敦煌学术语汉英对照表.doc

敦煌学术语英汉对照表1. 蓝宝石金刚杵 blue diamond vajra staff2. 斯坦因Aurel Stein3. 伯希和Paul Pelliot4. 景教Nestorianism5. 回鹘Ughur6. 观音avalokitesvara7. 大势至菩萨mahasthamaprapta8. 如意宝珠cintamani9. 因陀罗indra10. 梵天brahma11. 炽盛光如来tejaprabha12. 法轮dharma cakra/the wheel of dharma13. 契丹khitan14. 阿弥陀amitabha15. 万字符svastika16. 法华经saddharmapundarika/lotus sutra17. 舍利塔sarihani/stupa of the Buddhas ashes18. 佛定尊胜陀罗尼经变illuatrations of the Buddhosnisah Darani19. 十轮经变illustration of Ten Wheels Sutra20. 祆教zoroastrianism21. 摩醯首罗天mahesvara22. 那罗延天naraya23. 帝释天indra24. 印度教Hinduism25. 婆罗门教brahmanism26. 大自在天mahamahesvara27. 鸠摩罗天kumara28. 毗那耶迦vinayaka29. 三叉戟trident30. 湿婆shiva31. 风神veshparkar/wind god32. 娜娜nana33. 贵霜朝kushan dynasty34. 密特拉mitra35. 日天aditya/sun deva36. 月天candra/moon devi37. 水天 varuna/water devi38. 穹庐顶/圆顶dome ceiling39. 东汉画像砖eastern Han carved tile40. 石棺sarcophagus41. 人非人non-human image42. 粟特Sogdiana/Sogdian43. 突厥Turk/Turky44. 萨珊王朝sasanian dynasty45. 五方佛Buddhas of the Five Directions46. 莲花生Padmasambhava47. 普贤samantabhadra48. 佛、法、僧buddha dharmasangha49. 文殊 majushri50. 大日如来mahavairocana51. 金刚手 vajra pani52. 手印 mudra53. 卒堵坡/塔stupa54. 菩萨boddhisattva55. 弥勒maitreya56. 外道heterodox?57. 千佛化现 illusion of thousand buddhas58. 白沙瓦peshawa59. 菩提树bodhi tree60. 卢舍那佛vairochana61. 金刚vajra62. 龟兹kucha63. 法衣cassock/monastic robe64. 六道图six paths of rebirth65. 八相变eight aspects of Buddha life66. 大乘mahayana67. 犍陀罗gandhara68. 释迦shakya69. 波罗奈国varnanas70. 法轮dharma-cakra71. 三宝three jewels72. 小乘hynayana73. 匈奴hun74. 戒律commandment/monastic disciplines75. 萨倕太子本生故事Jataka of Prince Mahasattva76. 夜叉yaksha/yakshi77. 业karma78. 护法dharmapala/guardians of the Law79. 阎浮提主 Lord of Jambudvipa80. 力士warrior81. 阿难ananda82. 迦叶kasyapa83. 涅槃nirvana84. 维摩诘Vimalakirti85. 曼陀罗mandala86. 天盖canopy87. 金刚铃vajra bell88. 天女celestial lady89. 阎魔天yama90. 吉祥坐auspicious pose91. 降魔坐krisssword pose92. 除盖帐菩萨sarvanivaranavishkambin93. 不空娟索菩萨amoghapsa94. 与愿印wish-granting mudra95. 无畏印fear-not mudra96. 密宗tantric/esoteric sect97. 触地印earth-touching mudra98. 世俗化 vulgarization/secularization99. 青铜像bronze statue100. 本地佛教regional Buddhism101. 陀罗尼Dhrans102. 护身符 amulet103. 印章 seal104. 仙丹 elixir105. “四苦” Four Miseries106. 净土歌赞Pure Land Carol107. 六祖坛经 The Sutra Spoken by the Sxith Patriarch108. 作孽 sin-committing109. 降魔 demon-conquering110. 空间结构 the spatial structure111. 藏经洞 Library cave112. 灵验记 An Efficacious Record113. 行像活动 tht statue events114. 三阶教 three-stage religion115. 神仙 immortal being116. 妙法莲华经 the Lotus Sutra117. 吐蕃统治Tibetan Reign118. 佛像东传 the transmission of buddhist images to East Asia119. 敦煌山水画Dunhunag landscape paitings 120. 空间表现the representation of space121. 供养人patron122. 造像 image-making 123. 人物画 figure painting124. 绢画 silk painting125. 八大菩萨曼陀罗 the Eight Mahaboddhisattva Mandala126. 视觉联系 visual links127. 胡化因素 foreign elemnts128. 波罗王朝Pala Dynasty 129. 地藏菩萨Ksitigarbha 130. 虚空藏菩萨Akasagarbha 131. 菱形印 rhombus seal132. 花供养菩萨flower-offering bodhisattva 133. 香供养菩萨incense-offering bodhisattva134. 灯供养菩萨lamp-offering bodhisattva135. 舞供养菩萨dance-offering bodhisattva136. 歌供养菩萨song-offering bodhisattva137. 金刚索vajra noose 138. 如意轮cintamani cakra139. 净瓶water bottle140. 西魏 the Western Wei Dynasty141. 克孜尔石窟 Kizil Grottoes142. 黎北岚 Penelope Riboud143. 窑前殿堂palaces and halls in front of the cave144. 平面图plane figure145. 立面图elvation drawing146. 华尔纳Langdon Warner147. 敦煌文物研究所Dunhuang Historic Relic Intitute148. 国立敦煌艺术研究所the State Dunhuang Art Institute149. 石窟档案室 grotto file library150. 脚手架架穴 scaffold holes 151. 抹泥plaster 152. 瘞窟 tomb cave153. 僧房窟 Biddhist quarter cave154. 多室禅窟 multi-room Buddhist cave155. 廪窟storage cave156. 西夏文 Wester Xia Language157. 八思巴文Phags-pa158. 叙利亚文Syrian 159. 木活字 wood type160. 通道 passage161. 八瓣莲花 eight-lotus 162. 夯土 rammed earth163. 条砖 soap brick164. 建筑木构件 timber components 165. 石门枕 crossdrift pillow166. 鎏金铜菩萨 fine gold bodhisattva167. 三维激光扫描技术the three-dimensional laser scanning system 168. 全景数码摄影the panoramic digital photography 169. 九层楼 the Nine-storey Building170. 北大像North Buddha Statue171. 重飞四级 four-storey eaves172. 下寺 the Lower Temple173. 上寺 the Upper Temple174. 结社造窟 building caves by societies175. 法身佛 Dharmakaya Buddha176. 鹿野苑the deer park177. 执金刚神 sorcerer178. 天神deity179. 笈多朝 the Gupta Dynasty180. 萨尔纳特Sarnath 181. 莲花座 the Lotus Throne182. 菩萨装天众Heavenly Beings in Bodhisattva Csotumes183. 焰肩佛 Buddha with flames on the shoulders184. 背屏back screen185. 修行 cultivate/ cultivation186. 缦网 silk fabric187. 大司马 minister of war188. 四壁 the four walls189. 中心柱 the center pillar190. 九色鹿本生故事 the story of nine-color deer191. 因缘故事 karma story192. 东王公龙车 the Dragon Chariot of East Duke193. 歇山顶the slanting top194. 三远法 three ways of perspective in Chinese traditional paintings195. 护国宗教National Religion 196. 高丽八万大藏经 Tripitaka Koreana197. 八角座octagonal throne198. 阿弥陀三尊 Amitabha triad199. 上品三生the upper three levels of rebirth 200. 护国神 the nation-protecting deities201. 往生俗人reborn devotees202. 弩家crossbar maker 203. 都料 commander-in-chief204. 卧佛the reclining Buddha205. 西域技法 the Western Region Drawing Techniques206. 飞天Apsaras207. 汉简Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty208. 烽燧遗址the beacon tower site209. 悬泉置遗址 Xuanquanzhi Site210. 天龙八部或天部类 the demi-gods and semi-devils211. 畏兽frightening animals 212. 佛爷庙 Buddha Temple213. 葡萄纹 grape pattern214. 蔓草纹turnip pattern 215. 小圆毯a small round woolen carpet216. 舞筵 dancing mat217. 洞窟功德主cave merits and virtues owner 218. 中亚the Central Asia219. 韦陀希 Vaidehi220. teaching mudra 221. reasoning mudra222. 觉胜印S upreme Enlightenment Mudra 223. 转法轮印turning-the-wheel-of-law mudra 224. 说法印exposition mudra 225. 合掌 verneration mudra 226. 伽蓝 samgha-arama227. 僧伽蓝 sangharama228. 主尊 the main image229. 阿胡拉玛兹达Ahura Mazda 230. 巴米扬 Bamiyan231. 护火图像 fire-protecting pictures232. 不空成就 amoghasiddi233. 禅定 dhyanasana234. 胁侍菩萨 flanking Bodhisattva235. 神变miraculous transformations236. 莲茎 the lotus stalk237. 上求下化238. rhat239. 法身如来 dharmakaya(doctrine) buddha240. 色身佛 physical body buddha241. 菩萨万行 法身常往242. 世尊lord of worlds243. 一乘法 the one yama/ the vehicle of one-ness244. 尊格status245. 佛传故事 the stories of Buddhas life246. 政权regime247. 朝臣courtier248. 思益梵天249. 游戏坐250. 观无量寿变经amitayur