高一下英语复习资料

1 高一英语下学期知识要点复习高一英语下学期知识要点复习 Unit13 Healthy eating 英语小窍门英语小窍门 句型与句子结构句型与句子结构 句型层次表句型层次表 第一层 第二层 例句 简单句 主 谓 I am coming 主 谓 宾 I like cats 主 谓 宾 宾 I bought you a book I bought a book for you 主 谓 宾 补 I seldom see him do morning exercises 主 谓 表 I am a teacher He is very tall 并列句 主谓 主谓 and or but for I phoned him but there was no answer 复合句 主语从句 名词性从句 What he told me yesterday is true 宾语从句 I know that he is an American 表语从句 This is how he broke the door 同位语从句 His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted 定语从句 This is the room where he was born 状语从句 Before he came here he had learnt Chinese for years 重点词汇解析重点词汇解析 1 stomach n 肚子 胃 复数为 stomachs 肚子疼 stomachache 构成短语有 have a pain in the stomach 胃 腹 疼 lie on one s stomach 俯卧 have the stomach for 对 有兴趣 turn one s stomach 使 恶心 on an empty a full stomach 空着肚子 吃饱 2 bar n 1 条状物 棒 a bar of soap 一条肥皂 a bar of chocolate 一条巧克力 a bar of gold 一根金条 2 酒吧 a coffee bar 3 固定短语 behind bars 在狱中 3 diet n 1 正常饮食 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 a diet of potatoes 土豆食品 2 饮食限制 go on a diet be on a diet 节食 节食 No sugar in my coffee I m dieting 4 disease n 疾病 a serious disease of the liver 严重的肝病 diseased adj 有病的 a diseased plant 病态的植物 辨析 辨析 illness disease illness 很少指具体疾病 只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态 disease 指可以染上和传染他人的疾病 e g Several children are away from school because of illness 几个孩子因生病没上学 He has a rare heart disease 他得了一种罕见的心脏病 5 probably 与与 possibly 比较比较 1 probably 极有可能 有几分根据的猜测 比 possibly 所指的可能性大些 e g He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him He will probably win 他工 作努力 人也聪明 很多人愿意帮助他 他极有可能取胜 2 possibly 可能地 表示客观上潜在的可能性 可能性比 probably 小 经常与情态动词 2 can 或 may 连用 e g She may possibly be the greatest writer of her generation 她或许是她那一代人中最伟大的作家 6 promise v he never buys a drink for anyone 他太吝啬了 他从不给别人买杯水 5 be careful not to do sth 小心不要做 We want to be careful not to break anything 我们要小心不要打破任何东西 6 be careful 从句 加以小心 Be careful what you do 小心你做的一切 3 keep up with 跟上 防止落后 跟上 防止落后 keep up with the class 跟上班级 不掉队 keep up with the development of society 适应社会的发展 keep up with the going on 跟上时尚 注意 注意 catch up with 已经落后 赶上 已经落后 赶上 4 Be adj to 短语短语 1 be harmful to 对 有害 be adj to sb sth 指对某人或某物有 影响或态度如何 be good to be kind to 对 态度好 be friendly to 对 友好 be cruel to 对 凶残 be bad to 对 态度不好 be polite impolite to 对 有礼貌 无礼貌 be rude to 对 粗鲁 5 cut 短语总结 短语总结 1 cut into 把 切成 Vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water 蔬菜应切成小碎块放进开水里 2 cut up 切碎 Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings 妈妈正剁肉准备包饺子 3 cut down 砍倒 削减 If you cut down the trees you will ruin the land 如果你砍伐树木 就会毁坏土地 I have decided to cut down my smoking 我决定戒烟 4 cut off 切断 停掉 Our water supply has been cut off again 我们的供水再次中断 6 Short 短语短语 1 be short of 缺少 I m short of money this week can you lend me some 这星期我缺钱 你能借我一点 2 run short 几乎用光 4 We ve run short of oil 我们已经用光油了 The supply of oil is running short 供应的油快要用光了 重点句型解析重点句型解析 1 It was a bit green 它还有点生 它还有点生 1 句中的 green 意为 没有成熟的 是 ripe 的反义词 例如 We don t like to eat green fruit The apples are still too green to pick 2 a bit 作程度副词 与 a little 同义 例如 I m a bit a little tired Could you drive a bit a little slower 3 但是 not a bit not at all 而 not a little very much 例如 I m not a bit tired 我一点不累 I m not a little tired 我很累 2 While you are at school or walking home your body is burning up 100 calories an hour 你在学校上课或步行回家时 你体内每小时消耗你在学校上课或步行回家时 你体内每小时消耗 100 卡 卡 1 burn up 意为 烧掉 烧毁 在本句中意为 消耗掉 例如 He burned up all the old letters 他把过去的全部信件都烧掉了 The house burned up before they got there 他们到达那儿之前 房子已烧毁了 2 up 与一些动词构成短语时 有 完结 终结 的意思 如 eat up 吃光 drink up 喝 光 tear up 撕碎 use up 用完 lock up 锁好 3 Eating habits become part of who we are 饮食习惯变成我们自身的一部分 饮食习惯变成我们自身的一部分 who we are 为介词 of 的宾语从句 eating habits 为动名词短语作句子的主语 动名词或不定式 短语 作主语时 谓语动词一 般用单数 Seeing is believing 眼见为实 part of 的一部分 Part of the building was destroyed in the fire 大楼的一部分被火烧毁了 a part of 指不足一半 意为 一小部分 We spent a part of our holiday in France 我们的一部分假期是在法国度过的 4 The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world 中国人吃的糖比世界中国人吃的糖比世界 上其它许多国家的人都少 上其它许多国家的人都少 1 the Chinese 指 全体 中国人 以 ese 结尾的表示国籍的词与定冠词连用时 表 示整个国家的人 例如 the Japanese 全体 日本人 the Vietnamese 全体 越南人 但指该国单 个的人时 则是 a Chinese a Japanese a Vietnamese 5 They eat a lot of sugar in the form of cakes soft drinks sweets and so on 他们吃蛋糕 软他们吃蛋糕 软 饮料 糖果等 其中含有大量的糖 饮料 糖果等 其中含有大量的糖 1 in the form of 意为 以 的形式 例如 He made the suggestion in the form of a question 他以提问题的形式提出建议 He expressed his feelings in the form of letters 他用写信来表达自己的感情 He wrote a novel in the form of a diary 他以日记的形式写了一本小说 6 In some parts of Britain one person in ten by the age of thirty has no teeth left 在英国在英国 有些地方 十分之一的人年方三十 牙齿就都脱光了 有些地方 十分之一的人年方三十 牙齿就都脱光了 1 one person in ten 是 十个中有一个 的意思 也可说成 one person out of ten 例如 One in every four children had bad teeth Nine in ten people agreed with us 2 by the age of 意 岁之前 到 岁时 at the age of 意 在 岁时 She had learned to play the piano by the age of ten 十岁之前 他就学会弹钢琴 He died at the age of 90 他九十岁去世 7 Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening 开张后的头几天 许多开张后的头几天 许多 人到那家餐馆去吃饭 人到那家餐馆去吃饭 1 score 作 二十 解 和数字连用时 不可加 s 如 a score of eggs 20 个蛋 four score and seven years ago 87 年前 但 scores of 则为固定词组 意为 许多 例如 A score or more 5 attended the meeting 20 多人出席会议 I have been there scores of times 我到那儿去过多次了 2 first 后面跟复数名词时 意为 头几个 头一批 例如 For the first few weeks they didn t talk to each other 头几个星期 他们彼此不曾讲过话 He was one of the first people to discover America 他是首批发现美洲的人之一 语法精讲语法精讲 情态动词情态动词 had better should 及及 ought to 的用法的用法 1 had better 最好最好 加动词原形 You d better get some sleep 你最好睡一会儿 I d better not disturb him 我最好不打扰他了 后接 be doing sth 表示最好立即做某事 I think I d better be going 我想我最好立刻走 祈使句中 had 省略 Better not wait for them 最好不等他们 反义疑问句用 had You d better put away your socks hadn t you 你最好把你袜子收拾好 难道不行吗 You had better not follow her had you 你最好不要跟她 不是吗 2 should 与与 ought to 应该应该 ought to 的口气比 should 稍重一些 更侧重于某件事责任 义务上该做的事情 should 表示某件事宜于做 下列句子两个词不宜换用 You are his father You ought to take care of him 你是他的父亲 就应该照顾他 We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech 我们不应该说太多的大话在我们的日常讲话中 ought to 的句式变化 否定句 You ought not oughtn t to write so carelessly 你不该写得这样粗心 疑问句 Ought we to give him a chance to try 我们该给他机会试一试 与完成时连用 should ought to have done sth 本应该做 而实际没做 We ought to have finished our homework on time 我们本应该按时完成作业 shouldn t oughtn t to have done sth 本不应该做 而实际做了 They oughtn t to have come back so late 他们本不该回来这样晚 同步练习同步练习 1 Four of students took part in the sports meeting A hundred B hurdreds C score D scores 2 He made the suggestion the form of a question A with B by C on D in 3 Your English is very good A Thank you I m glad you think so B No my English is very poor C Is that true D Don t you think so 4 Our home is always love and understanding A rich for B rich in C high with D high by 5 I hope you ll forget all the unhappiness I have you A caused B given C offered D handed 6 Why don t we go and play football 6 A Yes I think so B I can play football C It s a good game D That s a good idea 7 What is the matter the tape recorder A about B for C from D with 8 You better the thing to be done A had not to cause B had not cause C hadn t cause D hadn t causing 9 The doctor advises that the patient more exercise A take B takes C will take D to take 10 Do about nine children ten like eating sweets A from B in C among D between 11 She was too excited to fall last night A sleep B asleep C sleepy D sleeping 12 I m not feeling well I m not I advise you A surprising to lose weight B surprised will lose weight C surprised to lose weight D surprising losing weight 13 In winter we see water fall of snow A instead B in the form C in front D in drops 14 He was lucky enough not to be hurt in the accident A a bit B a little C any D very 15 The reason he is absent from school is he was badly hurt while riding A that why B why that C why because D which as 参考答案参考答案 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 D 8 B 9 A 10 B 11 B 12 C 13 B 14 A 15 B 课外阅读课外阅读 The Wolf and the Lamb WOLF meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold resolved not to lay violent hands on him but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolf s right to eat him He thus addressed him Sirrah last year you grossly insulted me Indeed bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice I was not then born Then said the Wolf You feed in my pasture No good sir replied the Lamb I have not yet tasted grass Again said the Wolf You drink of my well No exclaimed the Lamb I never yet drank water for as yet my mother s milk is both food and drink to me Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up saying Well I won t remain supperless even though you refute every one of my imputations The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny 狼与小羊狼与小羊 一只小羊在河边喝水 狼见到后 便想找一个名正言顺的借口吃掉他 于是他跑到上 游 恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了 使他喝不到清水 小羊回答说 他仅仅站在河边喝 水 并 且又在下游 根本不可能把上游的水搅浑 狼见此计不成 又说道 我父亲去年被 你骂过 小羊说 那时他还没有出生 狼对他说 不管你怎样辩解 反正我不会放 过 你 这说明 对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的 The Bat and the Weasels A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life The 7 Weasel refused saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds The Bat assured him that he was not a bird but a mouse and thus was set free Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel whom he likewise entreated not to eat him The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse but a bat and thus a second time escaped It is wise to turn circumstances to good account 蝙蝠与黄鼠狼蝙蝠与黄鼠狼 蝙蝠掉落在地上 被黄鼠狼叼去 他请求饶命 黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他 自己生来痛恨 鸟类 蝙蝠说他是老鼠 不是鸟 便被放了 后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来 被另一只黄鼠狼叼 住 他再三请求不要吃他 这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类 蝙蝠改口说自己是鸟类 并非老 鼠 又 被放了 这样 蝙蝠两次改变了自己的名字 终于死里逃生 这故事说明 我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险 Unit14 Festivals 英语小窍门英语小窍门 十二条经典英语谚语十二条经典英语谚语 1 Pain past is pleasure 过去的痛苦就是快乐 2 Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand 脑中有知识 胜过手有金钱 3 Nothing is impossible for a willing heart 心之所愿 无所不成 4 All things are difficult before they are easy 凡事必先难后易 5 Great hopes make great man 伟大的理想造就伟大的人 6 God helps those who help themselves 天助自助者 7 Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd a little bit more 四个简短的词汇概括了成功的秘诀 多一点点 比别人多一点努力 多一点自律 多一点决心 多一点反省 多一点学习 多一点实践 多一点疯狂 多一点点就能创造奇迹 8 In doing we learn 实践长才干 9 East or west home is best 东好西好 还是家里最好 10 Two heads are better than one 三个臭皮匠 顶个诸葛亮 11 Good company on the road is the shortest cut 行路有良伴就是捷径 12 Constant dropping wears the stone 滴水穿石 重点词汇解析重点词汇解析 1 hono u r vt 1 尊敬 e g Children should honour their father and mother 孩子应该尊敬父母 2 对 表示敬意 e g Flowers were placed there to honour his memory 鲜花摆放在那里为了纪念他 3 使感到荣幸 e g You honour us by being with us today 今天你和我们在一起这是我们的荣幸 I am honoured to be asked to speak here 被邀请在此讲话是我的荣幸 honour n 1 荣誉 光荣 不可数名词 e g They fight for the honour of their country 他们为祖国的荣誉而战 2 高尚 人格 信誉 不可数名词 A man of honour would not behave in so cowardly way 一个高尚的人行为处事不会这么懦弱 3 尊敬 敬重 不可数 e g One must show honour to one s parents 一个人必须尊敬父母 8 4 使感到光荣的人或事 荣幸 可数 多作单数 e g It s an honour to meet you 见到你十分荣幸 比较 比较 in honour of 为了 纪念或表示敬意而举行某活动 e g It is only a dance in honour of her birthday 这只是纪念她生日的一个舞会 A memorial meeting was held in his honour 为了纪念他而举行纪念会 have the honour of 有幸 荣幸地 e g May I have the honour of your company at dinner 我能有幸与您共进晚餐吗 2 determine vt 1 决定 e g His future has not been determined but he may study medicine 他还没决定好未来 但他可能学医 Can we now determine the date for our party 我们现在能决定派对的日期吗 2 决心 决意 决定 作某事 用过去分词 决心 下定决心 determine 不定式不定式 to do e g She determined to go that very afternoon 她决心就在那个下午走 determine 从句从句 He had been determined that no one should know 他决意不让任何人知道 determined 过去分词作定语或表语 果断 坚定 坚决过去分词作定语或表语 果断 坚定 坚决 e g His voice was determined and his eyes were flashing 他的声音很坚决 他的眼睛闪闪发亮 determination n 1 决心 不可数 e g He came with the determination of staying to stay one week 他决心呆一周 2 决定 不可数 间或加不定冠词 e g The boy came to a determination to run away from school 男孩决定逃学 self determination n 自主 自我决定 3 purpose n 目的 意图 目标 e g What is your purpose in doing this 你做这件事的目的是什么 比较 比较 for purpose 为了为了 目的目的 on purpose 有意地 故意地 特意有意地 故意地 特意 e g If I go there in future it will be for the purpose of seeing you 如果我今后去那儿的话 就是为了见你 I ve come on purpose to speak to you 我来是特意要与你谈谈 She did it on purpose 她是故意那样做 4 reminder n 提醒的人 物 暗示 e g Please give me a reminder this afternoon to phone him 请下午提醒我给他打电话 remind v 使 想起 提醒 1 of 短语 e g That story you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had 你刚刚讲的故事使我想起了我曾经有过的经历 2 sb to do e g Please remind me to write that letter 请提醒我写信 3 从句 e g The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late 看见时钟使我想起我迟到了 pare v 1 compare with 比较 指同类事物的具体比较 e g Compare these two languages and we can see there are differences as well as similarities 比较这两种语言 可以发现它们有同有异 Parents like to compare their own children with other children 9 父母们总喜欢把自己的孩子与别的孩子进行比较 2 compare to 比作 指非同类事物的抽象比较 e g Shakespeare compared the world to a stage 莎士比亚把人世比作舞台 People often compare girls to flowers 人们经常把女孩子比作花朵 3 compared to with 与 比起来 常在句中作状语 可位于句首或句尾 to 和 with 可 通用 It was a small place then compared to with what it is now 和现在比起来 那时它还是个小地方 6 表示穿着的动词表示穿着的动词 1 put on 表示穿上的动作 e g He put on his coat and went out hurriedly 他穿上外衣匆匆忙忙地出去了 2 wear 表示穿着状态 意义最广 可用于衣服 鞋 帽 袜 手套 眼镜 手表 徽章 首饰 还可表示头发 胡须的式样 带有某种表情或样子 e g He was a short man wearing thick glasses 他是一个带着厚厚的眼镜的矮小的人 3 dress 既可表示动作也可表示状态 作及物动词时 后面宾语是人 即 dress sb oneself in sth 或 be dressed in sth e g She dressed the baby in red 她给孩子穿上了红色的衣服 4 have on 表示穿着状态 无进行时 e g She had a red dress on 她穿了一件红裙子 5 be in sth 表示状态 e g He s in plain clothes 他身着便装 What colour is your child in 你的孩子穿着什么颜色的衣服 7 light 的用法的用法 1 adj 明亮的 bright 浅色的 pale e g His room is light and airy 他的房间又亮又通风 It gets light at about six o clock 六点左右天亮 She has a light green dress 她有一条淡绿色的裙子 2 n 光线 亮光 不可数 但如表示一种光线时 尤其是被形容词修饰时 前可加不定 冠词 e g The test tube was glowing with a faint blue light 试管里发出微弱的蓝光 灯 灯光 发光物 引火物 可数 e g There were no lights on in any office room 没有一个办公室里有灯光 3 v light lit lit 和 light lighted lighted 点燃 生炉子 e g When it was dark we lit the candles 天黑时我们点上了蜡烛 照亮 e g Our streets are lit by electricity 街道被灯光照亮 使 变得亮起来 开朗起来 e g Her face lighted when she saw who it was 当她看清是谁时 她的脸亮了起来 Suddenly a smile lit up her face 突然微笑使她的脸亮了起来 4 light up 动词短语 照亮 点亮 e g The burning building lit up the whole street 燃烧的建筑物照亮了整条街道 使 容光焕发 春风满面 指人的面部表情 e g Her face lit up when she heard the good news 当她听到好消息时 脸上露出喜色 注意 注意 light 的过去分词有两种 lighted lit 当作定语修饰名词时 用 lighted e g a lighted candle 一支点着的蜡烛 8 common 用法及用法及 common usual ordinary general 区别区别 1 common 10 共同的 共有的 e g English is their common language 英语是他们的共同语言 普通的 一般的 平常的 Nothing is commoner than that 没有比此更普通的 常见的 到处可见的 e g Is this word in common use 这个字常用吗 in common with sb 共同的 e g We have many things in common 我们有许多共同之处 2 common general ordinary usual 区别 common 侧重 普通 表示 时时发生 人所共有 并含有 并不高贵 地位低下 之意 指符合或具有全体共有的特征 其反义词为 rare e g a common saying 俗语 a common wish 一个共同的愿望 common sense 常识 common knowledge 普通知识 This is a grammatical mistake common among beginners in English 这是个初学英语的人易犯的错误 general 侧重 普遍 表示在大多数人或事物中流行并受到关注 不含有 地位低下 之意 其反义词为 specific e g general readers 一般读者 a general idea 一个普通的观点 ordinary 与 common 基本同义 侧重 外表平凡的 普通的 表示 随时可以碰到 不值得 惊奇 其反义词为 superior e g an ordinary event 一件极平常的事 an ordinary person 一个普通的人 My teacher is an ordinary looking man 我的老师是个相貌平常的人 usual 用来指事物 强调习惯性 一贯如此 意为 通常的 惯常的 含有 随集体风俗或 个人习惯而常常发生 之意 其反义词为 unusual e g as usual 和往常一样 It s a usual thing with him 这对他来说是平常事 9 believe 与与 believe in believe 相信 think true 后接表示人或事物的名词或代词 也可接 what that 从句 e g I believe you I believe what you said 我相信你说的话 I could hardly believe my ears eyes 我简直不敢相信我所听到的 看到的 比较 比较 believe sb 相信某人所说的话相信某人所说的话 believe in sb 信任某人 指人的品格 作风 为人等方面的情况 信任某人 指人的品格 作风 为人等方面的情况 e g We usually believe in him but this doesn t mean we always believe him 我们通常是信任他的 但这并不意味着我们总是相信他的话 10 gather 与与 collect 区别区别 gather 作 收集 聚集 讲时用法广泛 可指把人集中起来 也可指把分散的东西或抽象的 东西 如信息 力量 聚集起来 collect 作 收集 采集 讲时 着重于计划性和选择性的含义 e g Up to now he has collected 500 foreign stamps 至今为止 他已收集了五百张外国邮票 Gather round and I ll tell you a story 大家围过来 我给你们讲个故事 When the accident happened a lot of people quickly gathered round 事故发生后 很快周围聚集了很多人 How long did it take you to collect these ancient coins 你用了多长时间才收集到这些古代硬币 注意 注意 gather 一般不与 together 连用 因其自身就是 bring together come together 之意 重点词组解析重点词组解析 1 give 短语总结短语总结 1 give away 分发 送给人 e g He gave away all his pictures 他把所有的画都送人了 泄漏 机密 暴露 自己的情况 Please don t give my secret away 请不要泄漏我的秘密 11 2 give back 还给 e g I must call at the library to give back this book 我必须去图书馆还书 恢复 健康等 e g Living here has given me back my health 住在这里我的健康恢复了 3 give in 交上来 e g Give in your exercise books 请交上练习本 give in to sb 让步 妥协 投降 认输 向 让步 e g The enemy is surrounded and must soon give in 敌人被包围了必须马上投降 He is always giving in to other people 他总是向别人让步 4 give off 散发出 e g The flowers give off a sweet fragrance 花散发出甜美的香气 5 give out 散发 颁发 e g The teacher gave out the examination papers 老师分发试卷 宣布 e g He gave out that he was going to England 他宣布他将去英国 被用完 耗尽 没有了 e g You can t have a hot bath the water will give out 你不能洗热水澡 水快没了 机器等 失灵 人 体力不支 The chair gave out under the fat man 人太胖了 椅子垮了 发出 e g The radio is giving out a strange signal 无线电发出奇怪的信号 6 give up 放弃 不再做 某事 He has given up playing football 他不再踢球了 2 as well as 1 意为 除 外 同 和 并 也 后接动词时用动名词 e g He gave me money as well as advice 他不但给我建议还给我钱 Alice has an English Chinese dictionary as well as a Chinese English dictionary 爱丽丝不但有一本汉英词典还有一本英汉词典 The little girl is clever as well as beautiful 这个女孩不但漂亮 而且聪明 2 A as well as B 部分作主语时 谓语动词的单复数与 A 一致 e g The teacher as well as his students was praised 不仅学生而且老师也受到了表扬 比较 比较 1 与 as well as 用法相同的还有 along together with including but except besides in addition to rather than like such as e g It is you rather than I who are to speak at the meeting 是你而不是我将在会上讲话 Besides him three more men have been invited 除了他 还有三个人被邀请了 2 有一些短语作主语时 谓语动词的单复数由与它靠近的词来决定 这些短语有 or either or neither nor not only but also not but There be e g He or I am to go to the meeting 他或者我去开会 Either you or she is wrong 不是你就是她错了 3 as well as 相当于 not only but also 但表示 不但 而且 时 A as well as B 侧重 A 而 not only A but also B 侧重 B e g You as well as I are wrong Not only I but