职称英语考试备考辅导职称英语卫生类概括大意例题精讲

职称英语卫生类概括大意例题精讲Pregnant women warned about ACE1 inhibitorSome of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 95 and 2000.Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders.2 The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems.3 These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine4 published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 85 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders.ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects.5 So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration6 helped pay for the study. The F.D.A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.词汇：pregnant adj. 怀孕的inhibitor n. 抑制剂pregnancy n. 怀孕diabetes n. 糖尿病diabetic adj. 糖尿病的 n. 糖尿病患者suppress vt. 抑制dependable adj. 可靠的注释：1. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)：血管紧张肽转化酶2. birth disorders：先天性疾病3. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. 这项研究表明，如果与其他婴儿相比，这些婴儿在出生时患大病的可能性几乎是他们的三倍。compare to在美国英语中也有 compared with(与.相比)的意思。另外，problem在医学文献中常常用来指疾病。4. New England Journal of Medicine：新英格兰医药杂志。New England 是美国东北六州 ( Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island 和 Connecticut )的总称。5 birth defect ( = congenital defect)：先天性缺陷，先天性缺损6. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)：美国食品与药品管理局练习：1. Paragraph 22. Paragraph 33. Paragraph 44. Paragraph 5A Effects of ACE and ACE inhibitorsB Wide use of ACE inhibitorsC How to deal with high blood pressure in pregnant womenD Damage to pregnant womens future babiesE Suggestions on stopping the use of ACE inhibitorsF Relative safety for women during the first three months of pregnancies5. FDA suggests that pregnant women with high blood pressure should consult .6. ACE inhibitors are not recommended .7. Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders .8. ACE is a risk factor to our body .A that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrowB for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnanciesC that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babiesD with their doctors about how to treat their problemsE because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defectsF though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies 答案与解析：1. 分析文章标题： Pregnant(怀孕的) women warned about/of (被警告.)ACE (血管紧张肽转化酶)inhibitor(抑制剂)文章主题词：pregnant women, warn, ACE inhibitor2. 分析小标题被选项：A Effects (影响)of ACE and ACE inhibitors(抑制剂)B Wide(广泛的) use (使用)of ACE inhibitorsC How to deal with (处理，应对)high blood pressure (高血压)in pregnant womenD Damage to(对.的损害) pregnant womens future(未来的) babies(婴儿)E Suggestions on (关于.的建议)stopping(停止) the use of ACE inhibitorsF Relative(相对的， 有关系的) safety(安全) for women during(在.期间) the first three months of pregnancies (怀孕)所有的被选项都直接或间接地涉及到了文章主题词， 因此这些选项成为答案的可能性均较大。1. 解答概括大意题：A Effects (影响)of ACE and ACE inhibitors(抑制剂)B Wide(广泛的) use (使用)of ACE inhibitorsC How to deal with (应对)high blood pressure (高血压)in pregnant womenD Damage to(对.的损害) pregnant womens future(未来的) babies(婴儿)E Suggestions on (关于.的建议)stopping(停止) the use of ACE inhibitorsF Relative(相对的) safety(安全) for women during(在.期间) the first three months of pregnancies (怀孕)1. Paragraph 2Doctors have known (已经知道)for years that women should not take(服用) ACE inhibitors during(在.期间) the last (最后的， 最近的)six months of pregnancy. The medicine(药品) can injure(伤害) the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders.2 The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems.3 These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.1.D baby连同它的词义相关词共出现了4次，而且是贯穿全段出现，因此baby是段落主题词，由此判断D可能是答案。段落开头的语句与D内容一致，因此进一步确认D是答案。 第二段说的是孕妇在孕期最后六个月服用ACE抑制剂会给未来婴儿带来伤害，婴儿患大病的可能性几乎是其他婴儿的三倍，包括大脑和神经系统发育缺陷及心脏出现空洞等。A Effects (影响)of ACE and ACE inhibitors(抑制剂)B Wide(广泛的) use (使用)of ACE inhibitorsC How to deal with (应对)high blood pressure (高血压)in pregnant womenE Suggestions on (关于.的建议)stopping(停止) the use of ACE inhibitorsF Relative(相对的， 有关系的) safety(安全) for women during(在.期间) the first three months of pregnancies (怀孕)2. Paragraph 3The researchers say (说)they found(发现) no increased(增加的) risk(风险) in women who took(服用) other blood pressure(血压) medicines(药) during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine4 published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 85 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to (由.生出)women who took(服用) ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies(怀孕). Eighteen of the babies, or(即) almost nine percent, had major (主要的，严重的)disorders(紊乱).1. F 段落段首句及段尾部分的句子均表明：服用的ACE的孕妇生下的孩子大部分没有什么严重的影响，因此F是答案。第三段说患高血压的孕妇在孕期头三个月服用其它降压药，她们的危险性并没有增加;即使服用ACE抑制剂，其婴儿也只有大约9%患大病。故妊娠头三个月相对安全。A Effects (影响)of ACE and ACE inhibitors(抑制剂)B Wide(广泛的) use (使用)of ACE inhibitorsC How to deal with (处理，应对)high blood pressure (高血压)in pregnant womenE Suggestions on (关于.的建议)stopping(停止) the use of ACE inhibitors3. Paragraph 4ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects.5 So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress(抑制) a protein(蛋白质) called angiotensin-converting enzyme(酶), or(即) ACE. This enzyme (酶)produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase(增加) the flow (流动)of blood so pressure(血压) is reduced(被减少).3.A 这个段落的主题词是ACE，因此A， B和E可能是答案。 现在可以利用排除法答题：假设B是答案， B中提到ACE抑制剂的广泛使用， 则段落中应该具体提到在哪些领域中使用的例子， 结果发现段落中根本没有出现use, application, apply, function 等与使用或用途相关的词， 因此B不是答案; 假设E是答案，则段落中应该出现至少一条关于停止使用ACE抑制剂的建议， 既然上段已经提到ACE的使用是相对安全的， 因此这个段落如果出现建议停止使用的内容就不合理了，因此E不是答案， 因此答案只能使A。第四段说，ACE抑制剂可以抑制一种叫ACE的蛋白质，ACE可以使血管变窄，而ACE抑制剂则可增加血流使血压下降。B Wide(广泛的) use (使用)of ACE inhibitorsC How to deal with (处理，应对)high blood pressure (高血压)in pregnant womenE Suggestions on (关于.的建议)stopping(停止) the use of ACE inhibitors4. Paragraph 5New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration6 (美国食品药品管理局)helped pay for the study. The F.D.A. says women who might become pregnant(怀孕的) should talk with(与.交谈) their doctor about other ways to treat(治疗) high blood pressure(高血压).4 解答完成句子题：A that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrowB for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnanciesC that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babiesD with their doctors(医生) about how to treat(治疗) their problemsE because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defectsF though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies被选项是不同的语法结构， 因此可能有些题能借助语法搭配结构直接判断答案。5. FDA suggests(建议) that pregnant(怀孕的) women ith high blood pressure should consult(咨询， 请教with) . 根据搭配结构直接判断D是答案。5。D 本题答案存在于文章的最后一句。可以利用问题句中的特征词作为答案线索在文章中找到答案相关句： The F.D.A. says women who might become pregnant(怀孕的) should talk with/consult with(向.请教) their doctor about other ways to treat(治疗) high blood pressure(高血压).A that may cause our blood vessels(脉管) to become more and more narrow(狭窄的)B for pregnant(怀孕的) women to take(服用) during their last six months of pregnancies(怀孕)C that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babiesE because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defectsF though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies6. ACE inhibitors are not recommended(被推荐) .6。B 利用问题句中的特征词ACE inhibitors作为答案线索， 在第二段第一句中找到答案相关句：Doctors have known (已经)for years that women should not take(服用) ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy(怀孕).A that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrowC that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babiesE because diabetes d