轻钢住宅结构大解析中英文.doc

轻钢住宅结构大解析，一文秒懂传统结构无法相比的优越性能Light Steel House Structure Analysis, helping you understand its advantages which traditional structure can not compare to传统的砖混结构是由红砖一块一块砌筑而成，硬度虽然很大，但韧性较差，抗震能力低；而轻钢结构建筑，以轻钢结构龙骨作为承重结构，从墙面系统、楼面系统及屋顶结构等系统到各种配套材料，充分展示了建筑节能的最新技术，比之传统结构，有着无法相比的优越性能。这种结构建筑到底有多优越，我们一起去看看吧！The traditional brick masonry structure is constructed by red brick block by block. Although it is very hard, it has poor tenacity and low seismic capacity. While light steel structure uses light-steel keel as bearing structure and from walls, floor and roof structure to all supporting materials it fully demonstrate the latest technology of energy-efficiency construction. Compared to traditional structure, it has an incomparable superiority. So how superior it is on earth? Let us take a look at it.（1）轻质楼面系统 Light Weight Floor System其楼盖由冷弯薄壁C型钢楼面梁与铺于楼面梁上的结构面板组成。楼面梁一般跨度为36m6.0m，楼面梁高为200300mm，楼面梁间距为600毫米。楼面梁腹板上预开孔，这样对于管线的穿越与布置极为方便。结构面板通常采用定向刨花板；也可以选择在定向刨花板上再浇筑40mm的细石混凝土。轻质楼盖根据不同的设计要求，每平方米可承受最大500公斤的荷载。The floor system is composed of cold-curved thin C steel floor beam and a structural slab on the floor. The normal span of floor beam is 3.6m-6.0m, the height of floor beam is 200-300mm, and the width of the floor beam is 600mm. Pre opening on floor beam web is convenient for pipeline crossing and layout. The structural slab usually uses OSB(Oriented Strand Board); 40mm fine concrete can also be casted to OSB. Based on different design requirements, the light weight floor can bear 500 kg per square meter at most.（2）墙体结构 Wall Structure承重墙由立柱、顶导梁和底导梁、支撑、墙体结构面板组成。立柱为C形轻钢构件，其壁厚根据所受的荷载而定，通常为0752mm，立柱间距一般为400600mm，立柱的下端为开口朝上的底导梁，立柱上端为开口向下的顶导梁；为提高墙柱的稳定性，一般墙柱高度范围内设12道水平钢拉条或撑杆。这种墙体结构布置方式，可有效承受并可靠传递竖向荷载，且布置方便。Load-bearing wall is composed of column, top beam, bottom beam, support and wall structure panel. The column is of C-shaped light steel structure and its wall thickness is determined by the load, normally 0.75-2mm. The distance between columns is 400-600mm. The lower end of the column is bottom beam with an upside opening and the top of the column is top beam with a downward opening; In order to enhance the stability of the wall column, there are usually 1-2 horizontal steel brace or support poles within height of wall column. This kind of layout could effectively bear and reliably pass vertical load and is quite convenient for setting.为抵抗水平风荷载与地震作用，轻钢结构住宅体系中抗侧力体系、抗剪墙可采用墙体结构面板、交叉支撑或K型支撑形式。用作抗剪墙的结构面板可采用定向刨花板、石膏板、水泥纤维板及薄钢板。上下楼层之间通过连接件可靠连接，以有效传递水平剪力与和上拔力。To resist horizontal wind load and earthquake, the lateral load resisting system and shear wall in the light weight steel structure can adopt wall structure panel, cross support or K-shape support. The structural slab for shear wall could use OSB, plasterboard, fiber cement board and sheet steel. The upper and lower are joined together through a reliable connection so as to effectively pass the horizontal shear force and uplift force.（3）屋面结构 Roof Structure屋面结构采用轻钢桁架的方式作为屋面的主要承重结构。屋面桁架的间距根据屋面荷载的不同可以按照3001200mm布置。屋面桁架上部可以用轻型的檩条，檩条跨度最大可以做到1800mm。屋面的围护可以根据客户的需求采用传统的水泥瓦、陶瓦，或者是时尚的多彩沥青瓦或颜色丰富的金属屋面板。由于整个屋面系统都是空间桁架，重庆钢结构公司整个屋面的保温隔热都可以集成到斜屋面和平吊顶两部分，中间的空间可以通风，让整个建筑更加透气，成为可以呼吸的房屋。The roof structure adopts light steel truss as main load bearing structure of the roof. The distance between the trusses is usually 300-1200mm based on the roofs load. The upper part of the truss can use light purline and the largest span of the purline can reach 1800mm .The roof enclosure can use traditional cement tile, ceramic tile, or colorful asphalt shingles or colorful metal roof panel.Because the whole roof system is space truss. The heat preservation and heat insulation of Chongqing steel structure companys roof can be integrated into pitched roof and flat ceiling. The space in the middle is for ventilation to make the whole building more ventilated and make the building a house that can breathe. 防腐蚀性能 Corrosion Resistance Performance由于我国幅员辽阔，建筑材料需要满足各个地区、各种环境的要求。参照国家颁布的标准，对于高腐蚀性地区或特殊建筑物，镀锌量应不低于275g/（双面）或镀铝锌150g/（双面），并应满足现行国家或行业标准的规定。这一规定与澳洲的规定一致。根据博思格钢铁澳洲研发中心的研究数据分析，镀锌钢板和镀铝锌钢板作为结构使用与暴露在建筑外部，镀层消耗的速度会有很大的差别。即使在同一个建筑物内部，由于建筑各部分密封效果各不相同，造成大气腐蚀环境的不一致。由于镀铝锌镀层表面有铝和锌两种材料，铝更加容易被腐蚀，产生极其致密的AL2O3，这些铝的氧化物覆盖在钢板表层，更好地隔绝了镀层钢板与外界腐蚀环境的接触。因此镀铝锌层在室内环境中的预测寿命远远长于我们要求的结构寿命，可达到200年以上；即使在通风环境很不好的板材之间，预测寿命也能达到75年。Since our country is populated and large, construction material needs to satisfy requirements of various areas and environment. According to standard issued by the state, for highly corrosive region or special buildings, mass of Zn coat should not be less than 275g/（two sides）or galvalume 150g/（two sides）, and should follow provisions of existing national or industry standards. This provision is consistent with Australias.According to research data analysis of BlueScope R&D Center of Australia, the consumption speed of galvanized steel plate and aluminium zinc steel plate coat for being used as structure and being exposed to exterior building is quite different. Even within the same building, different sealing effects of each part of the building result in different atmosphere corrosion environment. Since there are two materials- zinc and aluminum on coating surface of Galvalume, and aluminum is easier to corrode and produce extremely dense AL203. These aluminum oxide cover on the surface of the steel to better cut off coated steels contact with outside corrosive environment. Therefore the predicted life of galvalume in the indoor environment is much longer that what we require for the structure which reaches more than 200 years; Even between poorply ventilated plates, the life expectancy can reach 75 years. 节能降耗性能 Energy Efficiency Performance根据对轻钢结构住宅与传统住宅形式的节能降耗性能的比较，能够明显地看出轻钢结构住宅的优势。技术经济指标主要是由建筑结构的导热系数、蓄热系数和每平方米每日能耗来评价。根据对轻钢结构住宅和传统的钢混结构住宅所作的对比实验，传统钢混结构住宅的导热系数在0065008Wmk之间，轻钢结构住宅的导热系数在0055007之间，轻钢结构住宅的导热系数比传统钢混结构住宅降低了001Wmk；传统钢混结构住宅的蓄热系数在095110w/mk之间，轻钢结构住宅的蓄热系数在130140Wmk之间，轻钢结构住宅的蓄热系数比传统钢混结构住宅降低了03Wmk。同时，由于轻钢结构体系的自重较轻且结构灵活，在满足结构强度要求的基础上，能够很好地集成各项保温节能技术，除了在墙的墙柱间填充玻璃纤维外，还采用在墙外侧再贴一层保温材料的“外墙外保温”做法，有效隔断了通过墙柱至外墙板的热桥；楼层之间楼面梁内填充玻璃纤维，减少通过楼层的热传递；所有内墙墙体的墙柱之间均填充玻璃纤维，减少户墙之间的热传递。The light steel structure residence has an obvious advantage over traditional residence on energy efficiency. The technical and economic indicators are mainly assessed by heat conductivity, thermal storage coefficient and daily energy consumption per square meter of building structure. According to a comparison test between light steel and traditional reinforced concrete structure, the thermal conductivity of traditional reinforced concrete structure is 0065008Wmk and the thermal conductivity of light steel structure is between 0055007, a 001Wmk drop compared to traditional structure. And the thermal storage coefficient of traditional reinforced concrete structure is 095110w/mk while the light steel structure is between 130140Wmk, a 03Wmk decrease compared with traditional reinforced concrete structure.Meanwhile, since light steel structure is light and flexible, it could effectively integrate all kinds of thermal insulation and energy saving technology. In addition to filling the glass fiber between wall columns, external wall insulation technology is also adopted-add a layer of insulation material to the wall which effectively cut off the heat bridge between wall columns and exterior wall panel; The floor beams are filled with glass fiber to reduce the heat transfer through floors; Glass fiber is filled between wall columns of all internal wall panels to reduce heat transfer between walls. 防火性能 Fireproof Performance暴露的轻钢结构在550的高温下，一般在15分钟左右就会丧失承重能力而垮塌。但通过油漆、复合或加厚围护材料，在围护结构上运用一些防火性能比较好的材料，可以确保整个住宅的防火性能达到规范的要求。从目前轻钢结构别墅的实践情况来看，经过特殊防火处理的轻钢结构住宅能够满足防火规范的要求。在国家固定灭火系统和耐火构件质量监测中心的实件检测中，博思格钢铁配备双面双层石膏板的墙体耐火实验，承重墙体可以达到1.22小时的耐火极限。Exposed to high temperature of 550 for around 15 minutes, the light steel structure will lose load bearing capacity and collapse. However, through painting, compounds and thickening the enclosure materials and use of some good fireproof materials on enclosure structure, fireproof property of the whole house can meet requirements of specifications.From the practice of light steel villa, the light steel structure with special fireproof treatment can meet requirements can meet requirements of fireproof specifications. During the test in National Quality Monitoring Center for fixed fire extinguishing systems and refractory components, for walls fire resistance test, the fire resistance limit of the load bearing wall made of Bluescope steel with double-side double-layer plasterboard can reach 1.22hrs. 隔声性能 Soundproof Property轻钢结构住宅由于受力构件自重较轻，且中间基本上为中空结构，很容易形成“鼓膜”效应，因此撞击隔音效果很差。为了满足空气隔音和撞击隔音的综合要求，在轻钢结构住宅中，可以采用内外墙及楼盖搁栅间填充玻璃棉，来有效阻止通过空气传播的音频部分。试验表明，填充玻璃棉能够使结构的空气隔音效果得到进一步的提高，达到50dB以上，在进行围护结构处理之前，就能够达到居住的要求。Since light weight structure is light in weight and the middle part is basically hollow which is easy to form tympanum effect. Therefore, impact sound insulation effect is very poor. To meet comprehensive requirements of airborne sound insulation and impact sound insulation, glass fiber can be filled between interior wall and exterior wall and between floor joist to effectively insulate airborne sound. The test proves that glass fiber could help enhance soundproof property of the structure which could reach 50dB. Residence requirements can be met before enclosure treatment. 防潮性能 Dampproof在轻钢住宅的标准配置中，整个墙体的外围使用单向呼吸纸对整个墙体进行防潮密封。这种密封可以在隔绝室外潮气进入室内的同时，避免室外大气中的有害物质腐蚀金属材料，也可以排除室内的潮气。而整个墙体用到的石膏板也成为可以呼吸的墙体。呼吸纸和防潮膜可以保证金属产品在密封而干燥的空间有更加长久的寿命，也可以让室内的空气更加干爽。而在屋面，带铝箔贴面的保温棉可以完全隔绝潮湿空气的进入，避免金属结构直接暴露在户外腐蚀环境中。另外，轻钢结构具有自重轻的特点。对于一些交通不太便利的山区和农村，在运输不便利的情况下可以降低整个运输的成本、还可以降低现场重型机械的利用，从而节约施工工期和施工成本。轻钢结构的材料本身并不是高科技，但由于钢材的加工特性，我们尽最大可能地实现工厂加工来降低现场施工的周期和成本。以钢材为主要原材料的轻钢住宅体系对环境更加友好，100%的钢材都可以回收再利用，整个施工过程中的干法施工大幅减低对大自然水资源的利用和污染，也大大提高了现场施工的速度。In a standard configuration of light weight house, the whole outer wall sues one-way breathing paper to seal the wall and resist moisture. This kind of seal can prevent the outdoor dampness from entering indoor meanwhile protect harmful materials in the atmosphere corroding the metals and remove the moisture inside the room. The plasterboard used for the whole wall can also breathe. The breathing paper and moisture-proof membrane can ensure that the metal products are sealed and dry and have a longer life span, and can also make the air in the room drier.The material of light weight steel