学派网 2013职称英语_点题班_理工模拟试题 理工B.doc

学派网2013年职称英语学派网2013年职称英语点题预测班理工(B)讲义第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy.A. watchedB. gatheredC. shoutedD. walked2. Most babies can take in a wide range of food easily.A. bringB. keepC. digestD. serve3. What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.A. confusesB. shocksC. influencesD. concerns4. I think 7 a drink is a bit steep, dont you?A. tightB. highC. lowD. cheap5. Our aim was to update the health service and we succeeded.A. offerB. provideC. fundD. modernize6. The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A. hotB. heavyC. freshD. windy7. The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.A. bigB. longC. newD. empty8. Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted “Joe, Joe, Joe.”A. jumpedB. maintainedC. repeatedD. approached9. All the flats in the building had the same layout.A. arrangementB. colorC. sizeD. function10. Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.A. slightlyB. partlyC. faintlyD. completely11. The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.A. needB. hateC. loveD. pity12. Do we have to wear these name tags?A. listsB. formsC. labelsD. codes13. He inspired many young people to take up the sport.A. allowedB. calledC. advisedD. encouraged14. The city center was wiped out by the bomb.A. destroyedB. coveredC. reducedD. moved15. The storm caused severe damage.A. physicalB. accidentalC. environmentalD. serious阅读第二篇第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）Computer MouseThe basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens, graphics tablets and touch screens, but the mouse is still our workhorse.The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks. How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.16. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. According to the author, general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Intelligence: a Changed View1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value therefore, was as a predictor of childrens future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.2. Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.3. There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence, whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigating what happens in this interaction.4. Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 per cent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between privileged and disadvantaged children may be due to the latters lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.5. These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, one of them is learning how to learn.6. The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstrained classes, fewer children will be given the label low IQ which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not societys eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.A. Main Results of Recent ResearchesB. Popular Doubt about the New ViewC. Effect of Environment on IntelligenceD. Intelligence and AchievementE. Impact on School EducationF. A Changed View of Intelligence23. Paragraph 2 24. Paragraph 4 25. Paragraph 5 26. Paragraph 6 27. It was once believed , and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence.28. More recent researches has shown that intelligence is only partly inherited .29. It can be inferred from the passage that a child will if he has more opportunities to communicate with others by means of language.30. Children were not just , but they can be taught to be more intelligent at school. A. born to be more intelligent or less intelligentB. have a better chance to develop his intelligenceC. taught to be more intelligentD. that intelligence was something a baby was born withE. and because of the lack of communication with his classmatesF. and partly has to do with a childs living environment阅读判断第4部分：阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Batteries Built by Viruses31. According to the first paragraph, people try to stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.32. What is Belchers team doing at present? It is making batteries with viruses.33. What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word shrink appearing in paragraph 5? Expand.34. Which of the following is true of Belchers battery mentioned in paragraph 6? It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.35. How tiny is one battery part? Its width is one tenth of a hair.词汇选项第二篇Listening Device Provides Landslide Early WarningA device that provides early warning of a landslide by monitoring vibrations in soil is being tested by UK researchers. The device could save thousands of lives each year by warning when an area should be evacuated, the scientists say. Such natural disasters are common in countries that experience sudden, heavy rainfall, and can also be triggered by earthquakes and even water erosion.Landslides start when a few particles of soil or rock within a slope start to move, but the early stages can be hard to spot. Following this initial movement, “slopes can become unstable in a matter of hours or minutes, says Nell Dixon at tough borough University, UK. He says a warning system that monitors this movement might be enough to evacuate a block of flats or clear a road, and save lives.The most common way to monitor a slope for signs of an imminent landslide is to watch for changes in its shape. Surveyors can do this by measuring a site directly, or sensors sunk into boreholes or fixed above ground can be used to monitor the shape of a slope. Slopes can, however, change shape without triggering a landslide, so either method is prone to causing false alarms. Now Dixons team has developed a device that listens for the vibrations caused when particles begin moving within a slope.The device takes the form of a steel pipe dropped into a borehole in a slope. The borehole is filled in with gravel around the pipe to help transmit high-frequency vibrations generated by particles within the slope. These vibrations pass up the tube and are picked up by a sensor on the surface. Software analyses the vibration signal to determine whether a landslide may be imminent.The device is currently being tested in a 6-metre-tall artificial clay embankment in Newcastle, UK. Early results suggest it should provide fewer false positives than existing systems. Once it has been carefully and thoroughly tested, the device could be used to create a complete early-warning system for dangerous slopes.Locations with a significant risk of landslides could definitely benefit from a machine like this, says Adam Poulter, an expert at the British Red Cross. As long as it doesnt cost too much.” But, Poulter adds that an early-warning system may not be enough on its own. You need to have the human communication, he says. Making systems that get warnings to those who need them can be difficult.” 阅读第三篇36. What does Such natural disasters in the first paragraph refer to?A. Sudden, heavy rainfall.B. Earthquakes.C. Water erosion.D. Landslides.37. Which of the following statements is true of landslides?A. The initial movement is hard to spot.B. They start with a movement of a few particles of soil or rock.C. They can be destructive in a matter of hours or minutes.D. All of the above.38. Why do researchers develop a new device to monitor signs of landsides?A. Because the new device can measure the site directly.B. Because the new device can be sunk into boreholes or fixed above ground.C. Because the common methods can cause false alarms.D. Because the common methods are useless.39. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the device, according to Paragraph 4?A. It is filled in with gravel.B. It consists of a steel pipe.C. It is dropped into a borehole filled in with gravel.D. It is connected to a sensor on the surface.40. According to the context, what does the word positives in the fifth paragraph mean?A. Positive electric charges.B. Evidences.C. Warnings.D. Predictions.补全短文第三篇Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn; If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.“If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement ,” said Levine. In other words, girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are, then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word “anxiety” to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls, 52 boys and 17 first- and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores.The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers; To find out which teachers were anxious about math, the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example, was probably anxious about math.Boys, on average, were unaffected by a teachers anxiety. On average, girls with math- anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plus, on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy, 20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.“This is an interesting study, but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,” said David Geary, a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia. 阅读第二篇41. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph? A. Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.B. Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.C. Female teachers math skills have influence over girl students math skills.D. Female teachers confidence in their math skills is related to girls math skills.42. What is implied in the third paragraph?A. Math teachers, like math learners, do not like the subject due to its difficulty.B. A difficult subject like math may affect teachers confidence in teaching the subject.C. Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.D. Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.43. According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltA. nervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.B. helpless saving the numbers of a sales receipt.C. uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.D. hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.44. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA. prove a strong link between female teachers math anxiety and their female students math achievements.B. show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female students.C. provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females.D. discover a strong link between teachers math anxiety and their students math achieve