考研备考辅导考研英语阅读综合辅导― 医学类02

考研英语阅读综合辅导 医学类医学类题目序号 题型归类 第1题 审题定位题型 第2题 细节推导题型 第3题 句间关系题型 第4题 细节推导题型 第5题 词汇题型The complications frequently accompanying diabetes, such as impairment of vision and of kidney function, are now thought to result from the lack of continuous control of blood glucose concentrations. The healthy pancreas, in response to increases in blood glucose concentration, releases small quantities of insulin throughout the day and thereby maintains the concentration within physiological limits (nomoglycemia). But the diabetic generally receives only one large dose daily. The diabetics blood glucose concentration can thus fluctuate greatly during the interval between doses, and it has been suggested that the complication result from the periods of high concentrations of blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Many investigators thus believe that restoration of normoglycemia might halt the progression of such complications and perhaps even reverse them.There are three primary techniques that have been investigated for restoration of normoglycemia. They are: transplantation of whole, healthy pancreases; transplantation of islets of Langerthan, that portion of the pancreas that actually secretes insulin, and implantation of artificial pancreases. There has, in fact been a great deal of success in the development of these techniques and each seems, on the whole, promising. Nonetheless, it will undoubtedly be many years before any one of them is accepted as a treatment for diabetes.To many people, the obvious approach would seem to be simply to transplant pancreases from cadavers in the same manner that kidneys and other organs are routinely transplanted. That was the rationale in 66 when the first recorded pancreas was performed. Between 60 and 75, there were forty-six pancreas transplants in forty-five other patients in the United States and five other countries. But only one of these patients is still alive with a functioning graft and surgeons have found that the procedure is not simple as they once thought.The surviving patient has required no insulin since the operation. Another patient survived 638 days without requiring insulin. And one patient survived a transplantation for more than a year, but died when he chose not to take immunosuppressive drugs. These results, though meager, suggest that the procedure has the potential for success.The rest of the patients, however, either rejected the transplant or died within a short period. There does not appear to be any technical problem with the procedure. Rather, most of the patients were already so severely debilitated by the complications of diabetes that they could not withstand the surgery and the immunosuppressive regimen required to prevent rejection. More than half of the patients, furthermore, also required a kidney transplant. Most investigators now agree that the simultaneous transplantation of both organs is too great a shock to the patient and greatly increases the total risk.1.Which of the following best states one of the main conclusions of the text? A Although the techniques for pancreas transplants appear to be theoretically correct, there are problems that must be solved before the operation can be used as a treatment for diabetes. B Although the techniques for pancreas transplants are still being developed, the experimental results show that the operation will be a successful treatment for diabetes in the near future. C Although pancreas transplants are reliable, many diabetics are reluctant to undergo the operation because of the side effects of immunosuppressive drugs. D Although pancreas transplants alone are not generally successful, the operation can be used in conjunction with other procedures to treat diabetes.2.According to the text, widely spaced doses of insulin can cause A reversal of normal kidney function. B delay in the onset of diabetes. C radical changes in the concentration of blood glucose. D restoration of normoglycemia.3.According to the text, a periodic high concentration of blood glucose in diabetics is a possible cause of A deterioration of the pancreas. B damage to the eyes and kidneys. C rejection of transplanted organs. D inadequate secretion of insulin.4.It can be inferred from the text that one of the important contributing causes of the failure of most pancreas transplants has been the A reluctance of patients to cooperate with physicians. B imperfect techniques used in the operation. C scarcity of immunosuppressive drugs. D weakened condition of the patients.5.The text suggests that the author considers the data concerning the success of pancreas transplants to be A invalid. B indirect. C inaccurate. D insufficient.答案与考点解析1.【答案】A【考点解析】本题是一道审题定位题。本题的题干比较奇怪，没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文中的确切位置。在大多数情况下，考生会迷失解题思路。我们一再重申：考生在迷失解题思路时一定要多想一想全文的中心主旨句，以及各段的主题句。本文的中心主旨句是第二段的尾句，本题的正确选项A恰恰是来自于本句。这再次说明我们在迷失解题思路时应该首先想到全文的中心主旨句或每段的主题句。2.【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。通过本题题干中的“widely spaced doses of insulin”可将本题的答案信息确定在首段的第三、四句。因为这两句话提到了“doses of insulin”。通过仔细阅读和理解第三、四句，就可推导出本题的正确选项C。考生在解题时一定要善于理解和把握题干和原文所进行的同义词替换。3.【答案】B【考点解析】这是一道句间关系题。通过题干中的“periodic high concentration”可将本题的答案信息迅速确定在第一段的第四句。通过仔细阅读和理解第四句，尤其是把第四句中的“complication”和第一句中的“complications”进行连贯的理解，就可推导出本题的正确选项B。考生在解题时要善于发现和理解句子之间的关系。4.【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。通过题干中的“failure”一词可推断本题的正确答案信息在倒数第二段尾句的前后，因为该句所谈论的中心话题是“success”。又根据题干中的“most”一词将本题的答案信息确定在尾段的第三句，因为该句中含有“most”一词。通过阅读和理解尾段第三句，可推导出本题的正确答案是D。考生在解题时要注意灵活理解题干和原文所表达的内容，千万不能生硬地进行理解。5.【答案】D【考点解析】本文是一道词汇理解题。本题题干中的“success”将本题的答案信息确定在倒数第二段的尾句。该句中的“meager”（不足的，贫乏的）暗示本题的正确选项是D。考生在解题时一定要对关键词加以重视并进行合理的推断。参考译文通常与糖尿病相伴的并发症，如视力和肾功能的损害，现在被认为是由于无法连续控制血液中的葡萄糖浓度所导致的。健康的胰脏，在血糖浓度增加时，会在整个白天不断地释放出少量的胰岛素，从而使血糖浓度维持在生理限度之内（正常血糖量）。但是糖尿病患者一般是每天得到一次大剂量胰岛素的注射。这样在两次注射之间，糖尿病患者的血糖浓度会发生很大波动，而且目前已被指出，并发症可能就是源于这些高血糖浓度时期（高血糖）。因此，许多研究人员相