马云领导学论文英文版.docx

LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF MA YUN15AbstractThis paper is about the leadership analysis of Ma Yun.At the beginning of the paper,it talks about the background of Ma Yun, his pioneering work, the growth of Alibaba and Ma Yuns latest situation. Then, it would introduce his leadership behaviors. There are two main behaviors which are obvious on him. It contains supportive leadership behavior and charismatic leadership behavior. According to his leadership traits and behaviors, I evaluate the effectiveness if his leadership applies to the hospitality industry. The conclusion about what I learned during the process of researching will be presented at the ending of the paper.Key words: Ma Yun,Alibaba, leadership, hospitality industryContentsI. Abstract1II. A Brief Introduction of Ma Yuns Life Experience1From teacher to businessmen 1Development of his career 2Founder of Alibaba 3The resignation of CEO4III. The Leadership Traits of Ma Yun 4Self-confidence 4Persistence5Fluency of speech 6Integrity 7IV. The Leadership Behaviors of Ma Yun 7Supportive Leadership Behaviors 7Charismatic Leadership Behaviors 8V. Apply Ma Yuns Leadership Style into Hospitality Industry 9Put employee in the first place 9Innovation 10Conclusion 11Reference 12Leadership Analysis of Ma YunThe reason why I choose Ma Yun as my leader is simple. I read anarticletalking about him on amagazine in high school. At that time I was interested in commerce. Until now I still have a strong interest in electronic commerce, and open the Taobao shop and micro shop when I was a sophomore. During this process, I also realized the importance of business opportunities, supply channels and innovation.Iamdeeplyimpressedby his business acumen and personal charisma. Ma Yunis a Chinese entrepreneur and philanthropist and also is the founder and Chief Executive Officer ofAlibaba Group. He is the first Chinese entrepreneur that has ever appeared on the cover ofForbes from mainland. In America financial magazine “Fortune” published in 2014 March, he was honored by one of the “50 greatest leaders around the world”. In addition, Ma also serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Yahoo China. On May 10 in 2013, Ma retired from Alibaba Group as CEO. On September 23,2014, Ma Yun became the richest one in China by the fortune with $ 150 million, whose wealth had been increased by 5 times compared with that in 2013.Ma was ranked first in 2014 Forbes China Rich List and Hurun Philanthropy List.(Bai,2014)From the teacher to the businessmenIn 1964, Ma Yun was born in an ordinary family in Hangzhou. When he was a child, he does not like study, and also is a skip class student in the eyes of the teacher. His transformation is started when he entering Hangzhou Normal University with English major. From that time on, he desperately learned English. Because he wants to know what things he doesnt know in the other side of the ocean.In 1988, Ma Yun graduated from the University, he came to Hangzhou to teach foreign languages in Electronic Industry College which is his first job. His monthly salary is about 110 Yuan. At the same time, he used his spare time to do much part-time jobs, such the guide for the foreign tourists. The first English corner in West Lake side is initiated by Ma Yun.In 1992, Ma Yun and his friends established the earliest professional translation named Haibo translation agency in Hangzhou. Each months revenue is only 200 Yuan, But the leasing fee has been pay off 700 Yuan. In the first year, the Translation agency was unable to maintain the operation. Ma Yun began to do the business; he sold the gift package, flowers, books, clothes and flashlight. And then he used the money to maintain translation agency. Ma Yun said: The person who really wants to make money cannot takeitmuchtooseriously, if your mind is always thinking of money, you would not get much wealth.In 1995, the translation agency gradually became famous, and an American cooperation Company commissioned him to seek a debt in American. Then everything happened just like in Hollywood movies. The American businessmen wanted to default and pulled out a gun to make Ma Yun locked in the house for two days. Ma Yun was released in panic and anxiety, he lost the luggage and had to earn $600 back home on the casino in Las Vegas.(Liu,2009)Development of careerThe nightmare of trip was over; Ma Yun went back to Hangzhou sadly. Although he had no cent in his pocket, the trip let him found a treasure house in Seattle. It is the first time he used the Internet without any knowledge, and he also makes advertisement for his translation agency on the internet. He sent out the advertisement at 10 a.m., only 2 hours later, he received six emails respectively from the United States, Germany and Japan. These businessmen said this is the first Chinese Website that they have seen. There is big business! At that time, he was aware that the Internet is a gold mine.Ma Yun immediately found a partner, there only has three people add his wife. They had twenty thousand Yuan as the start-up capital. His first Internet Company set up called the Hai Bo network and the product called China yellow pages. This is the first the commercial information website appeared on the Internet in China.At that time, many people still do not know what the Internet is; they thought Ma Yun is a liar. In 1995, he went to the CCTV, a director told reporters: this man does not look like a nice guy! Actually, Ma Yun was called liar “in lot of cities which did not have the Internet. But he is still like a madman to introduce the Internet to people and convince the customers. He reminded himself every day: The Internet is the long running with 3000 meters, which will affect the future of humanity living in 30 years; you have to run fast like a rabbit, also like a turtle with the spiritofperseverance.In 1996, his companys revenue is incredibly reached 7 million Yuan (Wang, 2010)Founder of AlibabaIn ancient mythology, the Alibaba can open the door which will lead to the wealth with a spell sesame, open the door! At the beginning of 1999, he raised 500 thousand yuan, the Alibaba was born in his house. At the start-up stage, Ma Yun commanded that each employee must rent the house within five minutes distance from his home. At that time, the 18 employees kept working day and night. The things make employees happiest is that MaYun cooked the dinner himself and made a table of good dishes for everybody.In the next 6 years, Ma Yun used 6 minutes to persuade Softbank investment Fund Company and got the venture capital investment. Then, many investors joined the Alibaba Company. In 2003, Alibaba launch website for consumer services.Ma yunsetupanonlinepayments system,alipay in2004.Today, even Ma Yun is in his sleeping, Alibaba also could earned 1 million Yuan each day.The Alibaba opens the treasures door with the spell sesame, open the door. in myth. But what is Ma Yuns spell? We could know when we have a look at Ma Yuns spending habits. Although Alibaba has tens of millions of funds, but never make the big advertising promotion, never open the domestic press conference. In company, each page is used by double-sided printing. Until the end of 2007, Alibaba spent the first round of investment; the second round of investment is still not moving. I have strain every nerve to spend money. Ma Yun said, “I has been accustomedtopoverty and leftover moremoneytospendonother importantthings. (Li, 2009) The resignation of CEOOn May 10th2013, Ma Yun as Alibaba Group chief executive announced that he would step down, although he still remains as chairman. It is also a piece of shocking news in China. This year, Ma is 49 years old, but he has been planning for retirement.Ma Yun said that the younger employees are better placed to run the company and he will name the successor by May 10th. Ma said stepping down as a founder CEO is a difficult decision. The shift is a significant one for Alibaba and follows moves announced last week to chop the group into 25 smaller divisions to give managers more flexibility.In September 20, 2014, Alibaba was listed successfully in America with $23833.2billion. So far, Alibaba executive chairman Ma Yun worth reaches $2121.20 billion more than Wang Jianlin and Ma Huateng. As the new richest man in China, he donated 14.5 billion refreshing the charity record and became the new China most generous philanthropist.(Bai,2013)Leadership Traits of Ma YunSelf confidenceThere is no doubt that Ma Yun is self-confident. At the first meeting in Alibaba, Ma Yun have predicted the companys bright future, he required the employee to record the entire process with video which is a historical witness. In 2002, the short message service and gaming unit business appears the tremendous profit space, but Ma Yun still did not change his mind, he insisted on his way in the field of electronic commerce. By the end of 2004, Alibaba won the favor of investors after experienced the setbacks. When all the people think that Alibaba will expand deeply in the field, he suddenly decided to create .Alibaba wouldchallengethe strongestglobal company eBay. The annual revenue of eBay has reached the 7 billion dollar, however Alibaba annual revenue only has billion RMB at that time. Alibaba would fight against eBay, which looks like a myth. “When Ma Yun made this decision, almost all of the people are against it. Alibaba fighting with eBay is crazy, Jin Jianhang said.”But Ma Yun insisted his decision and believed in himself.The confrontation is cruel. In the face of the challenge, many mainstream portal website become a conspiracy to block all publicity channels. In the desperation Taobao only made advertising in buses, elevators, subways and sports events. At this time, Alibabas good luck was coming. When Taobao was attacked seriously, eBay required membership to charge a fee. This gave Taobao the opportunity for counterattack. Ma Yun immediately announced that the Taobao will be free for anyone in the next 3 years.” This news immediately makes the eBay company crumble. Finally eBay was sold to the Tom Online and quitChinamarket. Ma Yun is crazy and self-confidence, but all this successful results are based on his rational analysis. A person that makes once success is accidental, but Ma Yun is successful from Alibaba institution to the todays development. We cannot say that Ma Yun only has boldness and self-confidence; the success must also include intelligence and reason. (Hu, 2011)PersistencePersistence is the necessary quality for most leaders and Ma Yun is not an exception. He is persistent for his business to achieve the success.Ma Yun he clearly knows what he would do. Because of his clear goal, he can stick to the last one when encountered any setbacks. A lot of people are difficult to understand the success of Alibaba, Ma Yun said: Many people are smarter than us, many people work harder than us, why do we succeed? Do we have wealth, but others not have? Of course not. One of the important reasons is that we have the persistence.When Alababa founded in March 1999, Ma Yun said: Even Tyson break me down, if I die, I would jump up and continue to fight!Ma Yun graduated from the Hangzhou Normal University, which sounds like a “unknown the school, his study experience is also bumpy. However, he created the worlds largest e-commerce website. Why? For the failures and setbacks, Ma Yun said: Doing business is very tired; and the business failure rate is very high. Among100 people, 95 people do not know how to die, even did not hear voices when fell to the cliff. There are 4 people that hear a scream when he fell. The remaining one may not know why he is still alive, but also he do not know whether he still live on tomorrow. So failure is common problem that most entrepreneurs have encountered.So Ma claim that young entrepreneurs must never, never give up. This is the only way to win the final victory. (Hu, 2011) Fluency of speechMa Yun is active in the public, he always make the wouderful speech for his personal image. Ma Yuns eloquence is very good. His speech reveals the humor and wisdom. He can express himself with simple words. His words are very encouraging, which let the people to think and to be inspired. Ma internal speech is representative of his speech. In this book, he not only points out that the companys problems, but also makes the development direction of the company. When Ma Yun achieved success, many universities and TV station invited him to make a speech. Every time for his speech the house is full of audience, and theapplauseislongandloud. Many his inspirational quotes inspired the young people who want to startabusiness. As a leader, his speech skills enhance the leadership greatly. When Alibaba was listed in USA, his fluent English in advertising video also impress all the world people. (Liu, 2009)Integrity“For the entrepreneur, the most important and greatest wealth is your integrity. An entrepreneur must have a group of friends; these friends are accumulated by sincerity for you in so many years. Ma Yun warned the young entrepreneurs must be honest. On the TV shows winning in the China, he said, small business success depends on shrewd, meddle level of business success depends on management, but the big business success depends on the integrity. I have always believed, honesty is valuable, it can be turned into money, and honesty is the biggest fortune.(Liu,2013)Leadership Behaviors of Ma YunSupportive Leadership BehaviorsFrom Ma Yuns personality, he is really supportive to his employees. Talent is his capital. If a company gets talents, and it means the company wins market and its future.Ma Yun helped followers develop abilities and careers very much. In the management level, there was a very important work. Ma Yun think, one of the biggest wealth in a business is employees. Alibaba also put the employee at the first place in the company. So he proposed a concept, Invest the money in the employees. He said, We think invest money on employees that instead of putting money in the bank, we believe if employees do not grow, the enterprise is not growing.” Alibaba attached great importance to training people, let the employee more outstanding, let old employees dont fall behind. In order to train employees business ability, Alibaba has created the first enterprise business schoolthe Ali Institute. Ali Institute mainly aims to train staff in continuous exploration and practice. The teaching mode of online training, on-site instruction and training certification has been has been gradually formed. The concept that “No business is difficult in the world” is extended by Alibaba to the education level. (Liu, 2013)He also showed his concern and respected his followers. The most obvious example is happened in the acquisition of the Yahoo. At the beginning, Yahoos Employees did not trust Ma Yun, Ma still treat employees sincerely. He made the N+1 plan for Employees, and used the equity genuinely to retain staff. The results is only 4% of employees chose to leave; most workers are moved by Ma Yun and chose to stay. When Yahoos Staff arrived at Hangzhou, Ma invited them with a sincere heart, even for the employees breakfast staff, he made discussion and adequate preparation. Considering employees living habits, Ma prepare the special breakfast for them. When the train loaded with employees arrived at Hangzhou, each person received a small bag which is filled with two hot steamed stuffed buns, a bottle of milk and napkin. Considering these people travel with long distance, washing is not convenient, small paper bags even has a pack of gum. The breakfast let YAHOO employees feel warm in their heart. Ma Yun really made employees moved, so the employees would be loyal to him. Ma Yun believes that management is not restriction but the truth; he brings employee motivation to develop their potential. For example, the equity incentive as everyone knows, many staff hold the stock of the listing Corporation; the administrative incentives, as long as employee work time is achieved a year and who pass the examination, he are eligible to participate in the internal competition; mail incentive, Ma is good at email, he write to employees and give them various spiritual motivation. For example, the poor happy strategy is in the early starting. One of them has good performance; he would be added up his life. All of them work hard for life longer. (Liu, 2009)Charismatic Leadership Behavior Ma Yun is charismatic, he did something that was great in peoples mind.He advocated moral mission and vision. He always uses simple words to build a development perspective for employees. Ma Yun has a strong sense of mission. He said: “Why would an enterprise survive? Its because of mission. For this point I am confident ; he thought that employee should have it in mind. A person must have great mind, and the mind must contain the sense of mission.Now, Alibaba is the worlds largest B2B e-commerce site, also is the largest C2C electronic commerce website in Chinese. However, Ma Yuns ideal is far more than this. In the next ten years, Alibabas goal is to rank among the top 3 in Global Internet Company. Ma Yun wanted to build the worlds greatest company created by Chinese. Ma Yun attracts talent by his personal leading charm.Cai Chongxin, who helped Alibaba find investment with his own financial contact when Alibaba was in the most difficult situation .Cai Chongxin joining to Alibaba is very dramatic. Because of the work relationship, he came to Alibaba to see about. The purpose is obvious, to find an ideal investment object.Ma Yun talked ab