2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题一语法知识第12讲介词与介词短语优选习题1.doc

第12讲介词与介词短语1.chinas soft power grows the increasing appreciation and understanding of china globally.(2018江苏，33)a.in line with b.in reply toc.in return for d.in honour of答案a解析句意为：中国的软实力在增长，这与中国在全球范围内得到越来越多的欣赏和理解是一致的。in line with意为“与一致”，符合语境。in reply to回复，答复；in return for作为对的回报；in honour of为了向表示尊敬。2.bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report，but he went .(2018天津，11)a.at first b.after allc.above all d.at random答案b解析句意为：鲍勃以为他不能去参加聚会了，因为他得写一份报告，但他最终还是去了。after all意为“毕竟，最终，终究”，符合语境，故选b。at first起初，最初；above all首先，最重要的是；at random任意地，漫无目的地。3.good morning，mr lees office.good morning.id like to make an appointment next wednesday afternoon.(2018北京，14)a.for b.on c.in d.at答案a解析“make an appointment for时间”表示“约某个时间见面或对某个时间做出预约安排”。本句中的make an appointment for next wednesday afternoon的意思是“约定下周三下午见面”。此题很容易误选b项，表示具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上时，前面的介词用on，但是b项表示“在某个时间做或者发生某件具体的事情”。句意为：早上好，这里是李先生的办公室。早上好。我想约下周三下午(和李先生)见个面。4.determining where we are our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏，32)a.in contrast to b.in defense ofc.in face of d.in relation to答案d解析句意为：通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置是我们生存的一项重要技能。结合句意可知，这里用in relation to“相对某事物而言”。in contrast to与相比；in defense of保卫，为辩护；in face of面对。5.when you drive through the redwood forests in california，you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017天津，12)a.among b.againstc.behind d.below答案a解析句意为：当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时，你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。among在当中，为所围绕，符合语境。against以为背景，衬托；behind在后面；below在下面。6.we offer an excellent education to our students. ，we expect students to work hard.(2017天津，13)a.on average b.at bestc.in return d.after all答案c解析句意为：我们向学生提供优质的教育，同时也希望学生努力学习。in return作为报酬，作为回报，符合语境。on average平均来看；at best充其量，至多；after all毕竟，终究。7.many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry.(2017北京，35)a.at b.inc.on d.by答案b解析句意为：很多住在海边的人们靠渔业为生。“在行业”用介词in。此题容易忽视fishing后的名词industry，以为是靠捕鱼这种方式而错选d项。8.the dictionary is ：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津，2)a.out of control b.out of datec.out of sight d.out of reach答案b解析考查“out of名词”型介词短语辨析。句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date过时，符合语境。out of control失控；out of sight看不见；out of reach够不着。9.many of the things we now benefit from would not be around thomas edison.(2015江苏，34)a.thanks to b.regardless ofc.aside from d.but for答案d解析句意为：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏，由于；regardless of不管，不顾；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果没有的话。由句意知选d项。诊断报告考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1常见介词的用法3,5,72介词短语辨析1,2,4,6,8,9解题方法1.汉语对照法在高考试题中，考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。2.固定短语法关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配，符合句子意思，这样问题就会很快被解决。如第7题。3.利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。考点1语境词义辨析1.the study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.(2016浙江，7)a.on b.in c.at d.about答案b解析句意为：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。in the cultures在的文化中，为固定搭配，故选b。2.have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea？(2015浙江，3)a.about b.to c.with d.over答案b解析句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园”。考点归纳常用介词如in，on，for，with，against，of，beyond，out of，across等含义较多，应全面掌握。(1)against有“违背，违逆；反对；对不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。an agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都反对。(2)beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为所不及”。常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/ones reach/ones control “无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/难以想象/不能相信/够不着/管不了”。to be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.被选为第一位接受此殊荣的人，我实在无法用语言表达自己的感受。(3)by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“按；以计；依据”讲。as far as i know，workers are generally paid by the month.据我所知，工人们的工资通常按月来付。(4)for有“就而言；从来看；达，计；为”之意。the biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。(5)off有“在离不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。the well hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.威尔旅馆坐落于湖尽头的主干道附近一个非常安静的地方。(6)across有“横跨”之意。it can run across water for a distance of several meters，avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet.它可以在水面上跑数米的距离，通过用脚快速拍打水面避免弄湿全身。(7)on/upon有“刚就；一就”之意，后接名词或动词-ing形式。upon hearing the funny story，everyone burst into laughter.一听到这个滑稽的故事，大家都哈哈大笑起来。(8)over可表示时间，意为“在期间；直到结束”。im sorry i didnt phone you，but ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.很抱歉我没有给您打电话，但是在过去的两周里我一直很忙。考点2介词短语辨析1.that young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help. ，hes reliable.(2016浙江，6)a.or else b.in shortc.by the way d.for one thing答案b解析句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。总之，他是可靠的。or else否则，要不然；in short总之，简言之；by the way顺便说一下；for one thing一方面。 根据句意可知答案为b。2.this meeting room is a non-smoking area.i would like to warn you that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015湖北，30)a.in advance b.in detailc.in total d.in general答案a解析句意为：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你将会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in advance。in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。考点归纳1.几组常见的介词短语(1)out of名词out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能；out of order次序颠倒；out of sight看不见；out of place不合适；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇(2)in名词 in power掌权；in good condition状态良好；in despair绝望地；in public/secret公开地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保养得好/不好；in charge负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙；in anger生气；in trouble有困难 (3)in名词介词in case of以防万一；in honor of为了纪念；in favor of支持；in memory of为了纪念；in charge of负责；in terms of从角度；in need of需要；in praise of表扬；in view of鉴于；in return for作为对的回报；in response to对的答复或反应(4)under名词under control受控；under attack遭到攻击；under way在进行中；under discussion在讨论；under consideration在讨论/考虑中(5)at名词at work在工作；at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃饭；at ease轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗 (6)on名词on fire着火；on purpose故意地；on duty值日；on the phone在打电话；on leave在休假；on holiday在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on ones way to在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行(7)to ones情感名词to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是；to ones joy使某人高兴的是；to ones disappointment令某人失望的是；to ones delight使某人高兴的是2.注意下列短语中介词的用法for nothing不花钱，免费come across the room穿过房间feel like doing sth. 想要做某事get paid by the week按周获得报酬be particular about.对苛求、挑剔with satisfaction满意地be second to none不输于任何人；不比任何东西差on ones own独自地in great quantity大量地，大批量in great demand需求量很大take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向发展keep an eye on照看，照料with the help of在的帮助下under the leadership of在的领导下the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章a bird in the tree树上的鸟apples on the tree树上的苹果tickets for the concert音乐会的票in the direction of朝着的方向from the direction of从的方向set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样3.下列短语中to 为介词belong to属于date back to追溯到look forward to盼望；期望be addicted to沉溺于be accustomed to习惯于be/get used to doing.习惯于做 be devoted to.致力于 stick to坚持1.it is known that theory is based on practice and serves practice.(2018河北区二模)a.in need b.in returnc.in turn d.in place答案c解析in need在危难中，在危急中；in return作为报答/回报；in turn依次，转而，轮流地，反过来；in place在合适的位置，适当的。句意为：众所周知，理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。故选c。2.it was warm and nice that evening.i stayed awake until eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.(2018河东区一模)a.on average b.on purposec.on business d.on time答案b解析on average平均起来；on purpose故意地；on business出差；on time按时，准时。句意为：为了能亲自好好地看一看月亮，我特地(故意地)保持清醒到11点。由句意可知答案选b。3.bob is kind，hard-working and intelligent； ，i cant speak too highly of him.(2018河北区一模)a.as a result b.in a wordc.by the way d.on the contrary答案b解析as a result结果，因此；in a word总之，一句话；by the way顺便说一句；on the contrary(与此)相反，正相反。句意为：鲍伯是一个善良、勤奋并且聪明的人；总之，我再怎么高地评价他都不为过。4.it seems a little ugly to me. ，i think its rather beautiful.(2017红桥区二模)a.in other words b.on the other handc.on the contrary d.in a nutshell答案c解析句意为：这对我来说有点难看。恰恰相反，我觉得它相当漂亮。on the contrary(与此)相反，正相反，符合句意。in other words换句话说；on the other hand另一方面；in a nutshell简而言之。5.simply raise your hand，and a taxi appears .(2017天津十二所重点中学二模)a.at no time b.at one timec.in no time d.for the time being答案c解析句意为：只要你招招手，出租车就会立即出现。in no time马上，立即，符合句意。at no time从未；at one time曾经，一度；for the time being暂时。6.your attitude life determines how happy or unhappy you are.(2017北京海淀区一模)a.towards b.withc.on d.for答案a解析句意为：你对生活的态度决定你有多快乐或不快乐。attitude to/towards对的态度。7.with the development of economy，our income has increased 10% in less than a year.(2017北京海淀区二模)a.for b.by c.on d.at答案b解析句意为：随着经济的发展，我们的收入在不到一年的时间里增长了10%。by表示数量的增减程度，符合句意。for为了；on在某方面；at(用于速度、比率等)以，达。8.the debate here will be limited in two main respects， the time available.(2017和平区一模)a.in view of b.in return forc.in addition to d.in comparison with答案a解析句意为：鉴于可用的时间，这里的辩论将限定在两个主要方面。in view of鉴于，由于，符合句意。in return for作为对的回报；in addition to除之外(还有)；in comparison with与相比较。9.hopefully，the new method will be effective，helping students to get their career plans .a.at hand b.at willc.on trial d.on track答案d解析句意为：希望这种新方法能有效地帮助学生们实现他们的职业生涯规划。on track步入正轨，做法对头，符合句意。at hand在手边，在附近；at will任意，随意；on trial受审，在试验/测试中。10.bless your heart，i know you didnt break the vase .dont cry！(2017南开区一模)a.on purpose b.by accidentc.on business d.by mistake答案a解析on purpose故意地；by accident偶然地；on business出差；by mistake弄错。由语境“我知道你不是故意的”知a项正确。专题强化练(十二).单项填空1. the security challenges in the northern part of nigeria，many chinese citizens still do business there and have built strong relationships with the locals.(2018天津一中3月考)a.in spite of b.on account ofc.in case of d.for lack of答案a解析in spite of尽管，虽然；on account of由于，因为；in case of万一；for lack of缺乏。句意为：尽管尼日利亚北部面临着安全挑战，许多中国公民仍然在那里做生意，并与当地人建立了牢固的关系。2. the culture gap and language differences，we still can understand each other through our body languages.(2018河西区一模)a.regarding b.despitec.without d.considering答案b解析regarding关于；despite虽然；without没有；considering考虑到。句意为：虽然有文化差异和语言差异，但是我们仍可以通过肢体语言理解彼此。3.he is very tired，so he needs some time duty for relaxation and rest.(2017天津一中5月考)a.through b.on c.with d.off答案d解析在英语中，on/off duty 分别译为“值日；放工”。句意为：他很累，所以他需要一些下班时间放松和休息。故选d。4.some traditional exercise like jogging，swimming and climbing may help people stay .(2017河西区二模)a.in place b.in orderc.in fashion d.in shape答案d解析句意为：一些传统的运动，如慢跑、游泳和爬山或许能帮助人们保持健康。in shape处于良好状态，健康，符合句意。in place在适当的位置，准备就绪；in order井然有序；in fashion流行。5.many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves，so its only natural that we want to learn something useful our effortsa.in view of b.in response toc.in parallel with d.in return for答案d解析句意为：我们许多人把阅读看作是对自己的一种投资，所以我们想学一些有用的东西来回报我们的努力是很自然的。in return for作为对的回报，符合句意。in view of鉴于；in response to作为对的回应；in parallel with与平行。6. the consequences of the chemical leaks，the specialists havent given final conclusion before they obtain accurate statistics.(2016天津五校联考)a.with regard to b.as a result ofc.in spite of d.in addition to答案a解析 句意为：关于化学泄露所产生的后果，专家在拿到准确的数据之前，还没有给出最后结论。with regard to关于；as a result of由于的结果；in spite of尽管； in addition to除之外。故选a。7.i told you to keep the dog the bed.i dont want dog hair all over the bedspread.a.over b.alongc.towards d.off答案d解析句意为：我告诉过你让狗离床远点。我不想让床单上到处都是狗毛。keep sb. /sth. off sb. /sth. 使不接近(或不接触、远离)某人/事物。8.the magician picked several persons from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.a.by accident b.at randomc.at risk d.on average答案b解析句意为：魔术师从观众中随意挑选了几个人，请他们帮助他进行表演。by accident偶然；at random随便地；at risk冒险；on average平均。 9.he was born in a chinese immigrant family who made their living duck farming and fruit trading.(2016江苏百校联考)a.against b.inc.from d.for答案c解析句意为：他出生在一个以养鸭场和水果交易为生的华裔移民家庭。make a living from (doing) sth. make a living by (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为生。10.id like several hundred books like this one.we may be ，but i can order some for you within two days.(2016河西区三调)a.in store b.out of controlc.in short d.out of stock答案d解析句意为：我想要几百本这样的书。我们可能没存货了，但是两天内我可以为你订购一些。out of stock无现货的，符合句意。in store储备着，有货；out of control失控；in short简言之。11.he has set us a good example by serving people heart and soul， his personal gain and loss.(2016南开区一模)a.in terms of b.regardless ofc.in favor of d.by means of 答案b解析句意为：他全心全意为人民服务，不计个人得失，为大家树立了好榜样。in terms of就而言；regardless of不管；in favor of支持；by means of通过。根据句意可知选b项。12. your help，we could not have finished such hard work in time.(2016河北区二模)a.in spite of b.but forc.thanks to d.as for答案b解析句意为：要不是有你的帮助，我们不可能及时完成这么繁重的任务。but for倘若没有，要不是(常常用于虚拟语气句子中，表示暗含条件)；in spite of尽管，即使；thanks to幸亏，多亏；as for至于。该题易误选c项，用thanks to表示应为“thanks to your help，we finished such hard work in time.”。13.my mums letters really encouraged me my illness.(2016北京东城区二模)a.over b.forc.throughout d.within答案c解析句意为：在我生病期间妈妈的信件真的自始至终鼓励着我。throughout自始至终，符合语境。14.john accepted the championship award the team.(2016和平区一模)a.in honour of b.in favour ofc.on account of d.on behalf of答案d解析句意为：约翰代表球队接受了冠军奖励。on behalf of代表，符合句意。in honour of为了纪念；in favour of支持；on account of因为，由于。15.it was obvious that the meeting was concerned the housing reform and everyone present was concerned their own interests.a.with；with b.with；forc.for；about d.about；with答案b解析句意为：很显然，这次会议是有关房屋改革的，每个在场的人都很关心他们自己的利益。be concerned with与有关；be concerned for/about关心，为担忧。故选b。.阅读理解(2018天津十二区县二模)american students often have to take out loans to help pay for their education.some students are very interested in the cost of undergraduate and graduate study in the united states.the first thing we should know is that the prices are different from school to school.the private colleges and universities generally cost more than public ones.another thing to keep in mind is that not all students pay the “published price” of a school.financial aid and scholarships may reduce the cost.the average published price for undergraduate study at a four-year public college was about seven thousand dollars.that was for students from “in state”.students from other states as well as international students paid an average of more than eighteen thousand dollars.this is the bad newsinternational students often have to pay the highest prices.and these averages were only for tuition(学费).food，housing，books and supplies can add ten to twelve thousand dollars a year.the college board says the average tuition at a private college was about twenty-six thousand dollars.many students save money by starting their education at a two-year public college，also known as a community college.the average tuition this year was about two thousand five hundred dollars.a few american colleges provide a free education，including the military and merchant marine academies.they accept some foreign students.berea college is a small christian school in berea，kentucky，which pays all first-year costs for its foreign students.but they are expected to pay one thousand dollars a year after that.summer jobs are provided to help meet this cost.costs for graduate study in the united states also differ from school to school，and even from program to program.here too，public universities charge more for out-of-state tuition.for example，at the university of kentucky，out-of-state graduate tuition averaged about eighteen thousand dollars this year.in-state was about nine thousand.16.the passage is mainly talking about .a.how much an undergraduate or graduate needs to pay for studying in the united statesb.how an undergraduate or graduate can choose a suitable program or college in the usac.how much a foreign undergraduate or graduate needs to pay for studying in the usad.why so many undergraduates and graduates are studying in the usa答案a解析主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述的是一个本科生或研究生在美国上大学要花多少钱。故选a。17.generally speaking，the annual cost of a foreign college student in a public college in the usa is .a.3640 thousand dollarsb.1719 thousand dollarsc.26 thousand dollarsd.2830 thousand dollars答案d解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“students from other states as well as international.more than eighteen thousand dollars.”以及“food，housing，books and supplies can add ten to twelve thousand dollars a year.”可知，一般来说，在美国公立大学上学的外国大学生的年平均费用是2.8万3万美元。18.a foreign student who chooses berea college is able to .a.get more career opportunities during summer vacationsb.reduce the cost of receiving education in the usa a lotc.have the chance to get along with world famous professorsd.earn a great deal of money when they are at college答案b解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“berea college is a small christian school in berea，kentucky，which pays all first-year costs for its foreign students.”可知，选择贝里亚学院的外国学生能够减少在美国接受教育的费用。19.what should an american graduate do in order to save money according to the passage?a.he should choose a public university in his own state.b.he should choose those unfamous public universities.c.he should avoid changing his major at college.d.he should try to do some part-time jobs.答案a解析推理判断题。根据第二段及最后一段内容可知，在州内上大学的费用比去别的州上大学的费用低，所以为了省钱，学生应该在自己的州选择一所公立大学，而不能去其他地区上学。20.what can be inferred from the passage? a.the college tuition in america is higher than that in other countries.b.the higher the tuition is，the better the college is in the usa.c.not all the parents in the usa will pay their childre