lesson 10 A More Perfect Unionppt课件

AMorePerfectUnion Part BarackObama Lesson10 Book1 外语教学与研究出版社FOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESS Contents PartOne Warm upPartTwo BackgroundInformationPartThree TextAppreciationPartFour LanguageStudyPartFive Extension PartOne Warm up VideoWatching Brainstorming Discussion LearningObjectives Watchthe2012campaignadvertisement HowdoyouthinkofObama schancesofbeingelectedintoofficeagainin2012 VideoWatching WhatisanAmericanDream Whatdoyouthinkarethecoreconceptsofit Brainstorming Brainstorming 1 AmericanDream isanideal HowdoyouthinkitisrelatedtothepromiseembeddedintheU S Constitutionbythefoundingfathers 2 ConfrontedwiththeaccusationsofcloserelationswithReverendWright howwouldObamatactfullyresponsetothecriticism 3 HowdoyouthinkObamashouldbringtheJeremiahWrightcontroversytothethemeofhiselectoralcampaign Discussion 1 Toknowthewritingtechniqueandfeaturesofspeech 2 Tobeacquaintedwithsomeliteraryterms 3 Toappreciatethelanguagefeatures 4 Tolearntodraftforaspeech LearningObjectives PartTwo BackgroundInformation JimCrow Reverseracism TheReaganCoalition Otherrelatedinformation JimCrow StateandlocallawsintheUnitedStatesenactedbetween1876and1965SeparatedbutequalImposelegalpunishmentsonpeopleforconsortingwithmembersofanotherrace JimCrow Anexample AllmarriagesofwhitepersonswithNegroes Mulattos Mongolians orMalayahereaftercontractedintheStateofWyomingareandshallbeillegalandvoid Reverseracism Reverseracismisacontroversialtermwhichreferstoracialprejudiceordiscriminationdirectedagainstthetraditionallydominantracialgroupinasociety Systemswhichdiscriminateinfavourofmembersofracialminorities IntheUnitedStates affirmativeactionreferstoequalopportunityemploymentmeasuresthatFederalcontractorsandsubcontractorsarelegallyrequiredtoadopt Thesemeasuresareintendedtopreventdiscriminationagainstemployeesorapplicantsforemployment onthebasisof color religion sex ornationalorigin Reverseracism Asian AmericansneedednearlyperfectSATscoresof1550tohavethesamechanceofbeingacceptedatatopprivateuniversityaswhiteswhoscored1410andAfrican Americanswhogot1100 Whiteswere3times Hispanics6times andblacksmorethan15timesaslikelytobeacceptedataU S universityasAsian Americans Reverseracism CollegeAcceptanceRates 2005 Reverseracism TheReaganCoalition TheReagancoalitionwasagroupofvotersbroughttogetherbyRepublicanRonaldReaganinordertoestablishamajorpoliticalrealignmentwithhismassivevictoryinthe1980UnitedStatesPresidentialElection TheFoundingPrinciplesoftheCoalition IndividualLibertyPersonalResponsibilityNationalSecurityLimitedFederalistNationalGovernmentFreeMarketCapitalismTraditionalAmericanValuesTheRuleofLaw TheReaganCoalition Otherrelatedinformation TheOJtrial Dr King 1929 1968African AmericanCivilRightsMovementNobelPeacePrize 1964 MarchonWashingtonforJobsandFreedom Aug28th 1963 Otherrelatedinformation PartThree TextAppreciation TextAnalysis Introduction Theme TextOrganization FurtherUnderstanding WritingDevices LanguageStyle RhetoricalDevices SentenceParaphrase WhatdidObamamentioninthefirstpartofhisspeech WhatdoyouknowaboutthedivisivefactorsandforcesintheU S HowdoyouthinkObamawouldbringthediverseanddifferentsectorsoftheU S societytogethertoreachthegoalofunityandtowintheelection TextAnalysis Theme DoyouknowthesloganofObama selectoralcampaign Obamadidn tconfinetheJeremiahWrightcontroversytotheraceissue Howdidheviewthecontroversy DoyouthinkObamasolvedthecrisis Howdoyouthinkhedidit TextAnalysis TextOrganizationPart4 Paras27 37 TheracialstalemateintheU S todayPart5 Paras38 51 UnitedforchangetowardsamoreperfectunionPart6 Paras52 60 ThespeechisbroughttotheendbytheexampleofAshley sstorywiththethemere emphasized TextAnalysis 1 Thepastisn tdeadandburied Infact itisn tevenpast Thesentencemeansthat A thereisnopastB todayistheresultofthepastC thepastliveslongerD peoplealwaysliveinthepast FurtherUnderstanding TextAnalysis 2 Itisparticularlydifficultfortheblacktoget intheU S A wealthandpropertyB educationC jobopportunitiesD helpfromthegovernment3 Theproperattitudetotheblackangeristo A condemnitB wishitawayC getridofitD understandandfaceit TextAnalysis 4 Themiddleclasssqueezeiscausedbythefollowingexcept A insidedealingB questionableaccountingC theblacksD short termgreed5 ThemistakeofReverendWright ssermonsistoviewtheAmericasocietyas A white dominatedB dividedC staticD united TextAnalysis 1 ImpersonalsentencesNotetheuseofimpersonalstructuresinthefollowingsentences 1 Understandingthisrealityrequiresareminderofhowwearrivedatthispoint Para 27 WritingDevices LanguageStyle 2 Theinferioreducationthey segregatedschools provided helpstoexplainthepervasiveachievementgapbetweenToday sblackandwhitestudents Para 28 3 Legalizeddiscriminationmeantthatblackfamiliescouldnotamassanymeaningfulwealthtobequeathtofuturegenerations Para 29 WritingDevices Questions 1 What sthedifferencebetweenanimpersonalsentenceandapersonalone 2 Whatfunctionsdoimpersonalsentencesplayinthetext 3 Canyoufindmorecasesinthetext WritingDevices ThepersonaltouchThespeaker spersonalexperiencesareveryoftenincludedinaspeech Canyoufindoutcasesinthetext 1 Obama sfamilybackground2 Obama srelationwithWrightandtheTrinityUnitedChurch3 ThestoryofAshley4 Whatisthefunctionofthepersonaltouchinaspeech WritingDevices QuotesFindoutthequotesinthetextandexplainthem Howdothequotesfunctioninthetext 1 Thepastisn tdeadandburied Infact itisn tevenpast Para 27 2 ThemostsegregatedhourofAmericanlifeoccursonSundaymorning Para 33 3 Wedountoothersaswewouldhavethemdountous Para 43 WritingDevices 4 TransitionFindoutcasesoftransitioninthetext andexplainhowtheyfunction 1 Infact asimilarangerexistswithinsegmentsofthewhitecommunity Para 34 2 ButIhaveassertedafirmconviction aconvictionrootedinmyfaithinGodandmyfaithintheAmericanpeople Para 38 3 Notthistime Para 47 WritingDevices RhetoricalDevices PunDefinition Thepun alsocalledparonomasia isaformofwordplaywhichsuggeststwoormoremeanings byexploitingmultiplemeaningsofwords orofsimilar soundingwords foranintendedhumorousorrhetoricaleffect WritingDevices e g 1 Idon tthinkIneedaspine It sholdingmeback 2 Anelevatormakesghostshappybecauseitliftsthespirits 3 Thecoffeetastedlikemudbecauseitwasgroundacoupleofminutesago WritingDevices RhetoricalDevices TransferredEpithetDefinition Atransferredepithetistherhetoricaldeviceinwhichamodifier usuallyanadjective isappliedtothe wrong wordinthesentence Thewordwhosemodifieristhusdisplacedcaneitherbeactuallypresentinthesentence oritcanbeimpliedlogically Thisdeviceservestostresstheemotionsorfeelingsoftheindividual WritingDevices e g 1 carelesserror distracteddriving2 Thistimewewanttotalkaboutthemenandwomenofeverycolorandcreedwhoservetogether andfighttogether andbleedtogetherunderthesameproudflag Para 50 WritingDevices RhetoricalDevices Parallelisme g 1 Letusbeourbrother skeeper Letusbe Letusfindthat Para 43 2 Thistimewe Thistimewe Thistimewe Thistimewe Paras 47 50 WritingDevices RhetoricalDevices Metaphore g 1 Thathistoryhelpsexplainthewealthandincomegapbetweenblacksandwhites andtheconcentratedpocketsofpovertythatpersistinsomanyoftoday surbanandruralcommunities Para 29 2 allhelpedcreateacycleofviolence blightandneglectthatcontinuestohauntus Para 30 WritingDevices RhetoricalDevices Alliteratione g Thistimewewanttotalkaboutthemenandwomenofeverycolorandcreedwhoservetogether andfighttogether andbleedtogetherunderthesameproudflag Para 50 WritingDevices 1 Thepastisn tdeadandburies Infact itisn tevenpast Para 27 Theinfluenceofwhathappenedintheprevioustimeshasnotdisappeared Suchinfluencescanstillbeseen SentenceParaphrase 2 manyofthedisparitiesthatexistbetweentheAfrican AmericancommunityandalargerAmericancommunitytodaycanbetraceddirectlytoinequalitiespassedonfromanearliergenerationthatsufferedunderthebrutallegacyofslaveryandJimCrow Para 27 TheinequalitiesanddifferencesyoufindintheAfrican Americancommunitiestodaycanedirectlyfromblacksofanoldergenerationwhowerethevictimsofracialdiscrimination SentenceParaphrase 3 Thathistoryhelpsexplain theconcentratedpocketsofpovertythatpersistinsomanyoftoday surbanandruralcommunities Para 29 Thehistoryisalsothereasonyoufindpeopleofextremepovertycrowdedintosmallareasofslums incitiesandruralareas SentenceParaphrase 4 Theycameofageinthelatefiftiesandearlysixties atimewhensegregationwasstillthelawofthelandandopportunitywassystematicallyconstricted Para 31 Theygrewupandbecamematureinthelate1950sandearly1960swhenracialsegregationandracialdiscriminationwerestillstrongandwidespread andopportunitywasmostlydeniedtoblackyouth SentenceParaphrase 5 ButforallthosewhoscratchedandclawedtheirwaytogetapieceoftheAmericanDream thereweremanywhodidn tmakeit thosewhowereultimatelydefeated inonewayoranother bydiscrimination Para 32 Outofthosewhoworkedorstruggledveryhardtoclimbthesocialladder manydidnotsucceed Theyweredefeatedinlife sstruggle asaresultofracialdiscrimination SentenceParaphrase 6 Attimes thatangerisexploitedbypoliticians toginupvotesalongraciallines ortomakeupforapolitician sownfailings Para 32 Sometimes whenapoliticianwantsblackvotesorwantstousetheissueofracetocompensateforhisdefects hewouldmakeuseofsuchangerinordertobenefitfromit SentenceParaphrase 7 Mostworkingandmiddle classwhiteAmericansdon tfeelthattheyhavebeenparticularlyprivilegedbytheirrace Para 34 AmajorityofwhiteAmericansofworkingclassormiddleclassoriginfeelthattheirwhiteskinhasnotbroughtthemanybenefit Theimplicationisthatracialdiscriminationdoesnotexist SentenceParaphrase 8 Talkshowhostsandconservativecommentatorsbuiltentirecareersunmaskingbogusclaimsofracismwhiledismissinglegitimatediscussionsofracialinjusticeandinequalityasmerepoliticalcorrectnessorreverseracism Para 35 Talkshowhostsandconservativecommentatorsbecamefamousthroughexposingso calledincidentsofracismwhichwereinfactnottrue Theysaidthatreasonablediscussionsofunfairtreatmentofminoritieswerecateringtoexcessivesensibilitytominoritycuasesorwereracismagainstthewhites SentenceParaphrase 9 Andyet towishawaytheresentmentsofwhiteAmericans tolabelthemasmisguidedorevenracist withoutrecognizingtheyaregroundedinlegitimateconcerns thistoowidenstheracialdivide andblocksthepathtounderstanding Para 36 Ifyouthinksuchangerwilldisappearbygoodwishes ifyouregardsuchangerasbeingracistwithoutacknowledgingthattheconcernbehindtheangerisjustifiable thenmisunderstandingwillincreaseandthedivisionbetweenthewhitesandtheblackswillgrow SentenceParaphrase 10 theymustalwaysbelievethattheycanwritetheirowndestiny Para 39 TheyshouldhavetheconvictionthatinAmericatheycanshorttheirowncourseandachievetheirgoal 11 Thatistruegeniusofthisnation Para 41 Americaiscapableofchange ThisabilityisacrucialfactorinAmericanprogress SentenceParaphrase 12 byprovidingthisgenerationwithladdersofopportunitythatwereunavailableforpreviousgeneration Para 42 Bymakingitpossiblefortheyoungblackpeopletodaytomoveahead toclimbthesocialladder togetoutofpoverty whichwasimpossiblefortheirelders SentenceParaphrase PartFour LanguageStudy WordStudy PhrasesandExpressions 1 bequeath2 privilege3 erosion4 constrict5 languish6 truism plicity8 stagnant9 culprit10 rife11 embark12 audacity WordStudy 1 bequeath v topass sth ontoanother tohanddowne g Theybequeathedtotheirchildrenarespectforhardwork 2 privilege n aspecialadvantage immunity permission right orbenefitgrantedtoorenjoyedbyanindividual aclass oracaste e g Ioftenfeelasenseofhelplessnessintryingtocounterthedamagetheycausewhentheyabusetheirprivilege WordStudy 3 erosion n agradualdeclineofsth e g Aftertheaccountingscandaltherewasanerosionofconfidenceintheauditors 4 constrict v tosqueezeorpresstogethere g GeithneralsoreiteratedadministrationplanstoconstricttheFederalHousingAdministration sroleinmakingloans WordStudy 5 languish v tolosevigor health orflesh asthroughgriefe g Theleaveslanguishedfromlackofwater 6 truism n anobvioustruthe g ThereistruisminAmericanpolitics whichisthecandidatewhoisabletodefinehimselfanddefinehisopponentfirstwinstheelection WordStudy plicity n guiltasanaccompliceinacrimeoroffensee g Iwasbaselesslyaccusedofcomplicityintheaffairbyalazyhackwhocannotbebotheredtodohishomework 8 stagnant adj notgrowingorchanging withoutforceorvitalitye g Iftheeconomyremainsstagnant theBankwillprobablybeslowtoremovetheliquidity WordStudy 9 culprit n someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoinge g Whoeverwastheculprit inGarment sview onlyradicalsurgeryandthefullestadmissionoferrorcouldavertcatastrophe 10 rife adj excessivelyabundante g Theneighborhoodusedtobeashantytownrifewithgarbage humanwasteandcrime WordStudy 11 embark v setouton anenterpriseorsubjectofstudy e g Whenweembarkonanytask itisimportantthatwestartwell 12 audacity n fearlessdaringe g Daisy onthisoccasion continuedtopresentherselfasaninscrutablecombinationofaudacityandinnocence WordStudy eofage2 ginup3 wishaway4 succumbto5 inthewakeof6 pounceon7 fallbehind PhrasesandExpressions eofage toreachacertainagethatmarksatransitiontomaturitye g Localcarmakersintheworld sfastest growingandthird biggestcarmarketwouldappearcomeofage PhrasesandExpressions 2 ginup toattract tostire g Somehousesmakingcustom madegownswillbeabletoginupaKate likedressintimeforJuneweddings PhrasesandExpressions 3 wishaway towantsthunpleasanttodisappearwithoutdoinganythingaboutit e g Theproblemofpollutioninthecitycannotbewishedaway PhrasesandExpressions 4 succumbto tosubmittoanoverpoweringforceoryieldtoanoverwhelmingdesire togiveuporgiveine g DavidMiliband whostresseshisliberalismaswellassocialdemocracy seemsleastlikelytosuccumbtothistemptation PhrasesandExpressions 5 inthewakeof esp sth bad happeningafteraneventandusuallyasaresultofite g TheU S TreasurybondpricesfellslightlyinthewakeofMr Bernanke scommentsasinvestorsactedinthehopethatfurthergovernmentactionwouldimprovecreditconditions Bernanke scommentsasinvesto rsactedinthehopethatfurthergovernmentactionwouldimprovecreditconditions PhrasesandExpressions 6 pounceon tosuddenlyjumponananimalorpersonafterwaitingtoattacktheme g Policemenwerehidinginthebank readytopounceonthethieves PhrasesandExpressions 7 fallbehind tohang back orfall behind inmovement progress develop