高三英语语法复习课件：非谓语动词.ppt

grammar非谓语动词非谓语动词功能比较todo的复合结构 ingform的复合结构非谓语动词的否定式 ingform与pp的区别独立主格结构 1 谓语动词与非谓语动词 在句子中担任谓语的动词 叫做谓语动词 在句子中担任主语 宾语 表语 定语和状语等的动词 叫做非谓语动词 weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul iamreadinganovel shefoundenglishhardtolearn seeingisbelieving theresultsobtainedarequitesatisfactory pleasestopspeaking 谓语 谓语 状语 主语和表语 定语 宾语 2 非谓语动词的分类 不定式 infinitive 分词 participle 动名词 gerund 3 非谓语动词的特点 1 不能单独做谓语 但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语 yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday 2 具有动词的特征 可以有自己的宾语或状语 thepartycalledonustoservethepeople 3 连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语 thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom laughingmerrily tobefrank yourplanisnotpracticable 非谓语动词功能比较 eg ilikeskating butidon tliketoskatetoday playingwithfireisdangerous lookout toplaywithfireisdangerous eg thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters 主语 todo表示具体的动作 ingform表示泛指的动作 2 thereisno 主语 句型中 多用 ingform there snosayingwhathe llbedoingnext there snotellingwhathe sgoingtodo 3 不定式短语作主语时 往往放在谓语之后 用it作形式主语 itisrighttogiveupsmoking itmademeveryhappytohearhertalkaboutit 注意1 itis adj forsbtodosthitis adj ofsbtodosth for引出动作发出者 of引出adj修饰的对象 主语 itisnouse gooddoing 注意2 itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp it simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat 注意 常用在of句型中的adj有 kind good nice wise unwise clever foolish cruel careless stupid naughty polite impolite silly wrong brave honest noble right rude等 youareverykindtogivemesomehelp youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat 主语 theofficersnarrowlyescaped inthehotbattle a havekilledb tokillc tobekilledd beingkilled don tyouremember themanbefore a seeingb toseec sawd tohaveseen haveyoudecidedwhen yes tomorrowmorning a tobeleavingb toleavec willyouleaved areyouleavingshe mewhenipassedby a didn tpretendtoseeb pretendednotseeingc pretendednottoseed pretendedtohavenotseen 宾语 宾语 注意 不定式短语作宾语时 如果还带有宾语补足语 往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后 而用it作形式宾语 ifind feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim find think feel make considerit adj n todosth myteachermadeitaruleonlytospeakenglishinclass 考点一 demand want expect promise determine refuse offer fail manage learn agree seem hope decide prepare pretend wish start afford等 todo 考点二 admit appreciate avoid consider delay deny enjoy escape excuse face fancy 设想 feellike finish forgive giveup imagine include keep mention mind miss pardon practise putoff resist risk suggest can thelp can tstand 无法忍受 等 doing 宾语 like love hate prefer begin start continue intend doing todobegintoknow understand realize 考点三 forget remember regret goon like mean stop try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语 但意义上有区别 irememberdoingtheexercise imustremembertodoit imeantocomeearlytoday missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour 我记得做过练习 我必须记得去做这事 我打算今早些来 误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时 宾语 regrettosay tell inform 考点四 allow advise forbid permit doingallow advise forbid permit sbtodobeallowed advised forbidden permitted todowedon tallow here wedon tallowstudents studentsarenotallow smoking tosmoke 宾语 tosmoke 考点五 在短语devote to lookforwardto stickto beusedto objectto getdownto be kept busy beworth havedifficulty trouble problem in haveagood wonderful hardtime in doing例如 ilookforwardto fromyousoon hearing 考点六 动词need require want作 需要 解 doingtobedonethewindowrequires cleaning tobecleaned 宾语 1 thestorywas wewereall a moving movingb moved movedc moving movedd moved moving2 thereisa expressiononhisface maybetheproblemistoodifficultforhim a puzzledb puzzlingc puzzled topuzzle3 withhissontoo thefatherwassad a disappointedb disappointing 定语和表语 eg heattendsthemeetingbeingheldintheroomnow heattendedthemeetingheldyesterday hewillattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow 2 表示被修饰词的内容时 用todo eg shehasastrongwishtogotocollege theway chance ability right willingnesstodo 1 从时态上看 ingform表示正在进行的动作 pp表示已经完成的动作 todo表示将来的动作 定语 注意 不定式动词在介词but except besides后面时 如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式 那么 这些介词后的不定式不带to 否则要带to shecoulddonothingbutcry whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim ihavenochoicebuttogo 3 ihavesomebooksforyoutoread heislookingforaroomtolivein thereisnothingtoworryabout 定语 动名词作定语singingcompetitionswimmingpooldiningcaropeningspeechdrinkingcuplivingroomtypingpaperwaitingroomwritingdeskwashingmachinefrying pansleeping pillwalkingstickteachingmethod注 动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途 定语 ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface youcanfeeltheair againstyourface a movedb movingc movesd tomovetheywouldnotallowhim acrosstheenemyline a toriskgoingb riskingtogoc forrisktogod riskgoingdon tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth a runb runningc beingrund torun 宾语补足语 eg ifoundhim themoney steal ifoundthemoney whenhecametohimself hefoundhimself byanoldlady lookafter ioftenhearmary thisenglishsong ingform与宾语为主动关系 强调动作正在进行 pp与宾语为被动关系 强调动作已经完成 to do只单纯表示一个事实 强调动作的全过程 补足语 stealing stolen beinglookedafter sing 注意2 在feel hear listento lookat notice observe see watch have 1et make等词后的补足语中 不定式不带to 但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时 就必须带to 注意1 ask advise allow permit get beg cause command order force oblige encourage instruct remind warn want wish expect prefer wouldlike callon dependon askfor waitfor help sbtodo ioftenhearhimsingthesong heisoftenheardtosingthesong 补足语 注意3 catch keep mind prevent remember stop start smell excuse send fancy sbdoing例如 shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette we dbetterkeepthefireburning idon tmindyoujoking ilikeit theheavyrainpreventeduscominghereontime wemusttrytostopthemgettingintotrouble idon trememberhimeversayinganythinglikethat hiswordsstartedmethinkingseriously canyousmellsomethingburning theearthquakesentthechinaandglasscrashingtotheground 补足语 作状语时的区别 ing pp表示时间 原因 条件 方式 伴随情况等等 eg theyworkedhardtopayforthenecklace iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout iamgladtoseeyou todo表示1 目的 2 结果 表示出人预料的情况或结果 常用only强调 3 原因 表示造成情感变化的原因 目的 结果 原因 状语 inordertopasstheexam heworkedveryhard weranallthewaysoasnottobelate 2 在作表语用的形容词后面作状语 iamverygladtohearit thequestionisdifficulttoanswer 3 too adj adv todo作状语 heistoooldtodothat 4 enough adj adv todo作状语 theroomisbigenoughtoholdus 1 目的状语 inorderto或soasto todo作状语的其它几种情况 5 so such astodo表结果 hewassoangryastobeunabletospeak iamnotsuchafoolastobelieveyou ingform与pp作状语现在分词 短语 与过去分词 短语 作状语 表示时间 原因 结果 条件 让步 方式或伴随情况等 whenleavingtheairport theywavedagainandagaintous united westand divided wefall when ifweareunited seenfromthehill theparklooksverybeautiful climbingtothetopofthetower wesawamagnificentview 1 表示时间 2 表示原因beingsick istayedathome shecaughtcoldsittingonthegrass 3 表示条件adoptingthismethod wewillraisetheaverageyield 产量 by40percent wewillnotattackunlessattacked evenifinvited iwon tgo 4 表示让步admittingwhatshehassaid istillthinkthatshehasn ttriedherbest 5 表示结果itrainedheavily causingseverefloodinginthatcountry itrainedfortwoweeksonend completelyruiningourholiday 6 表示方式或伴随情况heranuptoherbreathingheavily pleasefillintheform givingyourname addresssurroundedbyagroupofpupils theoldteacherwalkedintotheroom 分词的时态和语态 与主语动词同时 应用现在分词 分词作时间状语 如果先于主动词的动作 且强调先后 要用havingdone 1 thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight alongspeechforthepresident a toprepareb preparingc preparedd waspreparing2 areply hedecidedtowriteagain notreceivingb receivingnotc nothavingreceivedd havingnotreceived3 intheuniversityfor3years heknowsthewayverywell b c havingstudied bytheteacher liminggaveupsmoking a havingbeencriticizedb beingcriticizedc criticizedd havingcriticizedwaitingforabus a abrickfellonmyheadb alittlegirlcametotalkwithme c iwashitbyabrickontheheadd iwashitbyabrickonmyhead a c 分词作插入语或转化为介词和连词其结构是固定的 意思上的主语并不是句子的主语 generallyspeaking一般说来talkingof speakingof 说道strictlyspeaking严格的说judgingfrom从 判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来given considering考虑到supposing provided providing假若例如 givenhisage hedidverywell supposingshedoesn tcome whatshallwedo 动词不定式作插入语表明说话人的立场或态度 在句中作独立成分 tobehonest frank fair totellyouthetruth tobegin startwith tocut makealongstoryshort toget back tothepoint tomakethings mattersworse toputitanotherway nottospeakof eg tobehonest ihaveneverheardofwinstonchurchill heknowsenglishandfrench nottospeakofgerman 非谓语动词的否定形式 not todo ingform hedecidednottodoit shewishednevertoseehimagain notseeingjohn iaskedwherehewas nothavingdoneitright itriedagain hisnotcomingmademealittleangry ingform与pp的区别 ingform表示主动 正在进行 pp表示被动 已经完成 作表语时或定语时 ing