高一英语 直接引语和间接引语 ppt.ppt

teachingaim 1 helpstudentslearnthedefinitionandfunctionofdirectspeechandreportedspeech 2 helpstudentslearnhowtochangedirectspeechintoreportedspeechindifferenttensesandsentencestructure module4unit1advertisementgrammarandusagedirectspeechandreportedspeech 直接引语和间接引语 directandreported indirect speech leadin t whatdidyoueatthismorning s1 iate t whatdids1say s2 s2 s1saidhe shehadeaten directspeech reportedspeech weusedirectspeechtoreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaid ifwewritethespeechdown thewordswillusuallyappearinquotationmarks changethefollowingsentenceintoreportedspeech paulsaid ivisitedchinalastyear paulsaidhehadvisitedchinatheyearbefore 时态 人称 时间副词 直接引语变为间接引语要注意的几个问题 一 时态问题 一 如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时 则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态 例如 直接引语 间接引语 1 hesays iamverybusytoday 1 hesaysthatheisverybusytoday 2 hewillsay ihavewateredtheflowers 2 hewillsaythathehaswateredtheflowers examples 直接引语 间接引语 1 shesaid chinahasbeenusingpsastoeducatepeople 1 shesaidthatchinahadbeenusingpsastoeducatepeople 2 hesaid iamdoingmyhomeworkat9o clockyesterday 2 hesaidthathewasdoinghomeworkat9o clockthedaybefore 4 ihavereceivedtheletter tomsaidtome 4 tomsaidtomethathehadreceivedtheletter 3 hesaid i mleavingforbeijingthisafternoon 3 hesaidthathewasleavingforbeijingthatafternoon examples 直接引语 间接引语 examples 直接引语 间接引语 5 shesaid iwenttoparislastyear 5 shesaidthatshehadgonetoparistheyearbefore 6 shesaid ihadalreadyfinishedtheproject 6 shesaidthatshehadalreadyfinishedtheproject 二 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态 直接引语变为间接引语时 从句谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化 规则如下 时态呼应 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时 1 直接引语表述的是客观真理 变为间接引语时 时态不变 eg 1 thegeographyteachersaid thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest specialcase hesaidthatmagnetattractsiron 2 hesaid magnet 磁铁 attractsiron 2 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效 变间接引语时 时态可不变 eg 1 thechildrensaid welovethisgame theytoldusthattheylovethatgame 2 hesaid iwasbornin1990 hesaidthathewasbornin1990 二 代词等的变化 1 hesaid thesebooksaremine hesaidthatthosebookswerehis 2 myfatherremindedme itistwelveo clocknow myfatherremindedmethatitwastwelveo clockthen 3 marysaid ifinishedthebooklastyear yesterday threedaysago marysaidthatshehadfinishedthebooktheyearbefore thedaybefore threedaysbefore 4 hesaid iputthebookhere hesaidthathehadputthebookthere 5 theteachersaid iwillcomeheretomorrow theteachersaidthathewouldgotherethenextday 代词等一般也应作相应的变化 变化方法如下表 this these that those now today then thatday thisweek month thatweek month yesterday thedaybefore lastyear theyearbeforethepreviousyearetc threedaysago threedaysbefore nextweek month thenextday thenextweek month tomorrow here there come go lecture changedirectspeechintoindirectspeechp10 howtoreportstatements questionsandimperative 陈述句 statements 变为以that引导的宾语从句 陈述句序 例如 直接引语 间接引语 1 shesaid ourtrainwillarriveinfiveminutes shesaid that theirtrainwouldarriveinfiveminutes 一 toreportstatements weuseobjectclausesintroducedby that 2 psasareoftenplacedforfree thewritersaid thewriterexplainedthatpsasareoftenplacedforfree besides tell say thefollowingwordsarealsousedtoreportstatements adviseagreeexplaininsistpromisewarnremindsuggest 一般疑问句变成if whether是否 引导的宾语从句 eg 直接引语 间接引语 1 hesaid canyouswim john 1 heaskedjohnif whetherhecouldswim 2 theteacheraskedtheclass haveyouallunderstoodme 2 theteacheraskedtheclassif whethertheyhadallunderstoodher 二 toreportyes no questions weuseobjectclausesintroducedbywhether if 特殊疑问句变为由who what when why who how等疑问词引导的宾语从句 eg 直接引语 间接引语 1 georgesaid whenwillyougetbackfromlondon john 1 georgeaskedjohnwhenhewouldgetbackfromlondon howtochangethisdirectspeechintoindirectspeech iaskedher howcanthatbetrue iaskedherhowthatcanbetrue 三 toreportwh questions weuseobjectclausesintroducedbywh words 2 wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad billasked billaskedwhereihadfoundtheadsforjobsabroad 直接引语是祈使句 则间接引语变为动词不定式 即 ask tellsb not todosth eg 1 theteachersaidtotheboy openthewindow theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow 四 toreportimperativesentences 祈使句 weusethestructure reportingverb obj not to infinitive don tworry mike jensaid jenaskedmikenottoworry 2 thesalesmansaidtome readwhatsomeofoursatisfiedcustomerssay thesalesmanaskedmetoreadwhatsomeoftheirsatisfiedcustomerssaid thereareotherverbsthatcanbeusedinthisstructuretoreportimperativesentencesadviseencourageinviteremindwarn 1 don tbelieveeveryadvertisementyouread michellesaidtome michelleadvisedmenottobelieveeveryadvertisementiread 2 don tforgettotakeyourmedicine dad mydaughtersaid mydaughterremindednottoforgettotakemymedicine 练习 直接引语变间接引语练习题1 heasked howmuchdoyoupayforthecomputer heasked forthecomputer a didyoupayhowmuchb youpaidhowmuchc howmuchdidipayd howmuchipaid2 haveyouseenthefilm heaskedme heaskedme a hadiseenthefilmb haveiseenthefilmc ifihaveseenthefilmd whetherihadseenthefilm3 pleaseclosethewindow hesaidtome he me thewindow a saidto tocloseb toldto closingc asked toclosed saidto pleaseclose 宾语从句要用陈述句语序 一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句 tips 直接引语为祈使句 变间接引语时 主句中的动词一般换用ask 请求 tell order 命令 invite warn 警告 advise等 而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式 即ask tell order invite warn advisesb not todosth 4 hesaid mother theboyisverynaughty he verynaughty a saidhismotherthattheboywasb saidtohismotherthattheboyisc toldhismotherthattheboywasd spoketohismotherthattheboywas5 you vealreadygotwell haven tyou sheasked sheasked a ifihavealreadygotwell hadn tyoub whetherihadalreadygotwellc haveialreadygotwelld hadialreadygotwell 反意疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句 6 heaskedme withme a whatthematterisb whatthematerwasc what sthematterd whatwasthematter7 hesaid don tdothatagain he me thatagain a saidtome nottodob saidtome don tdoc toldme don tdod toldme nottodo what作主语 whenwillhegofishing doyouknow a whenwillhegofishingb whenhegofishingc whenhewillgofishingd whendoeshegofishingwhatdoesshewant idon tknowwhat a doesshewantb didshewantc shewantedd shewants c d 选择题 changethefollowingdirectspeechintoindirectspeech 1 iwanttobeabusinessman anniesaid anniesaidthat beabusinessman 2 listentomeanddon tmakesomuchnoise children saidourteacher ourteacheraskedthechildren and makesomuchnoise she wanted to to listen to him not to 3 theteachersaidtous openyourbooks theteacheraskedustoopenourbooks 4 theoldladysaidtotheboy couldyoupleasecarrythebagforme theoldladyaskedtheboyif whetherhecouldcarrythebagforher 5 shesaystotim iwillcometoseeyousoon shesaystotim that shewillcometoseehimsoon 6 misssuasked whyareyoulateforschool misssuaskedwhyiwaslateforschool marysaid iwillposttheletteronmywaytoschool 玛丽说 我会在去学校的路上寄出这封信 直接引语 marysaidthatshewouldposttheletteronherwaytoschool 玛丽说她会在去学校的路上寄出那封信 间接引语 whendidyouseeher john jackasked 约翰 你何时见到她的 杰克问 直接引语 jackaskedjohnwhenhehadseenher 杰克问约翰何时见到她的 间接引语 例如 1 mr smithsaid iamveryfrightened 史密斯先生说 我很害怕 mr smithsaidthathewasveryfrightened 史密斯先生说他很害怕 2 shesaid ireadthebookyesterday 她说 我昨天看了这部小说 shesaidthatshehadreadthebookthedaybefore 她说她前一天看了那部小说 3 shesaid ihaven tseenhimsinceapril 她说 我从四月份就没看到过他 shesaidthatshehadn tseenhimsinceapril 她说她从四月份就没看到过他 4 tomsaid ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper 汤姆说 我在晚饭前就已做完了家庭作业 tomsaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper 汤姆说他在晚饭前就已做完了家庭作业 5 tomsaid i lldoitaftersupper 汤姆说 我将在饭后做这件事 tomsaidthathewoulddoitaftersupper 汤姆说他将在饭后做那件事 注 如果直接引语表示客观真理 在变为间接引语时 时态不变 例如 theteachertoldus theearthmovesroundthesun 老师告诉我们 地球绕着太阳转 theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesroundthesun 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转 转述祈使句时的变化 如果直接引语是表示请求的口气 则间接引语用asksb todosth 如果直接引语是表示命令的口气 则间接引语用tell ordersb todosth 否定式是nottodosth 注意人称 时态做相应变化 例 donoteatcoldfood thedoctorsaid thedoctortoldthepatientnottoeatcoldfood dosomeshoppingforme please hesaidtoher heaskedhertodosomeshoppingforhim youmustdoeverythingasido theprofessorsaid theprofessororderedhisstudentstodoeverythingashedid 请将下列句子进行直接引语和间接引语的互换 1 hesaidtoher goaway heorderedhertogoaway 2 mothersaidtome comebackbefore10 00 mothertoldmetocomebackbefore10 00 3 sheaskedustositdown shesaidtoas pleasesitdown c d四个选项中 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 1 heaskedme iwouldgotobeijingbyairthenextday a thatifb ifc thatwhetherd how2 joyce pleasedon topenthewindow pardon i openthewindow a tellyoudon tb tellyounottoc toldyoudidn td toldyounotto3 he theydidn tstartearlytheywouldn tcatchthefirstbus a saidthatifb askedifc askedwhetherd saidthatwhether4 heasked fortheviolin a didipayhowmuchb ipaidhowmuchc howmuchipaidd howmuchdidipay5 theteacheraskedus somuchnoise 北京2003 a don tmakeb notmakec notmakingd nottomake6 thedoctoraskedmewhat withme a iswrongb wrongisc waswrongd wrongwas7 heaskedtheboywhere a hismotherwasb washismotherc hismotherisd ishismother8 theysaidatlastthatthey betterstartoutatonce a hadhadb hadc hadbeend was9 theteachersaidthatdoubt thekeyofknowledge a wereb arec wasd is10 theactorsaidhe bornin1984 a wasb isc bed hadbeenii 将下列直接引语变为间接引语 间接引语变为直接引语 1 mr stonesaid m