408 教案范文

408 教案范文 Unit EightIntelligence inan ElectronicAge Norman Cousins I.Pre-class work:Oral ExpressionIt cannot be deniedthat the puter hasso muchenliven andcoloured the world aroundus.Think aboutyour laptopand iPad.In thisputerized era,man might?be more productive,more fortable,more content?while thinkingnot somuch about how?to be more sensitive,more sensible,more proportionate,more alive.?Share withus yourideas about the puter,one of the greatestinventions in history.II.Background knowledge1.Author:NormanCousins(19151990),a prominentpolitical journalist,author,and professor.He alsoserved asAdjunct Professorof Medicine(medical humanities)in the UCLA Schoolof Medicine.This passageappeared in theUCLAMagazine Forumin thespring of1989.2.dynamoa machinewhich turnsmechanical energyinto electricity3.Francis Bacon弗朗西斯培根（1561-1626），英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散作家、哲学家。 他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树，在自然科学领域里，也取得了重大成就。 培根是一位经历了诸多磨难的贵族子弟，复杂多变的生活经历丰富了他的阅历，随之而来的，他的思想成熟，言论深邃，富含哲理。 他的整个世界观是现世的而不是宗教的（虽然他坚信上帝）。 他是一位理性主义者而不是迷信的崇拜者，是一位经验论者而不是诡辩学者；在政治上，他是一位现实主义者而不是理论家。 Francis Bacon(15611626)was one of theleading figuresin naturalphilosophy andin the field ofscientific methodologyin theperiod oftransition from the Renaissanceto theearly modernera.As alawyer,member ofParliament,and Queens Counsel,Bacon wroteon questionsof law,state andreligion,as wellas oncontemporary politics;but healso publishedtexts inwhich hespeculated onpossible conceptionsof society,and hepondered questionsof ethics(Essays)even inhis workson naturalphilosophy(The Advancementof Learning).After hisstudies atTrinity College,Cambridge andGrays Inn,London,Bacon did not takeup apost ata university,but insteadtried to start apolitical career.Although hisefforts werenot crownedwith suessduring theera ofQueen Elizabeth,under JamesI herose to the highestpolitical office,Lord Chancellor.Bacons internationalfame andinfluence spreadduring hislast years,when he was able to focushis energiesexclusively onhis philosophicalwork,and evenmore soafter his death,when Englishscientists of the Boylecircle(Invisible College)took uphis idea of acooperative researchinstitution in their plansand preparationsfor establishingthe RoyalSociety.To thepresent dayBacon iswell knownfor histreatises onempiricist naturalphilosophy(The Advancementof Learning,Novum OrganumScientiarum)and for his doctrineof theidols,which heput forwardinhisearly writings,as wellas for the ideaof amodern researchinstitute,which hedescribed inNova Atlantis.4.Aristotle亚里士多德（公元前384年公元前322年），古希腊斯吉塔拉人，世界古代史上最伟大的哲学家、科学家和教育家之一。 是柏拉图的学生亚历山大的老师。 公元前335年，他在雅典办了一所叫吕克昂的学校，被称为逍遥学派。 马克思曾称亚里士多德是古希腊哲学家中最博学的人物，恩格斯称他是古代的黑格尔。 亚里士多德的著作所表述的观点是，人类生活及社会的每个方面，都是思考与分析的客体；宇宙万物不被神、机会和幻术所控制，而是遵循着一定的规律运行；人类对自然界进行系统而深入的研究是值得的；我们应当通过实验和逻辑分析，得出自己的结论。 亚里士多德的这种反传统、反对迷信与神秘主义的主张，对西方文化产生了深远的影响。 他的重要著作有形而上学、伦理学、政治学和分析前篇和后篇等。 这些著作对后来的哲学和科学的发展起了很大的影响。 Aristotle isoneof the greatestphilosopher,scientists andeducators in theworld.Aristotles father was Niachus,a doctorwho livednear Macedon,in thenorth ofGreece.So unlikeSocrates andPlato,Aristotle was not originallyfrom Athens.He wasnot from a richfamily likePlato,though his fatherwasnot pooreither.When Aristotle was ayoung man,about350BC,he went to studyat Platos Academy.Plato was already prettyold then.Aristotle didvery wellat the Academy.But henever got to be among itsleaders,and whenPlato died,Aristotle wasnot chosento leadtheAcademyafter him.Soon afterwards,Aristotle leftAthens and wenttoMacedon to be thetutor of the youngprince Alexander,who grewup to be Alexanderthe Great.Aristotle wasmore interestedin sciencethan Socratesor Plato,maybe becausehisfatherwasadoctor.He wantedto useSocrateslogical methodsto figureouthowthe realworld worked;therefore Aristotleis reallythe father of todays scientificmethod.Aristotlewasespecially interestedin biology,in classifyingplants andanimals ina waythat wouldmake sense.This ispart of the Greekimpulse to make orderout ofchaos:to takethe chaotiatural worldand imposea man-made orderon it.When Alexanderwas travellingall overWestern Asia,he hadhis messengersbring strangeplants backto Aristotleforhisstudies.Aristotle alsomade effortsto createorder inpeoplesgovernments.He createda classificationsystem ofmonarchies,oligarchies,tyrannies,democracies andrepublics whichwe stilluse today.III.Vocabulary Preview1.solely(para.1):only:not involvingsb/sth else仅；只；唯；单独地2.proportionate(para.1):corresponding insize oramount tosomething else成比例的；相称的；相应的3.phenomenal(para.1):very remarkable;extraordinary了不起的；非凡的4.profusion(para.2):an abundanceor largequantity ofsomething大量；众多5.insight(para.3):aurate anddeep understandingof aperson orthing领悟；洞察力6.sprawl(para.4):to spreadout inan irregularway伸开四肢坐（或躺）；蔓延7.undertake(para.4):to door beginto dosomething,especially somethingthat willtake along timeor bedifficult承担；从事；负责8.digression(para.5):a caseof leavingthe mainsubject temporarilyin speechor writing离题；偏题9.obscure(para.5):to makeunclear anddifficult tounderstand orsee费解的；两人难以理解的10.foster(para.5):to helpsomething togrow ordevelop促进；助长；培养；鼓励11.undue(para.5):greater thanis reasonable;excessive不适当的；过分的；过度的12.vanquish(para.6):to defeatpletely,esp.in war完全征服；彻底击败；战胜13.probe(para.6):to investigate,or lookinto,closely盘问；追问；探究14.sterile(para.6):not productiveor effective;fruitless无结果的；没有实际价值的15.circuitry(para.7)system of electric circuits电路系统；电路；电路装置16.effect(para.7)to bringabout;cause使发生；实现；引起17.junction(para.7)the actor processof joining交叉路口；汇合处18.tend(para.7)to takecare of;look after照顾；照看19.panorama(para.7)a pleteview,description orstudy ofevents oractivities全景20.dynamo(para.8)a machinewhich turnsmechanical energyinto electricity发电机；精力充沛的人21.cramp(para.8)to restrictor preventthe naturalgrowth/development of(something)阻碍；阻止22.intimation(para.8)implication暗示；间接表示23.immortality(para.8)never-ending life永生；不朽24.enhance(para.9)to increase,improve thequality,value,or power提高；促进IV.Teaching Points1.solely(para.1):She wasmotivated solelyby self-interest.她完全是出于私利。 2.proportionate(para.1):Salary isproportional toyears ofexperience.薪资视资历而定。 To bedirectly/inversely proportionalto sth与某事物成正比、反比3.phenomenal(para.1):The producthas been a phenomenal suess.这一产品取得了极大的成功。 4.profusion(para.2):Roses grewin profusion against thewall.墙边遍开着玫瑰。 a profusion of colors色彩斑斓5.insight(para.3):a writerof greatinsight有深刻洞察力的作家The bookgives usfascinating insightsinto lifein Mexico.这本书生动地表现了墨西哥的生活。 6.sprawl(para.4):Something hither andsent hersprawling to the ground.不知什么东西击中了她，把她打趴在地上。 I trippedandwentsprawling.我绊了一下，摔了个四脚朝天。 7.undertake(para.4):University teachersboth teachand undertakeresearch.大学老师既要教学又要从事研究工作。 He undertookto finishthe jobby Friday.他答应周五之前完成这一工作。 8.digression(para.5):After severaldigressions,he finallygotto the point.说了几句题外话后，他终于言归正传。 digress.v.离题；偏离主题9.obscure(para.5):an obscureGerman poet一个名不见经传的德国诗人I foundher lecturevery obscure.我觉得她的讲座令人费解。 obscurity.n.obscurely,adv.10.foster(para.5):The clubs aimis to foster betterrelations with the munity.俱乐部的宗旨是促进团体内部的关系。 They havefostered over60children duringthe pastten years.过去十年间，他们抚育了60多个儿童。 11.undue(para.5):The workshould becarried outwithout unduedelay.这项工作不得有不当的延误。 We didnot wantto putany unduepressure onthem.我们并不想给他们施加过多的压力。 12.vanquish(para.6):They werevanquished in the petition.竞争中他们完全失败。 13.probe(para.6):He didnt likethe mediaprobing intohis past.他不愿意媒体追问他的过去。 14.sterile(para.6):sterile water消过毒的水a steriledebate没有结果的辩论The roomis coldand sterile.房间阴冷而又没有生气。 15.circuitry(para.7)We needcorrect circuitry.我们需要正确的电路系统。 16.effect(para.7)The pillfinally effectsa cure.该药片最终产生了疗效。 We shouldeffect reformon oureducational system.我们应该对教育体制进行改革。 17.junction(para.7)It wasnear thejunction ofCity Roadand OldStreet.那是在城市路和老街的交叉路口附近。 18.tend(para.7)Doctors andnurses tendedthe injured.医生和护士护理受伤者。 People tendto thinkthat theproblem will never affectthem.人们往往认为这个问题不会影响到他们。 19.panorama(para.7)There is a superbpanorama of the mountainsfromthehotel.从旅馆可以饱览峰峦叠嶂的宏伟景观。 a panoramicview overthe valley山谷全景20.dynamo(para.8)She isa realdynamo.她真是精力充沛。 21.cramp(para.8)Tighter traderestrictions mightcramp economic growth.较严格的贸易限制会妨碍经济的增长。 22.intimation(para.8)There wasno directintimation from his doctorthat hiscondition wasserious.他的医生没有明确透露他病情严重。 23.immortality(para.8)Do youbelieve inthe immortalityof thesoul?你相信灵魂不灭吗？He iswell onhis wayto literaryimmortality.他很快就会成为文学界流芳百世的人物了。 24.enhance(para.9)This is an opportunityto enhance the reputationof the pany.这是提高公司声誉的机会。 25.That problemis notsolely how to be more productiveThat problemis notonly how to be moreproductive./That problemis morethan justhow to be moreproductive.solelyonly.Example:I boughtit solelyfor thatpurpose.It seemshesnotsolely toblame for the aident.26.how tobemoresensitive,more sensible,more proportionate,more alivehowtobemoresensitive andsensible,howto keep areasonable relationshipwith puters,and howtobemore portionatecorresponding insize oramount tosomething else.Example:make proportionatecuts Thepunishment should be proportionateto thecrime.27.The putermakes possiblea phenomenalleap inhuman proficiencyThe putermakes itpossible forhuman proficiencyto increasegreatly.phenomenalvery remarkable;extraordinary.Example:phenomenalsuessThe townexpanded ata phenomenalrate.28.it demolishesthe fencesaround thepractical andeven thetheoretical intelligenceit removesthe barriers/walls aroundthe intelligence in practiceand theintelligenceintheory.29.Electronic brainscan reducethe profusion of dead endsElectronic brainscan diminishthe largequantity ofsituations offeringno prospectsof progress.dead enda situationthat hasno hopeof advancement.Example:Negotiators havereached adeadendintheirattempts to find apeaceful fusionan abundanceor largequantity ofsomething.Example:a richprofusionofflowers inthe gardenI wasremarking onthe recentprofusionofbooks andarticles onthe matter.30.a tendencyto confuselogic withvalues,and intelligencewith insighta tendencyto confuselogic withvalues,and intelligencewith understandinginsightaurate anddeep understandingof aperson orthing.Example:I wasimpressed by the insightinto Shakespearein thispaper.It wasan interestingbook,full offascinating insightsinto humanrelationships.31.Unobstructed aessto factscan produceunlimited goodonly ifit ismatched bythe desireand abilityto findout what they mean and where they would leadFree aessto factscan bringabout endlessbenefit underonly onecondition:when theaess goestogether with the desireand abilitytofindout what the factsmeanandwheretheywouldlead.32.Facts areterrible thingsif leftsprawling andunattendedFacts will notbehelpful when they arespreading ina disorderlyway andnobody takescare of them.sprawlto spreadout inan irregularway.Example:sprawling suburbsThe refugeecamps sprawlacross thelandscape.33.They aretoo easilyregarded asevaluated certaintiesrather thanas therawest ofraw materialscrying tobe processedinto thetexture oflogicThey aretoo easilythought of as somethingtrue insteadof asfirst-hand informationthat needsjudgement.34.It requiresa veryunusual mind,Whitehead said,to undertake the analysisof a factIt demandssomebody withspecial judgementto analyzeafact,aording toWhitehead.undertaketo door beginto dosomething,especially somethingthat willtake along timeor bedifficult.Example:undertaketheconstruction workStudents arerequired toundertake simpleexperiments.35.make thedistinction betweentell thedifference between36.the putercould provea digressionthe putercould turnout tobe strayingaway fromthe point.digressiona caseof leavingthe mainsubject temporarilyin speechor writing.Example:digression frommy originalplan Talkingabout moneynow wouldbe adigression fromthe mainpurpose of this meeting.37.It couldobscure mans awarenessof the need toe to terms withhimselfIt couldmake peopleunaware of theneedto aeptthemselves.obscureto makeunclear anddifficult tounderstand orsee.Example:Smog obscuredour view.Managers deliberatelyobscured thereal situationfrom federalinvestigators.e to terms withtostartto aeptand dealwith adifficult situation.Example:Shes neverreally etotermswith hersonsdeath.Its veryhard ingtotermswith thefact thatyoullneverhave children.38.It mayfoster theillusionIt mayencourage thefalse beliefto develop.fosterto helpsomething togrow ordevelop.Example:foster artistictalent Im tryingtofosteran interestin classicalmusic inmy children.39.It maypromote undueconfidence inconcrete answersIt mayencourage toomuch confidencein specificanswers.unduegreater thanis reasonable;excessive.Example:undue excitement/attention Thisfigure didnot giverise toundue concern.40.The puterknows howto vanquisherrorThe puterknows howto avoidmaking mistakeswhile working.vanquishto defeatpletely,esp.in war.Example:He hasvanquished hisrival.Napoleon wasvanquished at the battleof Waterlooin1815.41.we mightreflect onthe greatadvanceswe mightthink carefully about thegreat progress.reflect onto thinkcarefullyabout.Example:The managerdemanded timeto reflecton whatto do.42.and wouldnot stopthinking andprobingand wouldnot stopthinking andexamining probeto investigate,or lookinto,closely.Example:probe ones motivesThe interviewerprobed deepinto herprivate life.43.“You cankeep yoursterile truthfor yourself.”You dont haveto tellus theunproductive truth.sterilenot productiveor effective;fruitless.Example:a sterilediscussion/argument44.The biggestsingle needin putertechnology is not forimproved circuitryIn putertechnology,the firstthing neededis nota groupofelectric circuits thathas beenimproved.circuitrysystem ofelectriircuits.Example:solid statecircuitry45.effect somesort ofjunction betweentheputer technologist and the poetassociate theputertechnologistwith thepoet.effectto bringabout;cause.Example:The newpolicy haseffected agreat manysocial changes.junctionthe actor processof joining.Example:effect ajunction oftwo armies46.A genuinepurpose maybe servedby turningloose thewonders ofthe creativeimaginationReal requirementswill bemet whenpeople aregiven freerein toimagine.turn looseto giveup controlof somebodyor something,so theycan dowhattheywant.Example:He turnedthe horseloose inthefield.The troublebegan whenthe newspaperturned loosea dozenreporters toinvestigate theincident.47.The panyof poetsmay enablethe menwho tendthe machinesto seea largerpanorama ofpossibilities thantechnology alonemay inspireIf theyhave poetsby theirside,the technicianswho work with puterswill beabletosee moreand understandbetter thanwhat technologymay bringthem.panypanionship;panions.Example:Dont worry.Ill keepyou panywhentheyleave.One isknown bythepanyone keeps.tendto takecare of;look after.Example:tend achild WhileI amaway onvacation,my sisteres tomy apartmentto tendthe plants.panoramaa pleteview,description orstudy ofevents oractivities.Example:A panorama of Americanliterature/American lifeThe investigationrevealed apanoramaofcorruption andillegal dealings.48.es notfrom hisdynamos butfrom hisdreamses notfrom hisvitality butfromhisdreams dynamoa machinewhich turnsmechanical energyinto electricity(inf.)an extremelyenergetic person.Example:A dynamoon abicycle willpower apair oflights whilethe wheelsare goinground.David wasa realdynamo.49.the liberationfrom crampedprospectsthe freedomfromanot-so-bright futurecrampto restrictor preventthe naturalgrowth/development of(something).Example:Worry andlack ofmoney crampthe livesoftheunemployed.Tighter ruleswill crampeconomicgrowth.50.the intimationsof immortalitythrough artimplication ofendless lifeexpressed inart worksintimationimplication.Example:His suicideattempt wasthe firstintimation thathewasseriously depressed.immortalitynever-ending life.Example:The Wrightbrothers achievedimmortality with the firstpowered flightin1903.51.can helpto supplythe subconsciouswith materialto enhanceits sensitivitycan helpto providethe subconsciouswith somethingso astomakeit moresensitive enhanceto increase,improve thequality,value,or power.Example:enhance thebeauty/the moodThese scandalswillnotenhancetheorganizations reputation.52.The poet,too,can helptokeepman frommaking himselfover inthe imageof hiselectronic marvelsThe poet,too,can helphuman beingsget ridoftheideaofremodelling themselvesto producea copyoftheputer.make overto renovate.Example:make overan olddress Thehouse has been madeover into a school.53.Even tospeculate onit isa gainEven to guess aboutit doesbenefit us.speculatetoguesspossible answersto aquestion whenyou donot haveenough informationtobecertain.Example:I dont knowwhy shedid itIm justspeculating.A spokespersondeclined tospeculate onthe causeofthetrain crash.The newspapershave speculatedthat theywill getmarried nextyear.V.In-class Exercise:I.Choose theword orphrase whichbest pleteseach sentence.1.As weall know,houses are_tobeat restwith repecttothe earth buttheearthitself isnot motionless.A.resumed B.assumed C.Presumed D.consumed2.Smoke particlesand otherair pollutantsare often_intheatmosphere thusforming smog.A.trapped B.Burned C.covered D.spread3.The nucleusof anatom isposed ofswiftly movingprotons andneutrons that are_together byvery strongforces.A.bined B.Mixed C.held D.bound4.Louisa MayAlcott basethe_characters ofher bookLittle Womenon hersisters andherself.A.principal B.plex Coriginal D.many5.We believethat womenas wellas menshouldbegiven jobsin_with theirability andintelligence.A.harmony B.agreement C.aordance D.conformity6.All livingcreatures havesome_thatarepassed onfrom onegeneration tothe next.A.attributes B.properties C.aspects D.faculties7.Over theyears,_stories havebeen writtenabout womenwho arein leadingpositions inpolitics andbusiness.A.countable B.countless C.aountable D.uncountable8.Robert Smiths reputationwas establishedwiththepublicaton ofhis firstpoem in1938and was_by hissplendid shortstories for