friendship 新世纪大学英语综合教程3ppt课件

BeforeReading 2 2 You vetastedbitterandthesweetsuccess Youwantitallandyoufornothingless You vetriedharderthantherest You vebecomeoneofthebest Thisisthetimeyou llrememberforAllyourlifeForeverfriendsInAsthewholeworldjoinsandseesDaysof ForeverthroughtheyearsWe llhearthe Joyandlaughtereverywhere Directions Listentothesongandfillinthefollowingblanks WordWeb ForeverFriends MarkK Smith AbouttheAuthor AnEnglishSong SomeFamousFigures Warm upActivity Aristotle Cicero defeat settle harmony unityandpeace cheers BeforeReading 2 3 We retogetherhereto ForeverfriendsYou llmeetall seeyou veneverseen Peoplefrompartsoftheworldwhereyou veneverbeen Andyou llfeelitinyourheart WespenttoomuchtimeThisisthetimewhenalldreamsofman ForeverfriendsInAsthewholeworldjoinsandseesDaysof ForeverthroughtheyearsWe llhearthe Joyandlaughtereverywhere We retogetherheretoForeverfriends WordWeb ForeverFriends MarkK Smith AbouttheAuthor AnEnglishSong SomeFamousFigures Warm upActivity Aristotle Cicero share races faces apart comealive harmony unityandpeace cheers share BeforeReading 2 4 NomatterwhereweareorgoNomatterwhatweorknowNomatterhowwewordourThereisonedreamweshare ForeverfriendsInAsthewholeworldjoinsandseesDaysof ForeverthroughtheyearsWe llhearthe Joyandlaughtereverywhere We retogetherheretoOneworldonedream ForeverfriendsInharmony ForeverfriendsOnedreamwedreamOneworldweshare WordWeb ForeverFriends AnEnglishSong SomeFamousFigures Warm upActivity Aristotle Cicero hopefor unityandpeace prayer harmony cheers share Chineselyrics 中文歌词 Abouttheauthor seetextbookpage8艾奥瓦州 Iowa 又译爱荷华州 爱阿华州 衣阿华州 是美国50个联邦州份之一 位于该国中西部境内的大平原地区 被列为美国居住最安全的州之一 其首府为得梅因 格拉斯哥 Glasgow 是苏格兰第一大城市与第一大商港 英国第三大城市 位于中苏格兰西部的克莱德河 R Clyde 河口 BeforeReading 5 1 Directions Listentothepassageandfillintheblanks after classassignment Thentrytoanswerthefollowingquestions 1 Whatcanaforeverfrienddoforyou 2 Haveyouclassifiedyourfriendsintodifferentgroups Ifyes howdoyouclassifythem 3 Whatcanwedotokeepfriendshipaslongaspossible WordWeb ForeverFriends AbouttheAuthor AnEnglishSong BeforeReading 5 2 Sometimesinlife youfindafriend Someonewhochangesyourlifejustbybeingapartofit Someonewhountilyoucan tstop Someonewhomakesyoubelievethattherereallyisgoodintheworld Someonewhoyouthattherereallyisanunlockeddoorjustwaitingforyoutoopenit Thisisforeverfriendship Whenyou redown WordWeb ForeverFriends AbouttheAuthor AnEnglishSong andtheworldseemsdarkandempty yourforeverfriendliftsyouupinspiritandmakesthatdarkandemptyworldsuddenlyseem Yourforeverfriendgetsyouthroughthehardtimes thetimesandthetimes Ifyouturnandwalkaway yourforeverfriendfollows Ifyouloseyourway yourforeverfriendyouandcheersyouon Yourforeverfriendholdsyourhandandtellsyouthateverythingisgoingtobeokay Andifyoufindsuchafriend youfeelhappyandcompletebecauseyouneednotworry Youhaveaforeverfriend andforeverhasnoend BeforeReading 5 2 Sometimesinlife youfindaspecialfriend Someonewhochangesyourlifejustbybeingapartofit Someonewhomakesyoulaughuntilyoucan tstop Someonewhomakesyoubelievethattherereallyisgoodintheworld Someonewhoconvincesyouthattherereallyisanunlockeddoorjustwaitingforyoutoopenit Thisisforeverfriendship Whenyou redown WordWeb ForeverFriends AbouttheAuthor AnEnglishSong andtheworldseemsdarkandempty yourforeverfriendliftsyouupinspiritandmakesthatdarkandemptyworldsuddenlyseembrightandfull Yourforeverfriendgetsyouthroughthehardtimes thesadtimesandtheconfusedtimes Ifyouturnandwalkaway yourforeverfriendfollows Ifyouloseyourway yourforeverfriendguidesyouandcheersyouon Yourforeverfriendholdsyourhandandtellsyouthateverythingisgoingtobeokay Andifyoufindsuchafriend youfeelhappyandcompletebecauseyouneednotworry Youhaveaforeverfriend andforeverhasnoend Friendshipisaneternal 永恒的 theme 主题 inhumanhistory Alifewithoutfriendshipishardtoimagine Butwhatisfriendship Readthefollowingtextandseeifyoucangainsomenewinsightsintothetruemeaningoffriendship DetailedReading t0 DetailedReading Whenweapproachthenotionoffriendship ourfirstproblemisthatthereisalackofsociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend Inonesetting wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend inanother thelabelmayseemlessappropriate Therefore peopletendtohaveaverythinunderstandingofwhatfriendshipreallymeans Tohelpusunderstandwhatfriendshipreallymeans weneedtoreviewsomeclassicalviewsoffriendship OneclassicalviewoffriendshipisprovidedbyAristotle thefamousancientGreekphilosopher Aristotledistinguishesbetweenwhathebelievestobegenuinefriendshipsandtwootherforms onebasedonmutualusefulness theotheronpleasure So accordingtoAristotle wemayfindthreekindsoffriendship WhatIsFriendship MicheleE Doyle MarkK Smith DetailedReading t1 DetailedReading 3 Friendshipbasedonutility Utilityisanimpermanentthing itchangesaccordingtocircumstances Whenthegroundforfriendshipdisappears thefriendshipalsobreaksup Friendshipsofthiskindseemtooccurmostfrequentlybetweentheelderly becauseattheiragewhattheywantis DetailedReading t2 DetailedReading notpleasurebututility Friendshipsbasedonutilityarealsofrequentlyfoundamongthoseinmiddleorearlylifewhoarepursuingtheirownadvantage Suchpersonsdonotspendmuchtimetogether becausesometimestheydonotevenlikeoneanother andthereforefeelnoneedofsuchanassociationunlesstheyaremutuallyuseful Theytakepleasureineachother scompanyonlyinsofarastheyhavehopesofadvantagefromit themoment Astheygrowup however theirtasteschangetoo sothattheyarequicktomakeandtobreakfriendships Thatiswhytheyfallinandoutoffriendshipquickly changingtheirattitudeoften evenwithinthesameday DetailedReading t3 DetailedReading 4 Friendshipbasedonpleasure Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure becausethelivesoftheyoungareregulatedbytheirfeelings andtheirchiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityof 5 Friendshipbasedongoodness Perfectfriendshipisbasedongoodness Onlythefriendshipofthosewhoaregood andsimilarintheirgoodness isperfect Theconductofgoodmenisthesameorsimilar Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfoundandinthehighestform Suchfriendshipsarerareandtheyneedtimeandintimacy goodnessn 1 表示惊讶 天哪 啊呀Peoplesometimessay goodness or mygoodness toexpresssurprise forgoodnesssake thankgoodness Mygoodness he searnedmillionsinhiscareer 我的天哪 他干那一行已挣了好几百万了 2 善良 美德Goodnessisthequalityofbeingkind helpful andhoness Heretainsafaithinhumangoodness 他依然相信人是善良的 6 AnotherclassicalviewoffriendshipcanbefoundinthewritingsofCicero anancientRomanstatesmanandorator AccordingtoCicero truefriendshipisonlypossiblebetweengoodmen Hefurtherdefines thegood as thosewhoseactionsandlivesleavenoquestionastotheirhonor purity equity andliberality whoarefreefromgreed lust andviolence andwhohavethecourageoftheirconvictions Thefriendshipbetweengoodmen basedonvirtue doesoffermaterialbenefits butitdoesnotseekthem Allhumanbeingsarebondedtogetherinacommunityofsharedreason Therefore infriendships forasthesayinggoes truefriendsmustgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether Andnotwopersonscanaccepteachotherandbecomefriendsuntileachhasprovedtotheotherthatheisworthyoflove andsowonhistrust Thewishforfriendshipmaydeveloprapidly buttruefriendshipdoesnot DetailedReading t4 DetailedReading 7 Thus wemayseethatthetraditionalideaoffriendshipismadeupofthreecomponents Friendsmustenjoyeachother scompany theymustbeusefultooneanother andtheymustshareacommitmenttothegood Accordingtotheclassicalviews virtuousfriendsareboundtogether astheyrecognizeeachother smoralexcellence DetailedReading t5 DetailedReading andrelationships thosewhopossessanysuperioritymustregardthemselvesasequalsofthosewhoarelessfortunate Itisvirtuethatcreatesandpreservestruefriendship DetailedReading t6 DetailedReading Toperceiveafriend therefore istoperceiveoneself andtoknowafriendistoknowoneself Eachcanbesaidtoprovideamirrorinwhichtheothermayseehimself Throughnetworksofsuchvirtuousfriends wecandevelopasharedideaofthegoodandpursueittogether Friendshipofthiskindispermanent becauseinitareunitedalltheattributesthatfriendsoughttopossess GlobalReading 1 Parts Para s MainIdeas 1 2 1 2 5 It snecessarytoreviewsomeclassicalviewsoffriendshipinordertoacquireabetterunderstandingofit AccordingtoAristotle therearethreekindsoffriendship whicharerespectivelybasedonutility pleasureandgoodness Friendshipbasedongoodnessisperfectandtotallydifferentfromfriendshipbasedonutilityorpleasure 3 6 AccordingtoCicero truefriendshipisonlypossiblebetweengoodmenanditisvirtuethatcreatesandpreservestruefriendship 4 7 Friendshipispermanentbetweenvirtuouspeoplewhoshareacommitmenttothegoodortowhatismorallyrightorworthyofpraise TrueorFalse PartDivisionoftheText QuestionsandAnswers Discussion FurtherUnderstanding Interview GlobalReading 2 1 1 Whatarethepossiblecriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend PartDivisionoftheText Discussion Theyarecaring commonality companionship intimacyetc 2 Whydopeoplehavelittleknowledgeaboutwhatfriendshipreallymeans Therearenocommonlyacceptedcriteriafordefiningwhatfriendshipreallymeans Interview TrueorFalse QuestionsandAnswers FurtherUnderstanding GlobalReading 2 2 Accordingtoancientscholars friendshipcanbeclassifiedintothreedifferenttypes Friendshipbetweentheyoungismucheasiertochangethanthatbetweentheelderly Peoplelinkedbyfriendship whichisbasedonutility staytogetheronlywhentheyaremutuallyuseful Timeandintimacyarethetwoprerequisitesforthedevelopmentoftruefriendship Inordertopreservetruefriendship peopleinacommunityshouldmaintaintheequalrelationshipbetweeneachother 1 2 3 4 5 No WemayfindthreekindsoffriendshipaccordingtoAristotle No Boththefriendshipbasedonutilityandthatonpleasurearechangeableregardlessoftheage F T F T T PartDivisionoftheText Discussion Interview TrueorFalse QuestionsandAnswers FurtherUnderstanding GlobalReading 3 Workinagroupoffour SupposeonestudentisareporterfromtheuniversityTVstation Nowheorshehasaninterviewwithalltheotherthreestudentsaboutthequestion Whatisfriendshipbasedon Partoftheinterviewshouldbebasedonthetext Aftertheinterviewthereporterineachgroupshouldsummarizeandpresentdifferentopinionsinthegrouptothewholeclass Directions 1 Expressyouropinionswithproperlanguageandmanners 2 Makeyouranswersconciseandpertinent 3 Supportyourargumentwithrelevantexamples 4 Makeaclearsummaryofdifferentopinionsbynotingdownthekeywordsandoutliningtheideasputforwardduringtheinterview PartDivisionoftheText Discussion Interview TrueorFalse QuestionsandAnswers FurtherUnderstanding GlobalReading 4 PartDivisionoftheText Discussion Interview Accordingtotheclassicalviews virtuousfriendsareboundtogether Whataboutpeoplewithoutvirtues Doyouagreethatpeopleofthesamekindgathertogetherandbecomefriends Pleasegiveexamplestosupportyouranswer TrueorFalse QuestionsandAnswers FurtherUnderstanding 1 Whatare sociallyacknowledgedcriteria Whenweapproachthenotionoffriendship ourfirstproblemisthatthereisalackofsociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend DetailedReading t1 When DetailedReading Sociallyacknowledgedcriteria areestablishedstandardsthatareacceptedbyallthepeopleinthesociety 2 Translatethissentence 我们探讨友谊这个概念时 遇到的第一个问题是 没有社会公认的择友标准 Inonesetting wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend inanother thelabelmayseemlessappropriate DetailedReading t1 Inonesetting Whatdoesthissentenceimply Thecriteriaforfriendshipvaryfromsettingtosetting DetailedReading Theytakepleasureineachother scompanyonlyinsofarastheyhavehopesofadvantagefromit DetailedReading t2 They 1 Dotheyenjoybeingtogetherpurelybecausetheylikeeachother No theyaretogetherjustbecausetheyexpecttobenefitfromtheirrelationship DetailedReading 2 Translatethissentence 只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候 才会乐于呆在一起 Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure becausethelivesoftheyoungareregulatedbytheirfeelings andtheirchiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityofthemoment DetailedReading t3 Friendship 1 Whatdoyoungpeoplecaremostwhenmakingfriends Theycaremostabouttheirownfeelings theirownpleasureandwhetherthereisanimportantopportunityatthepresenttime DetailedReading 2 Translatethissentence 年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的 因为年轻人的生活受感情支配 他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会 Thatiswhytheyfallinandoutoffriendshipquickly changingtheirattitudeoften evenwithinthesameday DetailedReading t3 Thatis Whatcanweinferfromthissentence Youngpeople sfriendshipistemporary becausetheattitudetheyholdtofriendshipisalwayschanging DetailedReading Onlythefriendshipofthosewhoaregood andsimilarintheirgoodness isperfect DetailedReading t3 Thatis 1 Whatdoesthissentenceimply Perfectfriendshipexistsonlybetweenpeoplewhoareequallygood DetailedReading 2 Translatethissentence 只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相似美德的人之间的友谊才是完美的 Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfoundandinthehighestform DetailedReading t3 Itisbetween Paraphrasethissentence Loveandfriendshiparemainlyfoundbetweengoodpeopleandtheloveandfriendshipareofthebestquality DetailedReading Andnotwopersonscanaccepteachotherandbecomefriendsuntileachhasprovedtotheotherthatheisworthyoflove andsowonhistrust DetailedReading t4 Andno 1 Howcantwopersonsbecomerealfriends Onlywheneachhasprovedthathedeservestheloveoftheotherandthushaswontheother strust DetailedReading 2 Translatethissentence 只有当两个人互相证明自己值得爱并赢得对方的信任之后 彼此方能接受对方为朋友 Hefurtherdefines thegood as thosewhoseactionsandlivesleavenoquestionastotheirhonor purity equity andliberality whoarefreefromgreed lust andviolence andwhohavethecourageoftheirconvictions DetailedReading t4 Hefurther 1 Whatdoestheexpression havethecourageoftheirconvictions mean Itmeans bebraveenoughtosayandactonwhattheythinkisrighteventhoughotherpeoplemaynotagreeorapprove DetailedReading 2 Translatethissentence 他进而将 好人 定义为 那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉 纯洁 公平和开明的人 那些摆脱了贪婪 欲念和暴力的人 那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人 andtheymustshareacommitmenttothegood DetailedReading t5 andthey Paraphrasethissentence andtheybothmustdevotethemselvestopursuingwhatismorallyrightorworthyofpraise DetailedReading notion n anidea belieforconcept DetailedReading t1 notion1 Ourmanagementsystemisbasedonthenotionsofpersonalequalityandliberty DetailedReading Shehasnonotionofthedifficultyofthisproblem 她不了解这个问题的难处 我们的管理体系是基于人的平等观念和自由观念而建立的 criterion n astandardbywhichsth isjudged DetailedReading t1 criterion DetailedReading Thecompany scriterionforsuccessishighsales 对一些出版商而言 评判一本书是否畅销的标准是长度而非内容 Tosomepublishers thecriterionofabookwhichwillsellwellislengthratherthancontent 这两个名词均含 标准 之意 指公认的衡量事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则 例如 较正式 指判断 评价事物的标准 但不一定制成了规章 例如 Allrestaurantsinthetownwithalowstandardofhygienehavebeenforcedtoclose 城里所有卫生水准低的餐馆都被迫关门了 Whatarethecriteriafordecidingwhogetstheprize 以什么作标准评定获奖者 appropriate adj DetailedReading t1 appropriate correctorsuitableforaparticularsituationoroccasion DetailedReading Suitsarealwaysappropriateforajobinterview Hisformalstyleofspeakingwasappropriatetotheoccasion 他郑重其事的说话方式适合该场合 thin adj DetailedReading t1 thin nothavingthenecessaryqualitiestogaintheintendedresult DetailedReading Histhinattemptsurelyresultedinnothing 书评家认为她最近写的那部小说没什么意思 Thecriticsfoundherlatestnovelratherthin classical adj DetailedReading t1 classical basedonorbelongingtoanoldorestablishedsystemofprinciplesormethods e g inartorscience 形式 风格或内容 传统的 正统的 古典的 DetailedReading Someclassicalliberalsmaketheruleoflawtheircentraldoctrine一些传统的自由主义者将法治作为其中心教条 他将前往中国去研究中国古典诗歌 HeisgoingtoChinatostudyChineseclassicalpoetry distinguishbetween DetailedReading t1 distinguishbetween torecognizedifferencesbetween DetailedReading Thetwinsaresoalikethatnoonecandistinguishbetweenthem 不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲 Peoplewhocannotdistinguishbetweencolorsaresaidtobecolor blind utility n 1 thequalityorconditionofbeinguseful usefulness实用 效用 功用 DetailedReading t2 utility DetailedReading 2 Autilityisanimportantservicesuchaswater electricity orgasthatisprovidedforeveryone andthateveryonepaysfor公用事业Asproductionincreased theutilitycostcouldgouptoo 随着生产的增加 其公用事业费也将上升 祖母总是怀疑洗碟机的实用价值 Grandmahasalwaysdoubtedtheutilityvalueofadishwasher Beliefintheutilityofhighereducationissharedbystudentsnationwide 全国的学生都相信高等教育是有用的 ground n reason s orjustificationforsaying doingorbelievingsth DetailedReading t2 ground DetailedReading Shecan taccepthisgroundfordivorce Hehasbeenfiredfromthejobonthegroundsofincompetence agound groundsfor 的理由on the groundsof 基于 的原因onthegroundsthat 因为 Patterns breakup DetailedReading t2 breakup tocomeorbringtoanend especiallybyseparating DetailedReading Theirmarriageeventuallybrokeupduetolackofcommunication 警察及时赶到酒吧结束了这场打斗 Policearrivedatthebarintimeandbrokeupthefight pursue vt DetailedReading t2 pursue trytoachievesth continuesteadilywith carryon DetailedReading Shedecidedtopursueherstudiesafterobtainingherfirstdegree 老板决定不再追查那事 Ourbosshasdecidednottopursuethematteranyfurther 她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造 pursuesb 追求某人pursueavocation从事一份职业pursueahobby从事一项爱好pursueagoal追求一个目标 Collocations takepleasurein doing sth DetailedReading t2 takepleasure toenjoy doing sth DetailedReading Theaudiencetookpleasureinwatchingthegracefulskaters dancing 老人很享受回忆往事 Theoldmantakespleasureinrememberingthepast insofaras DetailedReading t2 insofaras tothedegreethat DetailedReading Theymovedtothedowntownareainsofarastheycouldspendlesstimeonthewaytowork 为了能有所发现 他仍然坚持在这一领域的研究 Hestillcontinuedhisresearchinthisfieldinsofarashecouldmakesomediscoveries regulate vt 控制 管理 调节 调整 DetailedReading t3 regulate DetailedReading tocontrol especiallybyrules tobringorderormethodto Sweatingcanhelptoregulatethebody stemperature 出汗有助于调节体温 长寿的人通常饮食习惯有规律 Thosewhoenjoyalonglifeusuallyregulatetheireatinghabits Wagesandworkinghoursareregulatedbyaseriesoflaws regulatethetraffic管理交通regulateexpenditure控制费用regulatethespeed调整速度regulateaclock校对时钟regulatefoodsupplies调节食物供应 Collocations asto DetailedReading t4 asto DetailedReading onthesubjectof concerning Wearepuzzledastohowtheaccidenthappened 关于事故是如何发生的我们很迷惑 在记者招待会上他拒绝就此事发表任何评论 Herefusedtomakeanycommentsastothiseventatthepressconference Heisveryuncertainastowhetherit stherightjobforhim equity n DetailedReading t4 equity DetailedReading thestate quality oridealofbeingjust impartial andfair Thejudgmentarousedpeople sangerforitslackofequity 大家都同意裁判员的公正裁判 Theequityofthereferee sdecisionwasacceptedbyeveryone liberality n DetailedReading t4 liberality DetailedReading thequalityorstateofbeingliberalorgenerous Hewasamanofextraordinaryvigourandliberalityofmind 他是个生气勃勃和思想非常开朗的人 一个慷慨的人