62-浙大09春学期《英汉翻译》第一章汉译英概说及词的翻译 课堂笔记.doc

奥鹏远程教育中心助学服务部 浙大09春学期英汉翻译第一章汉译英概说及词的翻译 课堂笔记主要知识点掌握程度 了解汉译英的翻译过程，标准，必要条件和水平的培养；能根据上下文和习惯搭配来选词；避免词汇层面的误译知识点整理 一、汉译英概说1、翻译过程：理解准备表达校对2、汉译英标准：忠于原文；译文通顺；保持风格3、英译汉水平的培养1）提高英语表达能力2）进行有针对性的翻译实践3）精读各类英语读物4、汉译英的必要条件1）要有较高的汉语水平2）要有较高的英语水平3）要有一定的专业知识和丰富的文化知识4）要有一定的英语为母语国家的背景知识看下面几个例子，红色标注处的翻译是容易做错的，要特别注意：例1：请到休息室去喝杯咖啡错误：would you please go to the restroom to have a cup of coffee?(lavatory toilet)正确lobby例2：红眼错误：red eye正确：pink eye to be green-eyed例3：日本以温泉驰名错误Japan is famous for/boasts warm spring正确hot spring例4：我通常睡得很晚错误：I usually sleep very late正确：I usually stay up/go to sleep very late例5：我们是1997级的学生。错误：We are students of the 1997 grade.正确：We are students of the 1997 enrolment.二、词的翻译Words have no meaning; people have meanings for words.1、根据上下文选词，避免机械对应见教材15页例子，如：“问题”、 “小心”等词的灵活翻译 看下面这些词的翻译：注意一词多译、搭配的重要性例如： “水平”一词的翻译英语水平 English proficiency生活水平 living standard游泳水平 swimming skill他的游泳水平还挺高。 He is good at swimming.他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I.各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。Cadres/Administrators at all levels should improve their art of leadership.例如 “关心”在不同语境中的翻译关心人民的生活 to care about the well-being of the people共同关心的问题 issues of common interest/concern我们关心中国是否能保持持续发展。We would like to know whether china will keep/be able to achieve a sustainable development.领导人对两国关系非常关心。Our leaders have taken interest in development of bilateral relations. 注意下面标红色词的正确译法：例如：他在一所高校学习。He is studying in a college/university.例如：这里住房很紧张。There is housing shortage.例如：这不会影响中国的金融保险事业的对外开放政策。It will not affect Chinas policy of opening its banking and insurance sectors. 例如： 外向型经济export-oriented economy 做事一丝不苟的detail- oriented technician例如：博士点Doctoral program例如：我们相信用不了多久我们的家用电器产品就会走向世界。We believe that soon /it will not before long our electrical appliances go global. 2、词的搭配例1浓荼strong tea浓云thick cloud浓雾dense fog浓缩concentrate condense浓郁rich例2编辑部editorial office指挥部command post外交部Ministry of foreign Affairs南部the southern part例3开门open a door开车drive a car开飞机fly/pilot a plane开会hold a meeting开工start operation开绿灯give free rein to 开玩笑make a joke, kid开灯turn on a light开夜车stay up all the night开关switch开机器operate a machine开花blossom开业start business1）主谓搭配例1中国的水域，草原，山地资源丰富，开发潜力巨大。China has rich water, grassland and mountainous resources which have great potential for exploitation.例2中国的发展与进步，有利于人类文明。The developing and progressing of China are beneficial to human civilization.2）动宾搭配例1 每晚我都要花一小时学习政治理论和企业管理知识。I would spend one hour every evening on studying political theories and acquiring knowledge concerning business management.例2 他们意识到学习知识的重要性。They are aware of the importance of acquiring/attaining knowledge.例3 几年来，为了工作，我牺牲了许多节假日In the past few years, I devoted many of my holidays to my work.例4许多房屋都被洪水损坏了。Many houses were damaged by the floods.例5这就给你机会运用你的知识和经验。This will give you an opportunity to use/apply your knowledge and experience.例6那位教师介绍了他教物理的宝贵经验。The teacher shared /passed on his valuable experience in teaching physics.例7 她掌握了大量英语词汇。She masters/possesses a wide vocabulary of English words.例8 史密斯接受了朋友的忠告。Take / accept/ adopt advise例9 他不敢进真话。Tell the truth例10错误的结果必然得出错误的结论。A wrong result is bound to/be destined to draw/reach/arrive at/come to/ make a conclusion.例11她没能赴约，因为她病了。She could not keep the appointment, because she was sick.3）形名搭配例1历史习惯 traditional habits例2 这种型号的车床价格便宜。The price of the lathe of this type is low.例3 今晚他要去参加一个化装舞会。She would be going to a fancy dress/costume in the evening.例4你的帽子真好看。You have a attractive/nice cap.例5 强硬政策 tough policy例6