职称英语考试-备考辅导-职称英语卫生类阅读理解例题精讲(2)

职称英语卫生类阅读理解例题精讲(2)Kidney disease and heart disease spur each otherHearts and kidneys; If ones diseased, better keep a close eye on the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction，tooThe work, from two studies involving over 50,000 patients, promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25, something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. “The average patients knows their cholesterol,” says Dr. Peter McCullough, preventive medicine chief at Michigans William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of their kidney function.”Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic, many of the million Americans estimated to have it dont know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms arent obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis, the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidney disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isnt widely known. Indeed, the new research is highlighted in this months Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously checking out the kidneys, and for better care of early kidney disease.The link sounds logical. After all , high blood pressure and diabetes are chief risk factors both chronic kidney disease and heart attacks. But the link goes beyond those risk factors, stresses McCullough; Once the kidneys begin to fail, something in turn accelerates disease, not just in the obviously sick or very old, but at what he calls a shockingly age. McCullough and colleagues tracked more than 37, 000 relatively young people -rage age 53 - who volunteered for a kidney screening. Three markers of kidney function were checked: The rate at which kidneys filter blood, called the GFR or glomerular filtration rate t; levels of the protein albumin in the urine; and if they were anemic. They also were asked about previously diagnosed heart disease.The odds of having heart disease rose steadily as each of the striking markers were worsened. More striking was the death data. At this age, few deaths are people died during the study period. But those who had both CKD and known heart disease had a threefold increased risk of death in a mere 2 1/2 years, mostly from heart problems. “This study is very much a wake-up call,” McCullough says.1. How can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease?A By cholesterol checks.B By urine and blood tests.C By keeping a close eye on ones kidneys.D By measuring the volume of urine output.2. How many Americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation?A ,000,000 B 400,000 C 50,000 D 37, 0003. How many Americans suffered end-stage kidney failure and required dialysis or a transplant to survive twenty years ago according to an estimation?A 400,000. B 300,000. C 200,000. D 0，000.4. What did the Archives of Internal Medicine call for doctors caring for heart patients to do?A To examine their patients heart function carefully.B To have their patients chests X-rayed regularly.C To select volunteers from their patients for a kidney screening.D To start rigorously checking out their patients kidneys.5. Which of the following is NOT one of the three markers of kidney function?A Levels of the protein albumin in the urine.B Levels of the white blood cells in the blood.C The rate at which kidneys filter blood.D. whether one is anemic or not答案与解析：1.分析文章标题：Kidney(肾) disease(疾病) and heart disease spur(刺激) each other(彼此)2.直接解题：1. How can one learn(了解) earlier(更早地) whether(是否) he or she suffer(患) simmering(慢慢形成的) kidney(肾) disease?A By cholesterol(胆固醇) checks(检查).B By urine(尿) and blood(血) tests(检查).C By keeping a close eye on (密切关注)ones kidneys.D By measuring(测量) the volume(量) of urine output(输出).1.B.利用问题句中的细节信息结构及备选项中的细节信息结构(放在方框里的结构)共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：Hearts and kidneys; If ones diseased, better keep a close eye on the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction，too(第2段)The work, from two studies(研究) involving(包括) over 50,000 patients(病人), promises(承诺，有希望) to boost(推进， 加强) efforts(努力) to diagnose(诊断) simmering kidney disease earlier. All it (考点词)takes(采用) are urine and blood tests that cost (花费)less than (少于) $ 25, something (提议者)want to become as routine(常规的) as cholesterol checks. “The average patients knows their cholesterol,” says Dr. Peter McCullough, preventive medicine chief at Michigans William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of their kidney function.”Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic, many of the million Americans estimated to have it dont know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms arent obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.1.B. 第2段第1句和第2句说2. How many (多少)Americans(美国人) suffer(患) chronic(慢性的) kidney disease according to (根据)an estimation(估计)?A ,000,000 B 400,000 C 50,000 D 37, 0002.A. 利用问题句中的细节信息结构(chronic kidney disease)及备选项中的数字共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：(第一题答案相关句)The work, from two studies involving over 50,000 patients, promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25, something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. “The average patients knows their cholesterol,” says Dr. Peter McCullough, preventive medicine chief at Michigans William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of their kidney function.”Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet(安静的) epidemic(流行病), many of the million Americans estimated(估计) to have(患) it dont know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms arent obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.第3段段首句说：在估计患有慢性病肾病的1，900万美国人中很多人不知道自己患有该病， 因此选项A是正确答案。3. How many Americans suffered(患) end-stage(中晚期) kidney failure(衰竭) and required dialysis(透析) or a transplant(移植) to survive(生存) twenty years ago(以前) according to an estimation(估计， 预算)?A 400,000. B 300,000. C 200,000. D 0，000.3.D. 利用问题句中的细节信息结构(end-stage kidney failure, twenty years ago)及备选项中的数字共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：(第2题答案相关句)Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic, many of the million Americans estimated to have it dont know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms arent obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising(出现，上升) fast, with 400,000 people requiring(要求) dialysis (透析)or transplant(移植) to survive, a toll(数字) that has doubled(翻倍， 使加倍) in each of (每个的)the last(过去的) two decades().第3段最后一句说“中晚期肾衰竭迅速发展，有40万人需要肾透析或肾移植才能生存下来， 这个数字是在近20年中每年翻一番而形成的”，由此可计算出20年以前患肾衰竭的病人人数为40万/4 = 万。4. What did the Archives of Internal Medicine (内科医学档案)call for (要求)doctors caring for (照顾)heart patients to do?A To examine(检查) their patients heart function(功能) carefully(仔细地).B To have their patients chests X-rayed(让.被拍摄X 光) regularly(定期地).C To select(挑选) volunteers (志愿者)from their patients(病人) for a kidney screening(透视).D To start(开始) rigorously(严格地) checking out (检查)their patients kidneys(肾).4.D. 利用问题句中的特征结构(Archives of Internal Medicine)作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic, many of the million Americans estimated to have it dont know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms arent obvious until the organs are very damaged.(第3题答案相关句) End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis, the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidney disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isnt widely known. Indeed(的确，确实), the new research(研究) is highlighted (使突出)in this months Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for (要求)doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously (严格地)checking out (检查)the kidneys, and for better care of (照顾， 检查)early(早期的) kidney disease(疾病 ).第4段最后一句说“内科档案杂志号召为心脏病人治病的医生要开始严格地检查病人的肾”，因此D是答案。5. Which of the following is NOT one of the three markers(标志) of kidney function(功能)?A Levels(水平， 含量) of the protein(蛋白质) albumin(白蛋白) in the urine(尿).B Levels of the white blood cells(白细胞) in the blood(血液).C The rate(比率) at which kidneys filter(渗透) blood.D. whether (是否)one is anemic(贫血的) or not5.B. 利用问题句中出现的涉及到数字的细节信息结构(three markers of kidney function)作为答案线索， 同时关注备选项中的词语/结构是否在答案线索结构所在的语句中， 或答案线索结构所在的周边的语句中出现了：And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis, the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidney disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isnt widely known.(第4题答案相关句) Indeed, the new research is highlighted in this months Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously checking out the kidneys, and for better care of early kidney disease.The link sounds logical. After all , high blood pressure and diabetes are chief