Gone-with-Wind-文献翻译汇总.doc

毕 业 设 计（论 文）外 文 文 献 译 文 及 原 文学 生： 学 号： 院 （系）： 专 业： 指导教师： 年 月 日飘中斯嘉丽性格的形成原因 汪思思（江汉艺术职业学院，湖北 潜江 433100）摘要：乱世佳人是一部生动描述旧南方,内战和重建时期的历史小说。这是一本令人难以置信的杰作，小说写了关于旧文明的死亡和新时代的生存斗争的故事。这本小说围绕斯嘉丽.奥哈拉的故事而展开。斯嘉丽在三个时期即，少女时期,内战时期和重建时期，不断地蜕化改变着。通过分析斯嘉丽性格的形成与改变,本文将进一步细化达尔文的“适者生存”和女权主义的概念。关键词：飘，斯嘉丽的性格，自然环境，社会环境，适者生存，女权主义1 简介乱世佳人是一本生动、详细描述南部,美国内战和重建时期的光荣与繁荣的历史浪漫小说，由玛格丽特米切尔所写并于1936年获得了普利策奖。这是一个关于战争的失败者如何在一个政治和经济系统被毁坏并被迫改变的地方学会生活的故事。而且这是一部描述了一个女人和两个男人的复杂感情即这个女人的改变和成长的小说。我对斯嘉丽的性格形成的过程非常感兴趣,这一过程反映了许多值得思考的问题,比如环境和性格之间的关系,“适者生存”的概念和女权主义等。2 斯嘉丽性格的阐述2.1 少女时期斯嘉丽的性格正如小说所描述的,斯嘉丽出生在一个有大面积种植园和数以百计的黑奴的华丽的大家庭中。她拥有美貌和智慧,她热情、纯洁、活泼和浪漫,她无忧无虑,在她的生活里，只有参加聚会,遵守妈妈的纪律,同别的男孩一起玩耍等。斯嘉丽渴望拥有自由,她不想像这个时期的其他女人一样被控制着,一点权利和自由都没有,他们被迫伪装自己的真实欲望和内心的想法。2.2 南北战争时期斯嘉丽的性格在内战期间,查尔斯的死,塔拉的损害,她母亲的公寓,她父亲的痴呆和食物短缺结束了斯嘉丽幸福的生活。突然面对悲惨的局面,她一夜之间成熟了。“今晚是最后一次,她被视作为一个孩子。她现在是一个女人了，年轻已经一去不复反了。”(P323)。她别无选择,只能放弃她的母亲所教的一个温柔的女士应有的公约而去学习种植棉花和耕地来养活她的家人。从那以后,斯嘉丽成为一家之主,她负责塔拉庄园的一切事物，所以她逐渐变得有点无情,贪婪和自私。但为了在困难时期谋生,在面对困难时无情,坚定，冷漠是必须的。2.3 重建时期斯嘉丽的性格战争结束后,重建开始了。她独自经营木材厂,油画业务订单,并在后来开始经营高利贷。因为她的贸易业务,斯嘉丽变得唯物主义,自私,但更显雄心勃勃和勇于进取。3 斯嘉丽性格形成的原因3.1 自然环境对斯嘉丽性格的影响第一个塑造斯嘉丽性格的因素是南方的地理条件和生活方式。因为它的历史和自然条件,旧南方是一个依赖农业和种植经济的地方。南方,不仅是喂养他们的的土地,而且是他们精神的国土,在美国文化中，代表着南方人的特殊身份并给了他们一种安全感和归属感。这是斯嘉丽如此珍视塔拉的原因。所以斯嘉丽不惜一切代价保护和重建塔拉的行为是不足为奇的。塔拉给了斯嘉丽一种力量,鼓励她在困难时期还能勇敢地经营生活。3.2 社会环境对斯嘉丽性格的影响3.2.1斯嘉丽身边的人对斯嘉丽性格的影响斯嘉丽周围的人,有不同的年龄，不同的道德标准,不同的想法和不同的特点,这或多或少对斯嘉丽的性格造成了影响。其中,她的父母和她的朋友对她有着巨大的影响。斯嘉丽像他的父亲，杰拉尔德奥哈拉一样,活泼、热情、勇敢、倔强和坚强。斯嘉丽又像她的母亲艾伦奥哈拉一样,可爱,聪明和优雅。斯嘉丽又像她的朋友们一样，喜欢漂亮的帽子,手套,服装,喜欢聚会和骑马,而且当这个县的每一个花花公子都追随着她时，她感到很满足。在艾伦和妈咪的约束下，斯嘉丽似乎是端庄，温柔的。实际上,叛逆的思想和价值观存在于她的内心世界。这些塑造了斯嘉丽的双重性格。3.2.2 南北战争时期和重建时期对斯嘉丽性格的影响斯嘉丽生活的背景是南北战争时期和重建时期。内战期间,在塔拉,食物,鸡,鸭,猪和牛都被北方士兵抢走了,所有的棉花被北方士兵给烧毁了,除了塔拉的红土地，什么也没有留下。重建期间,南方种植园经济系统已经变成了北方的资本主义经济体制。受到资本主义制度的影响和为了谋生,斯嘉丽学会雇佣作为低收入劳动者的罪犯并像北方的商人那样放高利贷。突然改变的艰难环境塑造了她的美国资本家的特点。4 斯嘉丽性格改变过程中所反映的两个重要的问题4.1 斯嘉丽身上所反应映出的达尔文“适者生存”的观点“适者生存”是指自然选择，即为生活而斗争的构想,只有那些能更好的适应现有条件的生物才能够生存和繁殖。达尔文的进化思想和“适者生存”的概念,告诉人们,我们应该不断改变从而适应社会的改变。我们应该调整我们的观点和专业技能从而适应不断变化的世界。斯嘉丽是一个能够在旧世界的废墟上建立新生活的女英雄。她可以改变她的生活方式和价值标准，从而适应永恒变化的社会。这便是达尔文“适者生存”概念的真是写照。4.2 小说中所反映的女权主义斯嘉丽是一个拥有反叛思想的女孩,在某种意义上，这是现代社会的一种进步。在那一时代，斯嘉丽的思想和行为定会被认为是令人厌恶且不合时宜的,然而，她只是渴望解放和为生活而奋斗。在十二橡树园的派对上，她有足够的勇气来表达她对阿希礼爱,在舞会上，还在服丧期的她勇敢地接受了瑞德跳舞的邀请,这一行为激怒了许多传统的老人。当她设法重建塔拉时,为了保护塔拉和为她的家人提供温饱，她自己种植棉花，运行两个锯木厂并自己管理他们。即使她怀孕了，她仍一直勇敢地独自努力着。在现代社会,女性应该为解放，自由和权力平等而斗争。社会应该给予女性更多的展示空间,利用自己的潜力来为世界做贡献。5 结论女作家玛格丽特米切尔,在文学领域是一个有抱负的女性,她给我们刻画了一个令人欣喜并有争议的女性的-斯嘉丽.奥哈拉,一个在艰难时期有很强的决心和勇气生存并支撑她的家人的女性。两个问题即达尔文的“适者生存”和女权主义的想法已经反映在这部小说中。达尔文的进化论和“适者生存”的概念告诉人们,我们应该随着不断改变的社会而改变。另一个重要的问题是女权主义，几个世纪以来它一直吸引着人们的注意力。迄今为止,女权运动已经取得了许多成就,例如,在现代很多女性出去工作,他们获得了许多只属于旧时期男性的权利等。今天,在各个领域有很多成功的女性。尽管女权主义者取得了很大成就,绝大多数女权主义者确信他们仍然有大量的工作要做。参考书目：1 Margaret Mitchell.Gone with the Wind M.Xian:Global Press, 2005.2 Moi.Sexual/Texual Politics M.P.923 Rita Felski.Beyond Feminist Aesthetics Feminist Literature and Social ChangeM.UK: Hutchinson,1989:234 柯彦玢.创业的妇女论薇拉凯瑟的啊，拓荒者和我的安东尼亚中女性的形J.国外文学（季刊）,1997(4):60-65.On the Causes of Scarlets Character in Gone with the WindWang Si-si（The han art vocational college，Hubei Qianjiang 433100）Abstract：Gone With the Wind is a historical fiction novel with vivid descriptions of the Old South ,the Civil War and the Reconstruction .This is an incredibly well written book about the death of old civilization and the struggles to survive in the new era. It is ultimately the story of one person, Scarlet OHara.Scarlet is keeping on changing during the three periods of the novelher girlhood, the period of the Civil War and the Reconstruction. Through the analysis of the formation and changing of Scarlets characters, this paper will make a further elaboration on the Darwinian concept of survival of the fittest and feminism.Key Words: Gone with the Wind, the character of Scarlet, the natural environment, the social environment, the survival of the fittest, feminism中图分类号：I106 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-5039(2013)22-0238-021 IntroductionGone with the Wind, which was written by Margaret Mitchell and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1936, is a historical romance with the vivid and detailed description of the glory and prosperity of the Old South, the American Civil War and the period of the Reconstruction. It is a story about how losers of the war must learn to live in a place where their political and economical systems are demolished and forced to be changed. And it is a fiction which describes the complicated affection of one woman with two men and the changing and growth of the woman. I am very interested in the process of the formation of Scarlets characters, which reflects many issues worthy to be thought about, such as the relationship between environment and character, the concept of“survival of the fittest”and feminism and so on.2 Elaboration on Scarlets Character2.1 Scarlets character during her girlhoodAs described in the novel, Scarlet is born in a magnificent family with a big plantation and hundreds of Negro slaves. She owns beauty and wisdom, she is passionate, pure, lively and romantic, she is free from care, and all the things in her life are attending parties, dealing with Mammys discipline, playing with other boys and so on.Scarlet wants freedom, she doesnt want to be controlled like other women of that times when women had no rights and freedom at all and they were forced to disguise their true desire and inner thoughts.2.2 Scarlets character during the Civil WarDuring the Civil War, the death of Charles, the damage of Tara, the apartment of her mother, the dementia of her father and the shortage of food ends Scarlets happy life.Suddenly facing the miserable situation, she grows mature overnight.“To-night was the last time she would ever be ministered to as a child. She was a woman now and youth was gone.”(P323) .She has no choice but to give up the convention of being a gentle lady taught by her mother and to learn to plant cotton and plough the field to feed her family.From then on, Scarlet has become the head of household, and she is in charge of everything in Tara, so she gradually grows a little ruthless, greedy and selfish. But in order to make a living in then hard times, she needs to be cold-hearted, firm and unbending in face of difficulties.2.3 Scarlets character during the period of the ReconstructionAfter the war ends, the Reconstruction starts. She manages the lumber mill and canvasses business orders all by herself, and she later begins to practice usury. Because of her trade business, Scarlet becomes materialistic , selfish, but ambitious and enterprising.3 The Causes of the Formation of Scarlets Character3.1 The influence of natural environment on Scarlets characterThe first factor that shapes Scarlets character is the geographical condition and life-style of the South. Because of its history and natural condition, the Old South was a place dependent on agriculture and plantation. The South, not only the land that feeds them, but also their spiritual motherland, refines Southerners special identification in the American culture and gives them a sense of safe and belonging.That is the reason why Scarlet cherishes a deep affection to Tara. No wonder Scarlet struggles at all costs to protect and rebuild Tara. Tara gives Scarlet a kind of strength, which urges her to earn a life in the troubled time bravely.3.2 The influence of social environment on Scarlets character3.2.1 The influence of the people surrounding Scarlet on her characterThe people surrounding Scarlet are of different ages, different moral standards, different thoughts and different characteristics, which have more or less influence on the character of Scarlet. Among them, her parents and her friends affect her at a high degree. Like her father, Gerald OHara, she is vivacious, passionate, brave, stubborn and strong. Like her mother, Ellen OHara, she is charming, smart and elegant. Like her friends, she likes wearing beautiful bonnets, mittens and dresses, she loves parties and riding horses, and she feels very satisfied when every playboys of this county are after her. Scarlet appears to be elegant and gentle under the discipline of Ellen and Mammy. Actually, she has rebellious thoughts and values in her inner world. That shapes the dual character of Scarlet.3.2.2 The influence of the Civil War and the Reconstruction on Scarlets characterThe background of Scarlets life is the Civil War and the period of the Reconstruction.During the Civil War, in Tara, the food ,chickens, ducks, pigs and cows are all snatched by Northern soldiers, all the cotton have been burnt by them, nothing has been left but the red earth of Tara. During the Reconstruction, the economic system of southern plantation has been changed into capitalistic economic system of the North. Influenced by the system of capitalism and in order to make a living, Scarlet learned to employ criminals as low-paid laborers and practice usury just like northern businessmen.The abruptly- changed rough environment has shaped her characteristics of capitalists of America.4 Two Important Issues Reflected in the Process of the Changing of the Character of Scarlet4.1 The Darwinian idea of Survival of the Fittest reflected in the life of ScarletSurvival of the Fittest means natural selection conceived of as a struggle for life in which only those organisms best adapted to existing conditions are able to survive and reproduce.Darwins ideas of evolution and the Darwinian concept of the survival of the fittest tells people that we should keep changing with the alteration of the society. We should be capable of readjusting our outlook and professional skills to become adaptable to the ever-changing world.Scarlet is a heroine who is able to establish a new life on the ruins of the old world. She is capable of changing her life-style and standards of value to keep adaptable to the ever-lasting changing society. That is just in accordance with the Darwinian Concept of survival of the fittest”.4.2 Feminism reflected in the novelScarlet is a girl with rebel ideas, which are progressive in a certain sense in modern times. Scarlets thoughts and behaviors must be considered to be revolting and improper at that time, but she is just longing for liberation and struggling for a living.She is courageous enough to express her love to Ashley in the party held in the Twelve Oaks, and she is brave enough to accept Rhetts invitation for dancing in the party, which has irritated many traditional old people, during her period of mourning. Scarlet plants cotton by herself when she manages to rebuild Tara, she runs two sawmills and manages them herself in order to protect Tara and supply her family, and she has been brave enough to drive alone on the road even when she is pregnant.In modern society, women should struggle and battle for liberation, freedom and equal rights. The society should give women more room for showing and making use of their potential to make contribution for the world.5 ConclusionMargaret Mitchell, a woman writer with ambition in literature, off