人教版必修五Unit 1 Great scientist reading1课件（53张）.pptx

unit1 greatscientists expertattendphysicianexposechallengevictim adj 熟练的 经验丰富的n 专家 行家vt 照顾 出席 参加n 医师vt 暴露 揭露 使曝光n 挑战vi 向 挑战n 受害者 absorbsuspectenquiryneighbourhoodseverepump vt 吸收 吸引 使专心vt 怀疑n 被怀疑者 嫌疑犯n 询问n 附近 临近adj 严重的 严厉的n 泵 抽水机vt 用泵 抽 水 foreseeblamepollutehandleannounceinstruct vt 预见 预知n 责备 谴责vt 过失 责备vt 污染 弄脏n 柄 把手vt 处理 操纵vt 宣布 通告vt 命令 指示 教导 expose tolink to 使显露 暴露将 和 联系或连接起来 expressionspreview doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch discussinsmallgroupsthestagesinsettingoutanewscientificidea drawaconclusionthinkofamethodcollectresultsmakeaquestionfindaproblemanalysetheresultfindsupportingevidence pre reading afterreadingthepassageonpage2 putthecorrectstagesintothereadingaboutresearchintoadisease infectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople theyhaveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem peoplemaybeexposedtoinfectiousdisease somayanimals suchasbirdflu aids sarsareinfectiousdiseases infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases choleraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledvibriocholerae itinfectspeople sintestines 肠 causingdiarrheaandlegcramps 抽筋 whatdoyouknowaboutcholera themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminated 污染 withthebacteria choleracanbemild 不严重的 orevenwithoutimmediatesymptoms 症状 butaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment johnsnowdefeats kingcholera reading 7makeaconclusion3thinkofamethod4collectresults2makeaquestion1findaproblem5analysetheresults6findsupportingevidence thestagesinexamininganewscientificidea firstweshouldfindtheproblem then thinkofamethod weshouldcollectasmuchinformationaspossible analyzingresultsisthemostimportantstage beforewemakeaconclusion itisnecessaryforustofindsupportingevidence readthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened johnsnowbegantotesttwotheories anoutbreakofcholerahitlondonin1854 johnsnowmarkedthedeathsonamap heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease johnsnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere kingcholerawasdefeated hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump johnsnowbegantotesttwotheories anoutbreakofcholerahitlondonin1854 johnsnowmarkedthedeathsonamap heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease 1 2 4 7 johnsnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere kingcholerawasdefeated hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump 8 3 6 5 johnsnow 1813 1858 johnsnowwasborninyorkonmarch15th 1813 theoldestofninechildren hisfatherworkedasalaborer whilepoor hisparentsweredeterminedtogivetheirchildrenwhatevereducationalopportunitiestheycouldafford hewaseducatedataprivateschoolinhisnativecityuntiltheageoffourteen whenhewasapprenticed 当学徒 towilliamhardcastle asurgeon 外科医生 livingatnewcastle on tyne afterservingforashorttimeasasurgeonandunqualifiedassistantduringthecholeraepidemicof1831 1982 hebecameinoctober1836astudentatthehunterianschoolofmedicineingreatwindmillstreet london hebegantoattendthemedicalpracticeatthewestminsterhospitalinthefollowingoctober hegraduatedm d oftheuniversityoflondonon20dec 1844 andin1850hewasadmittedalicentiateoftheroyalcollegeofphysicians hedesignedachloroforminhaler 氯仿吸入器 describedinhisbook onchloroformandotheranesthetics publishedin1858 dr snowwasalsoaprominentanesthesiologist 麻醉师 2readthepassageagainandanswerthesequestions 1johnsnowbelievedidea2wasright howdidhefinallyproveit 2doyouthinkjohnsnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap giveareason 3cholerawasa19thcenturydisease whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday 1johnsnowbelievedidea2wasright howdidhefinallyproveit johnsnowfinallyprovedhisideasbecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera collectedinformationandwastotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater 2doyouthinkjohnsnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap giveareason no themaphelpedjohnsnoworganizehisideas hewasabletoidentitythosehouseholdsthathadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater drinkinghabits heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause 3cholerawasa19thcenturydisease whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday threediseases whicharesimilartoday aresars aidsandbirdflu becausetheyareserious haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem whatischolera choleraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledvibriocholerae itinfectspeople sintestines 肠 causingdiarrhea 腹泻 vomitingandlegcramps themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminatedwiththebacteria afteradisaster thisisaveryrealdanger sinceregular cleanwaterandfoodsuppliesareoftenunavailable thediseasecanbespreadevenfurtherbyinfectedpeopleusingalreadydirtywatersourcestocleanthemselvesordisposeofwaste choleracanbemildorevenwithoutsymptoms aseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment thediarrheaandvomitingbroughtonbytheinfectionquicklyleavethebodywithoutenoughfluid thefollowingdehydration 脱水 andshockcankillapersonwithinhours greatbritain germany deathoffirstcholeracaseinlondonduringthe1848 49epidemic london previouscholeraepidemicingreatbritainin1831 32 thespreadofcholera ifoundthatnearlyallthedeathshadtakenplacewithinashortdistanceofthepump snowoncholera snowsuspectedcontaminationofpumpwater small white flocculentparticles whatshouldyoudoifyou retravellingtoacountrythathasacholeraoutbreak drinkonlywaterthatyouhaveboiledortreatedwithchlorineoriodine othersafedrinksincludeteaorcoffeemadewithboiledwaterandcarbonated bottledbeverageswithnoice eatonlyfoodthat sbeenthoroughlycookedandisstillhot orfruitthatyou vepeeledyourself avoidundercookedorrawfishandshellfish avoidrawsaladsandvegetables avoidfoodanddrinksfromstreetvendors boilit cookit peelit orforgetit 3usingthestagesforscientificresearchandexercise1 writeashortsummaryofthereadingpassage johnsnowwantedtofindthecauseofcholera hebelievedthatpeoplebecameillaftereatinginfectedfood heusedthenextoutbreakofcholeratotesthisidea hestudiedasmallareaofhouseswhichgottheirwaterfromthesamepump manypeopleintheareadied johnsnowshowedthatthiswasbecausethewaterinthepumpwasinfected heshowedthatcholeracouldbedefeatedifpeopledrankcleanwater 1attendv 1 totakecare giveattention注意 留意如 we llattendtothesolutionofthatproblemlater languagepoints 2 totakegoodcareof asickperson forexample 照看 照料如 thedoctorattendedthepatients 医生照看病人 3 tobepresentat出席 到场如 attendschool上学attendalecture听讲座attendchurch去教堂attend at awedding出席婚礼 2exposedadj 暴露的 暴露于风雨中的 无掩蔽的 exposeto使易受 使受exposesthtothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud揭穿骗局 exposednessn 暴露 显露 3absorbv 1 吸收 液体 承受 承担 我们不能承担这些费用 we llnotabsorbthesecharges 2 使专心 使全神贯注 作家全神贯注地进行写作 忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰 thewriterwassoabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgottoflicktheashesfromhiscigar absorb into吸收 e g thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization 这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了 v 1 unsparingorharsh asintreatmentofothers strict严厉的 严格的 theseveretrainerhasgoneabroad youcanbreathefreelyagain 4severe 要求苛严的教官已经出国 你可以完全放心 2 causingsharpdiscomfortordistress extremelyviolentorintense veryserious 剧痛的 剧烈的 严重的 难熬的 shereceivedsevereheadinjuriesintheaccident 她在事故中头部受了重伤 wewerereadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened 5blame v 责备 谴责 thedriverwasnottoblameforthe