2011年MBA英语真题翻译

2011 年 MBA 英语真题 Section I Use of English Directions Read the following text Choose the best word s for each numbered black and mark A B C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 10 points The Internet affords anonymity to its users a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber crime that has swept across the Web 互联网为用户提供匿名权 私人祝福和言论自由 但是过度的匿名的还导致 了席卷整个网络的网络犯罪的爆发 Can privacy be preserved while bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly lawless 隐私是否应该被保护当它为世界带来似乎越来越多的不合法的安全性 Last month Howard Schmidt the nation s cyber czar offered the federal government a proposal to make the Web a safer place a voluntary trusted identity system that would be the high tech equivalent of a physical key a fingerprint and a photo ID card all rolled into one The system might use a smart identity card or a digital credential linked to a specific computer and would authenticate users at a range of online services 上个月 霍华德 施密特 国家的网络 专家 为联邦政府提供了一个使网络 成为一个安全场所的提议 这个提议就是建立一个叫做 自识别 的高科技系统 它等价于一个实体钥匙 一个指纹和一个带照片的身份证结合起来 The idea is to create a federation of private online identity systems User could select which system to join and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver s license issued by the government 这个想法是建立一个私人网络身份识别系统的联盟 用户可以选择加入任何 一个系统 而且只有身份已认证的注册用户才可以使用那些系统 这个方法和需 要有政府签发的互联网 签证 的方法形成对比 Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these single sign on systems that make it possible for users to log in just once but use many different services 谷歌和微软已经是拥有这些 单点登录 系统的众多企业之一 这个系统使 用户只登录一次但是可以使用多项不同的服务成为可能 In effect the approach would create a walled garden n cyberspace with safe neighborhoods and bright streetlights to establish a sense of a trusted community 实际上 这种方法可以创建一个 围墙花园 网络空间 这个空间拥有安全 的 邻居 和明亮的 街道 这些营造了了一种可信社区的感觉 Mr Schmidt described it as a voluntary ecosystem in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with confidence trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure on which the transaction runs 施密特先生将它描述成一个 自愿生态系统 在这个系统里 个体和组织 可以秘密完成网络事务 互相信任各自的身份以及事务运行的基础设施的特性 Still the administration s plan has divided privacy rights activists Some applaud the approach others are concerned It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would eventually be a compulsory Internet drive s license mentality 尽管如此 隐私权力保护人士对美国政府的这项计划颇有分歧 一些人支持 这项计划 另一些人则不 很明显这样的一个计划是对最终强制性网络 驾照 思想的主动推进 The plan has also been greeted with skepticism by some computer security experts who worry that the voluntary ecosystem envisioned by Mr Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet vulnerable They argue that all Internet users should be forced to register and identify themselves in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads 这个计划同时也受到一些电脑安全专家的怀疑 他们担心这个由施密特先生 构想出的 自愿生态系统 仍然会遗留很多网络漏洞 他们主张 所有互联网用 户都必须注册并提供身份识别 就像司机在公共道路上驾车必须领有驾照一样 1 A swept B skipped C walked D ridden 2 A for B within C while D though 3 A careless B lawless C pointless D helpless 4 A reason B reminder C compromise D proposal 5 A information B interference C entertainment D equivalent 6 A by B into C from D over 7 A linked B directed C chained D compared 8 A dismiss B discover C create D improve 9 A recall B suggest C select D realize 10 A relcased B issued C distributed D delivered 11 A carry on B linger on C set in D log in 12 A In vain B In effect C In return D In contrast 13 A trusted B modernized c thriving D competing 14 A caution B delight C confidence D patience 15 A on B after C beyond D across 16 A divided B disappointed C protected D united 17 A frequestly B incidentally C occasionally D eventually 18 A skepticism B relerance C indifference D enthusiasm 19 A manageable B defendable C vulnerable D invisible 20 A invited B appointed C allowed D forced 完形填空参考答案完形填空参考答案 1 5 ACBDD 6 10 BACCB 11 15 DBACA 16 20 ADACD Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions Read the following four texts Answer the questions after each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 40points Text 1 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs s board as an outside director in January 2000 a year later she became president of Brown University For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism But by the end of 2009 Ms Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman s compensation committee how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked By February the next year Ms Simmons had left the board The position was just taking up too much time she said 2000 年 1 月 茹斯 西蒙斯以外部董事的身份加入了高盛公司的董事会 一 年之后 她出任罗德岛布朗大学校长 在本世纪头十年剩下的时间里 西蒙斯显 然是在没有招致多少批评的情况下 同时应付着这两种角色 以及另外的几个董 事身份 不过到 2009 年底 她却因任职于高盛公司薪酬委员会而受到学生和 校友们的攻击 她怎么能让那些巨额奖金在不经意间就被发放出去呢 到 2 月份 时 西蒙斯已离开了董事会 她称只是因为这个职位耗费的时间太多了 Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful yet less biased advisers on a firm s board Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive s proposals If the sky and the share price is falling outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises 外部董事的职责就是给公司提供有益的 客观的没有偏见的建议的董事 一 般来说他们都是富有的并且拥有较高的名誉声望的人 这使得他们拥有能够做出 与公司领导者并不一定一致相对比较独立的决定 如果股价跌落 外部董事需要 对将要出现的危机提供解决方案 The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10 000 firms and more than 64 000 different directors between 1989 and 2004 Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next The most likely reason for departing a board was age so the researchers concentrated on those surprise disappearances by directors under the age of 70 They found that after a surprise departure the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20 The likelihood of being named in a federal class action lawsuit also increases and the stock is likely to perform worse The effect tended to be larger for larger firms Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship Often they trade up Leaving riskier smaller firms for larger and more stable firms 来自俄劾俄大学的研究者使用一个数据库 数据库包含从 1989 年到 2004 年 10000 个公司和 64000 多个外部董事的信息 接下来 他们只是检查哪些董事曾 经辞职 在离开董事会的理由中 可能性最大的因素是年龄 因此 研究者将关 注焦点放在了那些不满 70 岁董事的 意外 离职上 他们发现在意外离职后 公 司随后必须重述盈余的可能性增加了 20 联邦集体诉讼案入选的可能性也会增 加 股票可能更糟 对大公司的影响更大 不过 尽管外部董事离任与该公司随 后的糟糕表现之间的关联暗示着这一点 但这并不意味着此类董事总是在跳出正 在沉没之船 他们常常是在 另觅良枝 即离开风险更大 规模更小的公司 前 往规模更大 更加稳定的公司 But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms Simmons once again very popular on campus 不过研究者相信外部董事如果在坏消息爆出前离开公司就可以很容易避免名 声受损 即使他们在不法行为出现时仍然在董事会 公司要想保持其外部董事在 困难时期可能不得不建立激励机制 否则 外部董事将会跟随示例女士的西蒙斯 再一次校园非常受欢迎 21 According to Paragraph 1 Ms Simmons was criticized for A gaining excessive profits B failing to fulfill her duty C refusing to make compromises D leaving the board in tough times 22 We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be A generous investors B unbiased executives C share price forecasters D independent advisers 23 According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director s surprise departure the firm is likely to A become more stable B report increased earnings C do less well in the stock market D perform worse in lawsuits 24 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors A may stay for the attractive offers from the firm B have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm C are accustomed to stress free work in the firm D will decline incentives from the firm 25 The author s attitude toward the role of outside directors is A permissive B positive C scornful D critical TEXT 1 参考答案参考答案 21 A 细节题 原文第 1 段 倒数第 3 行的 how could 直接提到了 bonus payouts 就是说 profits 22 C 细节题 原文中出现 outside directors 有几处 helpful but less biased advisor 但是 B 选项用的是 executive 拼凑答案 D 选项也是一样 最后一句 weathered their own crises 对应 forecasters 23 C 细节题 原文是若干个并列 stock is likely to perform worse 对应答 案 迷惑选项是 B 但是主语不一致 20 是 probability 不是 earnings 24 A 推理题 原文对应 firms who want to 说想留住 outside director 就 是增加 incentive 25 B 态度题 文章各个段落都说 outside director 的方面 因此是 positive Text 2 Whatever happened to the death of newspaper A year ago the end seemed near The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom America s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers Should they become charitable corporations Should the state subsidize them It will hold another meeting soon But the discussions now seem out of date 什么事情导致了报纸行业死亡 一年前末日似乎近在咫尺 在全球经济危机 的恐慌下 许多曾选择报纸的广告商和读者转投互联网的怀抱 诸如 旧金山纪 事报 的报纸已着手为自己的命运编年记事 美国联邦贸易委员会曾发起一系列 关于如何拯救报业的讨论 商榷是否将报业转变为公益性公司或由各州政府提供 资助 下一轮会议马上就要召开 但这种讨论已经过时了 In much of the world there is the sign of crisis German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession Even American newspapers which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry have not only survived but often returned to profit Not the 20 profit margins that were routine a few years ago but profit all the same 放眼全球报业 危机并不明显 德国和巴西报业对危机嗤之以鼻 即使在身 处全球经济风暴中心 美国报业亦走过困境并重新开始盈利 虽然远不及几年前 高达 20 的盈利率 但不管怎样至少现在有钱可赚 It has not been much fun Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13 500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007 Readers are paying more for slimmer products Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and sadly for many journalists they can be pushed further 虽然情况好转 却不可过于乐观 许多报纸通过裁减记者渡过难关 据美国 新闻编辑协会统计 2007 年 全美 报社编辑职位缩减了 13500 报纸售价上调 但提供的服务却在减少 一些报纸甚至下决心取消了偏远乡村的报纸配送业务 这些孤注一掷的措施发挥了效果 也让报社敢于采取更加极端的办法 这对于许 多记者来说并不是好消息 Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads Fully 87 of their revenues came from advertising in 2008 according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation in the inner core alone Germany fears a small majority favour French interference 德国认为应该通过具有严格条款的借贷支出和竞争来节省欧元 对于不遵守 条款的政府要实行类似的自动制裁方法 这些条款可能会冻结提供给较贫困地区 和 欧盟 重大项目的欧盟资金 甚至暂停一个国家在欧盟部长级会议上的投票 权 德国主张经济合作应该包括所有 27 个欧盟成员国 但欧盟中有一半多一点 的国家信奉自由市场主义和严格的经济政策 就欧盟核心成员国而言 德国担心 上述国家会支持法国的干预 A southern camp headed by French wants something different European economic government within an inner core of euro zone members Translated that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers Finally figures close to the France government have murmured curo zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization e g curbing competition in corporate tax rates or labour costs 以法国为首的 南部 阵营想法迥异 法国提倡在欧元区成员国组成的内核中 设立 建立 欧洲经济政府 这意味着政治家们会干预货币政策和可实现资金从较 富裕成员国流向较贫穷成员国的再分配体系 这种 资金 再分配是经由政府通 过普通欧洲债券或彻底的财政转移进行低息借款而实现的 最终 那些与法国政 府联系紧密的大人物颇有微词 欧元区成员国应该同意使用一些财政和社会协调 方案 例如 抑制企业税率或劳工成本的竞争 It is too soon to write off the EU It remains the world s largest trading block At its best the European project is remarkably liberal built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries its internal borders are far more open to goods capital and labour than any comparable trading area It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization and make capitalism benign 但解散欧盟为时尚早 它仍然是世界上最大的贸易区 它现在处于最佳状态 欧洲的项目工程非常自由 它是 围绕由 27 个贫国和富国组成的单一市场而 建立的 较之任何类似的贸易区 它的内部边界对于商品 资本和劳动力更为开 放 它拥有一个宏图伟志 即钝化全球化这把剑最锋利的一面 同时使资本主义 市场趋向良性发展 36 The EU is faced with so many problems that A it has more or less lost faith in markets B even its supporters begin to feel concerned C some of its member countries plan to abandon euro D it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation 37 The debate over the EU s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers A are competing for the leading position B are busy handling their own crises C fail to reach an agreement on harmonization D disagree on the steps towards disintegration 38 To solve the euro problem Germany proposed that A EU funds for poor regions be increased B stricter regulations be imposed C only core members be involved in economic co ordination D voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed 39 The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that A poor countries are more likely to get funds B strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries C loans will be readily available to rich countries D rich countries will basically control Eurobonds 40 Regarding the future of the EU the author seems to feel A pessimistic B desperate C conceited D hopeful TEXT 4 参考答案参考答案 36 B 推理题 第一段 But 后说 cheerleader 觉得 EU 有 debt decline 和 lower growth 37 D 推理题 三段论德法对欧元区和谐上达成一致但如何和谐有分歧 38 B 细节题 原文对应 by stricter rules on 39 A 推理题 原文对应 a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds 40 D 态度题 文章最后总结认为 EU 是 world s largest trading block 最后 一句 it is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization and make capitalism benign 都是说 EU 正面的信息 Part B Directions Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column There are two extra choices in the right column Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 10 points Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government s role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose fat taxes on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet 一些知名医生今天加入关于政府促进公众健康中作用的讨论 他们要求官方 对不健康的食物强加 肥胖税 并且向儿童宣传香烟模式警告 即不良饮食的危 险性 The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary Andrew Lansley who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations 这些要求是随着上周卫生大臣安德鲁 兰斯利言论而产生 安德鲁坚持政府 不可以强迫人们作出健康的选择和承诺商业活动独立于公共卫生法规 But senior medical figures want to stop fast food outlets opening near schools restrict advertising of products high in fat salt or sugar and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast food products such as McDonald s 但是资深医生希望取缔学校附近的快餐店 限制广告高脂肪 盐和糖的产品 并限制快餐产品赞助体育赛事 如麦当劳 They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain s addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity diabetes and heart disease Professor Terence Stephenson president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking 他们认为政府的行动是必要的 以抑制英国对不健康食品上瘾 并有助于遏 制螺旋式上升的肥胖率 糖尿病和心脏病 特伦斯 斯蒂文森 皇家儿童健康学 院的校长说 不健康食品的消费应该被看作与吸烟或酗酒一样具有破坏性的行为 Thirty years ago it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs and yet that is what we have now Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity I would suggest that we should be said the leader of the UK s children s doctors 英国儿童医生协会的领导者说 三十年前 根本都无法想象吸烟禁令会出 现在工作场所或酒吧里 然而 现在确是这样 当涉及到肥胖症时我们是否能足 够勇敢 我建议 我们应该说是 Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead He said that manufactures of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver s high profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how lecturing people was not the best way to change their behavior 兰斯利警告了健康运动人士暗示他希望行业而不是政府带头 他表示 薯片 和糖果的制造商可以在改变生活的活动中发挥核心作用 最引人注目的政府则致 力于宣扬健康饮食和健康 他还批评了名人首席杰米 奥利弗的高调努力去改善 英格兰学校午餐作为例子 告诉大家对人 说教 不是改变他们行为的最好的方法 Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat aslt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas If we were really bold we might even begin to think of high calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes by setting strict limits on advertising product placement and sponsorship of sports events he said 斯提芬森说我们应该禁止高脂肪食物 含糖 盐量超过 9pm 食物的电视广告 同时也要限制通过广告牌或者电影院的宣传方式 我们够勇敢的话 也可以像限 制香烟一样来限制高热量快餐食物 通过严格限制广告 就业位置和运动会的赞 助商来实现 Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald s which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association Fast food chains should also stop offering inducements such as toys cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers Stephenson said 斯提芬森说 如果实行这样的建议 将会对一些公司产生影响 例如麦当 劳这个作为足协青少年训练的赞助商 快餐行业同样要停止通过玩具 可爱小动 物 手机等来吸引年轻的顾客 Porfessor Dinesh Bhugra president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists said if children are taught about the impact that food had on their growth and that some things can harm at least information is available up front 皇家精神学院院长布格拉教授说 如果孩子们知道这些食物对他们成长的影 响 一些食物是有害的 退一万步说这些东西教给他们对他们来说迟早会用到的 He also urged councils to impose fast food free zones around schools and hospitals areas within which takeaways cannot open 同时他也想议会提出在一些地方快餐食物店是不能开的 如学校和医院的周 围 A Department of Health spokesperson said We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer This includes creating a new responsibility deal with business built on social responsibility not state regulation Later this year we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how