananas B potatoes C noodles 21 Help yourself to some Thank you I really like them A fish B orange C cakes 22 The little baby has two already A tooth B a tooth C teeth 精品文档 6欢迎下载 第 6 页 共 114 页 23 We all had last month Did you travel to anywhere A three days holiday B three day s holiday C three days holiday 24 When autumn comes of most trees turn yellow and then fall down A leaf B leave C leaves 25 Tomorrow I m going to my It s a A aunt five minutes walk B aunt s five minute s walk C aunt s five minutes walk 26 A computer is one of the greatest in this century A inventors B inventions C invitations 27 We haven t homework to do today A many B some C much 28 Three hours enough for a boy to read books A is ten year old B are ten year old C is ten years old 29 that pair of new nice A Is shoe B Are shoes C Is shoes 30 Mary I ve bought many Now let s make the birthday cake A fresh eggs B chocolate milk C food 31 The two are my A woman doctors friends B women doctors friends C women doctors friend 32 These are houses A Lee and my uncle B the Lee s and my uncle s C theLees and my uncle 33 We are They are A Chinese Germen B Chinese German 精品文档 7欢迎下载 第 7 页 共 114 页 C Chinese Germans 34 There a pencil and two books on the desk A has B is C are 35 A number of students for the school bus now A is waiting B are waiting C waits 36 The number of students in the class large A are B has C is 37 A is used for keeping warm A stamp B scarf C key 38 There is no in the bus so we have to wait for another bus A room B a room C rooms 39 This is a photo of when they were young OK how happy they both looked A my father and mother B my mother and father s C my mother s and father s 40 The new student is in Grade Two A Class Third B Third Class C Class Three 41 What would you like to drink girls please A Two cup of coffee B Two cups of coffee C Two coffee 42 During Christmas people get together and sing Christmas songs for A fun B wishes C interest 43 They are those bags Please put them on the bus A visitor B visitor s C visitors 44 How many students are there in your school There are two A hundreds B hundred C hundreds of 45 What do you think of the the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven It sounds really wonderful A subject B music C book 46 There is not enough in the corner for the TV A place B room C field 47 If you don t take more you ll get fat A medicine B lessons C exercise 48 My school is about twenty walk from here A minute B minutes C minutes 49 Mum I have to tell you A a good news B some good news C many good news 精品文档 8欢迎下载 第 8 页 共 114 页 50 Maths not easy to learn A are B is C am 专题二专题二 数词 冠词数词 冠词 一 数词 1 数词概述 表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词 其用法相当于名词或者形容词 2 数词的种类 可以分为两种 基数词 表示数目多少的数词 序数词 表示先后顺序的数 词 3 基数词的写法和用法 1 1 12 的基数词是独立的单词 即 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve 2 13 19 的基数词以 teen 结尾 如 14 fourteen 但 13 15 18 较特殊 13 thirteen 15 fifteen 18 eighteen 3 20 90 的整十位均以 ty 结尾 如 60 sixty 但 20 30 40 50 80 较特殊 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 80 eighty 4 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号 如 28 twenty eight 96 ninety six 5 百位和十位 若无十位则和个位 之间加 and 如 148 one hundred and forty eight 406 four hundred and six 6 hundred 百 thousand 千 million 百万 billion 十亿 等前面即使有具体 的数词 也不能在它们的后面加 s 7 百 hundred 千 thousand 百万 million 等词与介词 of 连用的时侯 用复数形式 表 不确定数目 其前面不可与数字连用 8 表示 几十 的数词 复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代 如 He is in his forties 他四十多岁 This took place in the 1930s 这事发生在二十世纪三十年代 9 基数词可与其他词构成形容词 参考答案 1 5 BBCCB 6 10 AACBC 11 15 BCACC 16 20 BBCCB 21 25 CCACC 26 30 BCACA 31 35 CBCBB 36 40 CBAAC 41 45 BBCBB 46 50 BCBBB 精品文档 9欢迎下载 第 9 页 共 114 页 如 Can you say something about your two month holiday two 和 month 之间有连字 符时 month 用单数 4 序数词的写法和用法 1 基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记 一 二 三 特殊记 八去 t 九去 e ve 要 用 f 替 见 y 变成 i 和 e 词尾加上 th 若是遇到几十几 只变个位就可以 变法如下 first second third eight eighth nine ninth five fifth twelve twelfth twenty twentieth forty fortieth twenty five twenty fifth 其余情况均在基数词后加 th 如 six sixth nineteen nineteenth hundred hundredth thousand thousandth 等 2 序数词前常用定冠词 the 表 顺序 但如果序数词不表示顺序 而表示 又一个 另一 个 时 则不能用 the 要用 a 如 Try it a second time 再试一下 5 序数词表示 名次 时 不用定冠词 He was first 他得了第一名 Who was first Who was second 谁是第一名 谁是第二名 注意 1 分数的读法 分子必须用基数词 分母用序数词 分子如果大于 1 分母须用复数形式 先 读分子 再读分母 分子为 one 时可换用 a 如 In our class about a third can speak English well Two thirds 三分之二 2 1 2 读作 a 或 one half 而不是 a second 一秒钟 1 4 既可读作 a 或 one quarter 又 可读作 a 或 one fourth 3 4 Three quarters 3 小数的读法 小数点的前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同 小数点读作 point 小 数点后只须将数字一一读出 15 67 读作 fifteen point six seven 4 百分数的读法 先读基数词 再读百分号 读作 percent 5 读作 five percent 5 年代的读法为 两位 两位 地读 整百的后读 hundred 整千的后读 thousand 前常加 the year 如 1937 读作 nineteen thirty seven 或 nineteen hundred and thirty seven 2000 年 读作 the year two thousand December the first nineteen ninety four 一九九四年十二月一日 二 冠词 1 冠词概述 冠词是虚词 本身不能单独使用 也没有词义 它用在名词的前面 帮助指明 精品文档 10欢迎下载 第 10 页 共 114 页 名词的含义 2 冠词的种类 英语中的冠词有三种 一种是定冠词 另一种是不定冠词 还有一种是零冠 词 3 不定冠词的用法 不定冠词 a an 与数词 one 同源 是 一个 的意思 a 用于辅音音素前 一般读作 e 而 an 则用于元音音素前 一般读做 en 1 表示 一个 意为 one 2 代表一类人或物 A knife is a tool for cutting with Mr Smith is a doctor 3 词组或成语 a little a few a lot a type of a great many many a in a hurry in a minute in a word in a short while after a while have a cold have a try keep an eye on 4 定冠词的用法 定冠词 the 与指示代词 this that 同源 有 那 这 个 的意思 但较弱 可以和一个名词 连用 来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西 它有以下意义 1 特指双方都明白的人或物 定冠词 the 与指示代词 this that 同源 有 那 这 个 的意 思 但较弱 可以和一个名词连用 来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西 1 特指双方都明白的人或物 Take the umbrella 带上伞 2 上文提到过的人或事 He bought a book I ve read the book 他买了一本书 我看过那本书 3 指世上独一物二的事物 the sun the sky the moon the earth 4 单数名词连用表示一类事物 如 the dollar 美元 the fox 狐狸 或与形容词或分词连 用 表示一类人 the rich 富人 the living 活着的人 5 用在序数词和形容词最高级 及形容词 only very same 等前面 Where do you live I live on the second floor 你住在哪 我住在二层 That s the very thing I ve been looking for 那正是我要找的东西 6 用在表示身体部位的名词前 She caught me by the hand 她抓住了我手 7 用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称 机关团体 阶级 等专有名词前 the People s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 8 用在表示乐器的名词之前 She plays the piano 她会弹钢琴 9 用在姓氏的复数名词之前 表示一家人 the Greens 格林一家人 或格林夫妇 10 用在惯用语中 in the day in the morning afternoon evening the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday the next morning in the sky water field country in the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle of in the end by the way go to the theatre 5 零冠词的用法 1 国名 人名前通常不用冠词 England Mary 精品文档 11欢迎下载 第 11 页 共 114 页 2 泛指的复数名词 表示一类人或事物时 可不用定冠词 They are teachers 3 抽象名词表示一般概念时 通常不加冠词 Failure is the mother of success 失败 乃成功之母 2 在季节 月份 节日 假日 日期 星期等表示时间的名词之前 不加冠词 We go to school from Monday to Friday 3 在三餐 球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前 不加冠词 4 当 by 与火车等交通工具连用中间无冠词 by bus by train 5 有些个体名词不用冠词 如 school college prison market hospital bed table class town church court 等个体名词 直接置于介词后 表示该名词的深层含义 如 go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 并不是去看病 而是有其他目的 6 不用冠词的序数词 a 序数词前有物主代词 b 序数词作副词 He came first in the race c 在固定词组中 at the first first of all from first to last 实战演练 2 50 1 There are days in a year A three hundred sixty five B three hundreds and sixty five C three hundred and sixty five 2 visitors visit this museum every day A Hundred B Hundred of C Hundreds of 3 There are two people in the library A hundred B hundreds C hundreds of 4 Every year watch NBA on TV A million people B millions of people C millions people 5 trees will be planted in our city in 5 years A Thousands of B Two thousands C Two thousand of 6 My brother is in A Three Class One Grade B Class Three Grade One C Grade first Class Third 7 We are going to learn this term A book six B six book C Book Six 8 Please turn to Let s read the text aloud A Page Two B the page two C second page 精品文档 12欢迎下载 第 12 页 共 114 页 9 He will come here tomorrow morning A at fifth B at ten C on two 10 He was doing some reading A at eight yesterday morning B yesterday morning eight C yesterday morning at eight 11 He began to live there A on his fifty B at age of fifty C in his fifties 12 They moved to the USA A in 1980s B in the 1980 C in the 1980s 13 She was her early twenties when she became a movie star A at B on C in 14 There are months in a year December is the month of the year A twelve twelve B twelve twelfth C twelfth twelve 15 Sunday is the day of the week A seventh B first C second 16 Autumn is season in a year A the fourth B the third C a third 17 What s the date today It s A Friday B cloudy C July 4th 18 Jenny was born A on July 10 1997 B in July 10 1997 C in 1997 July 10 19 Monday is the second day and A Tuesday is the fourth B Thursday is the fifth C the second is Tuesday 20 About of the books in our school library are written in Chinese A four fifth B four fifths C fourth fifths 21 of the students are girls in our class A Two three B Two threes C Two thirds 22 of the world s books and newspapers are written in English A Three quarters B Three quarter C Thirds four 23 Tom is in the row A a third B the third C third 24 The girl wanted to sing song at the party yesterday A two B a second C the second 25 Now let him have A the third try B a third try C third try 26 Our school is only walk from here A five minute B five minute s C five minutes 精品文档 13欢迎下载 第 13 页 共 114 页 27 There are days in a week A the seven B seventh C seven 28 Please write down the new words in the text of A Lesson Eleven B the Lesson Eleven C Lesson Eleventh 29 How old is your sister A She s fifteenth B She s young C She s fifteen 30 I read story It is interesting story A a an B a a C the the 31 Paris is European country and China is Asian country A an an B a a C a an 32 elephant is bigger than horse A B an a C A a 33 Shut door please A a B an C the 34 He is now living in European country A a B an C 35 China is old country with long history A an a B a a C an the 36 My parents usually go out for walk in evening A the a B a the C the 37 Her first thing is to help her mother clean the room A a B the C 38 The word floor begins with f and the end with r A a a B an an C an a 39 June 1st is Children s Day A a B the C 40 Huanghe River is second largest river in China A The the B A a C The a 41 Paris is one of most beautiful cities in world A the B C the the 42 Yesterday Mr Smith went to Great Wall at noon A the the B C the 43 We always have milk for breakfast A B the C a 44 Did you see my grandfather Oh I saw old man sitting on a chair under the tree Maybe he is 精品文档 14欢迎下载 第 14 页 共 114 页 A a B an C the 45 Do you see man with a dog Oh Yes dog is black A the a The B a a C a the 46 Who is better Li Ping or Wang Dong A the B a C 47 We go to school five days week A a B an C 48 In which class is boy in white He s in Class 5 A the B a C an 49 We often have sports after class and I like to play soccer A a B an C 50 More college graduates would like to work in west part of our country next year A the the B C the 参考答案 1 5 CCABA 5 10 BCABA 11 15 CCCBB 16 20 ACABB 21 25 CABBB 26 30 CCACA 31 35 CBCBA 36 40 BCCCA 41 45 CCABC 46 50 CAACC 专题三专题三 介词 连词介词 连词 一 介词 1 介词概述 介词表示它与后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系 介词是虚词 不 能单独做句子成分 介词在英语中用法很活 也无一定规律可循 在初中范围内还应 学一个记住一个 特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配 精品文档 15欢迎下载 第 15 页 共 114 页 2 常用介词的意义和用法 时间或地点介词 in on at 的用法区别 表示时间时 in 表示在一段时间里 在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后 on 表示 在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等 at 表示在某个时刻或者瞬间 表示地点时 in 表示在某个范围之内 on 表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触 at 则 表示在某个具体的场所或地点 如 He was born on the night of May 10th I usually get up at 7 00 in the morning His glasses are on the desk My brother is at the bus stop after 与 in 表示时间的用法区别 after 具体时刻 从句 表示 在 时刻之后 常 用于一般过去时态 in 一段时间 表示 在 多久 之后 常用于将来时态 如 He said that he would come back after 6 00 My father is coming back from Astralia in about a month since 与 for 表示时间的用法区别 since 具体时刻 that 从句 表示 自从 起一 直到现在 for 一段时间 表示 持续一段时间 都常用于完成时态 如 My father has worked in this factory since 1970 My father has worked in this factory for over 30 years by in 与 with 表示方式的用法区别 都可以表示 工具 手段 但是 by 主要表示 乘 坐 某个交通工具或 以 方式 在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者 in 表示 使用 某种 语言 文字 with 表示 使用 某个具体的工具 手段 如 We write with our hands and walk with our feet Please speak in English Let s go to the zoo by bus It was invented by Adison about 与 on 的用法区别 都可以表示 有关 但是 about 的意义比较广 而 on 主要表 示 有关 专题 课程 如 Tom is going to give a speech on the history of China They are talking about the English test 精品文档 16欢迎下载 第 16 页 共 114 页 through 与 across over 的用法区别 through 指 穿过 门洞 人群 树林 across 和 over 可以指 跨越 街道 河流 可互换 但是表示 翻过 时只能用 over 如 Just then a kangaroo 鼠 ran across the road 就在那时一只袋鼠跑过路面 There is a bridge across over the river 河上有座桥 They climbed over the mountain and arrived there 他们翻过大山到达了那里 The visitors went through a big gate into another park 参观者们穿过一个大门来 到另一个公园 7 as 与 like 的区别 两个词都表示 像 但是 as 译为 作为 表示的是职业 职务 作用等事实 而 like 译为 像 一样 表示外表 不是事实 如 Let me speak to you as a teacher 我以老师的身份和你讲话 Let me speak to you like a teacher 让我像一位老师一样和你讲话 8 in front of 与 in the front of in front of 在 的前面 与 in the front of 在 的前部 如 A group of people was standing in front of the hall In the front of the hall stood a group of people 12 except 与 besides 的区别 except 除了 表示排除掉某人物 即不包含 而 besides 除 了 则表示包含 即 不仅 又 如 Everyone went to the park except Tom 除了 Tom 大家都去了公园 Tom 没有去公园 Besides maths he also studied many other subjects 除了数学之外 他还学其他许多功 课 数学 也是他学的功课之一 连词 1 连词概述 连词是一种虚词 用于连接单词 短语或句子 但不单独做句子成分 按照 连词的性质 可将连词分为并列连词和从属连词 并列连词如 and but or for 等 它们 即可连接单词 短语 又可连接句子 从属连词如 when before because 等 它们主要引 导名词性从句 2 常见连词的用法 1 并列连词 的用法 并列连词有 and but or nor so for yet however as well as both and not only but also either or neither nor still And 连接单词短语句子 如 Tom and I study in the same school But or I have a pen but no pencil Would you like coffee or 精品文档 17欢迎下载 第 17 页 共 114 页 tea Nothing but 除了 只有 I did nothing but watch it