2019最新高考英语语法要点细讲精练20—情景交际(详解).doc

2019最新高考英语语法要点细讲精练20情景交际（详解）【考纲解读】高考研究高考英语情景交际考点是用来考查考生在一定语境下对应答或习惯表达的掌握情况。其实质是对学生口语能力进行一种书面的考查。一般来说，高考中对于情景交际试题要求主要包括英语新课程标准中所涉及的68个话题。主要表达在社会交往(问候、告别、道歉、祝愿、祝贺等)中人的态度(同意或不同意；喜欢或不喜欢；肯定或不肯定；可能或不可能；能够或不能够等)或表示的一种情感(高兴、惊奇、忧虑、安慰、满意、遗憾、同情等)等。【知识要点】对情景交际的考查是英语高考中的一种潮流。它的目的主要在于考查考生对英语知识的理解及应用，从而检测出考生对英语的驾驭能力。国家高中英语新课标列出了11个方面共66个功能意念项目以及24个话题项目。下面是最常用的一些情景交际语境。1.Introduction(介绍)This is Mr Smith.Nice/Glad/Pleased to meet you.2.Greetings(问候)How are you doing?Very well,thank you.3.Thanks(感谢)Thank you very much.Its a pleasure./My Pleasure./Thats OK./Youre welcome./Dont mention it./Thats all right.4.Apologies(道歉)Im sorry for losing your radio.Thats OK./Its all right./Never mind./Its nothing./Forget it./It doesnt matter.5.Invitation(邀请)Would you like to have a cup of coffee?Thank you./No, thank you.6.Asking for permission(请求允许)Would/Do you mind my smoking here?Of course,you can./Go ahead,please.Im sorry,its not allowed./Im afraid not.7.Expressing wishes and congratulations(祝愿和祝贺)Im going to have an English Exam.Good luck!I have just won the first prize in the maths competition.Congratulations!8.Offering help(提供帮助)Shall I help you with that?Yes,please./Yes,thanks.No,thanks./Thank you all the same.9.Making appointments(约会)Lets make it at 5:30.All right.See you then.10.Making telephone calls(打电话) Hello! May I speak to Tom?/Is that Tom speaking?Just a moment, please./Sorry. He isnt in just now. /Hold the line, please. /Hello. This is Mary speaking.11.Having meals(就餐) Would you like something to eat/drink?Yes,Id like a drink./Id like rice and chicken.No,thank you.Ive had enough.12.Seeing a doctor(就医)Whats the matter?Im not quite myself./I feel terrible(bad,horrible.).I have a headache./There is something wrong with.13.Shopping购物What can I do for you?/May I help you?I want/Id like a pair of sports shoes.14.Asking the way(问路)Excuse me.Where is the post office?/Excuse me.Which is the way to the post office?/Can(Could) you tell me the way to the post office?/How can I get to the post office?Its over there./Go down this street until you see the tall red building.You cant miss it./You can take bus No.23./Turn left at the first crossing./Sorry,I dont know.Im a stranger here.15.Talking about weather(谈论天气)Whats the weather like today?/How is the weather today?Its nice/fine/sunny/cloudy/rainy/snowy/foggy.16.Sympathy(同情)My mother is ill.I have to stay at home and look after her.Im sorry to hear that.17.Frequency(频度)How often do you go to movies?Once a week.18.Praise and encouragement(赞扬和鼓励)You speak excellent English.Thank you.典题链接英语是一种交流工具。为考查考生的能力，交际用语在高考中一直有所表达。高考对日常用语的考查范围主要集中在以下5个方面：1.请求许可与回答：May I turn down the radio a bit?_,if you insist.A. NoB. My pleasureC. All rightD. Thats right此题选C项。上文在征询意见，请求许可。下文尽管有点不乐意，还是同意了。All right,OK都可以。如果没有if you insist,可以爽快地说Go ahead/Yes,of course.Do you mind my smoking here?_.A. No, please dontB. I dont want you toC. Im afraid I dontD. Id rather you didnt此题选D项，用Id rather主观愿望句表示不同意。用虚拟语气显得比较客气，委婉。如果直截了当地说，就用Im afraid I do.这样显得有点不客气。2.请求帮助、提供帮助、接受帮助或拒绝帮助Would you do me a favor of posting this letter?_.A. Its my pleasureB. No troubleC. Yes, thats rightD. With pleasure此题选D项。With pleasure是Ill do that with pleasure.（我很乐意）的省略。而A项是你帮过忙，别人致谢时，你的回答。我很荣幸。Let me carry the bag for you, professor.Thank you._.A. Go aheadB. Here you areC. I can manageD. Take it此题选C项。I can manage(it).我自己能行；A项go ahead 前面说过，是别人请求许可时的爽快回答；B项意思是给你；D项是叫别人收下什么时说的。Sir, can I ask a favor?_A. Im sorry, but what?B. Sure, what is it?C. Yes, you could. D. Id love to.此题选B项。先同意，然后问是什么。C项对别人应该说Yes, you can.有求于人时才用委婉的could;而D项与上文不符。3.就餐场合How do you want the beef?_.A. SmallB. ThinC. HotD. Medium此题选D项。上文问的是牛肉要几成熟？只有D项Medium(七八成熟，不老不嫩）是正确的回答。当然还有rare(嫩一点)或Well-done(老一点)。Can I help you, sir?_.A. Yes, you canB. No, I dont need any helpC. Of course, if you likeD. No, thanks, Im being served此题选D项。对话发生在餐馆。服务员问：先生要点些什么食物？顾客回答：不，我已经点过了。选项A和C人称用错；选项B语气不委婉；Im being served. 已经点过，只是点的东西还没上来。应选D。4.问路Its several blocks away. Let me draw you a map._.A. ThanksB. Oh, I would really appreciate thatC. Thatll be OKD. Oh, you dont have to此题选B项。就上下文来说B项最合适，A、C两项略显冷淡了点，对于帮了大忙的人，光Thanks和OK不足以表达感谢之情。_.Oh, look at my poor sense of direction.A. Let me help youB. This way, pleaseC. Here it isD. No hurry此题选B项。这是发生在路上的对话。根据下文“看我这方向感！”，可知走错路了。所以上文应该是“这边请！”5.祝贺和祝愿Happy Fathers Day, Dad!_.A. You are welcomeB. Thats all rightC. Thank youD. The same to you此题选C项。子女对父亲说：父亲节快乐。父亲回答：谢谢。或Its nice of you to say so.真是好孩子！Have a sweet dream, Honey!_.A. Thanks, anywayB. I willC. All rightD. You too此题选D项。晚上父母把孩子送上床，然后说：做个好梦。回答：你也是。在其他相互祝愿的情况下You too 都可用。如在party上:Enjoy yourself!You too.碰到熟人:Have a nice day.You too.过年过节：Have a happy new year!You too.而A项是别人帮你的忙没帮上时说的话，“不管怎么说，还是要谢谢你。”【考点诠释】英语交际型试题主要考查考生对英语知识的理解和应用能力，考查考生对中西方文化差异的掌握情况及对英语的使用和驾驭能力。在高考英语试题中，交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。考查的方式以应答为主，提问为辅；以考点1 习惯应答类许多情景对话中使用的是英美人的习惯用语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语；感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其固定的应答用语。对于这类题目，我们要遵循他们的习惯进行回答。如：1常用于感谢的应答用语有：You are welcome/Dont mention it/It is my pleasure(My pleasure)/Not at a11/Thats all right/Im glad(happy)that/Im glad you like(enjoy)it2常用于道歉的应答用语有：Never mind/It doesnt matter/Not at a11/Thats all right/That is nothing3常见的祝愿和祝贺用语有：Good luck!/Best wishes to you/Have a nice time/Wish you a pleasant journey/Congratulations!/Merry Christmas!/Happy birthday to you而应答用语有：Thank you/The same to you/You too4接受请求和邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure/Id be happy(glad)to/Yes，help yourself/No problem/Good idea/Sounds good/Why not?拒绝请求和邀请的应答用语有：Sorry，but/Id rather you/Thank you，but/No way!/Forget it。5其他场景习惯应答用语考生也应注意。问候的应答用语有：How do you do/Fine，thank you介绍的应答用语有：Very glad(pleased)to see you接电话的习惯用语有：This is Li Ming speaking道别的习惯用语有：Bye/So long/See you later服务人员的应答用语有：Yes，Sir/Yes，Madame/Take your time考点2 破交际定势类汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。我们要力求用英语思维，避免母语交际定势的干扰，要根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答。如：当中国人听到对方夸奖或赞美自己时，习惯上要说些表示谦虚的话；而英美人则不同，他们总是先接受对方的夸奖，再表示谢意。如：一Youve given us a wonderful Chinese dinner，MrsWang王太太，您给我们提供了一顿极好的中式晚餐。Im glad you enjoyed it我很高兴你们喜欢。考点3 语言结构类这类题要求考生根据对话情景和所掌握的正确语言结构来做出选择。以习惯用法和变异句(如省略句)居多。如当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，I think(suppose，believe)SO/Yes，Imafraid SO对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度，则说：No，I dont think(suppose) so/No，I dont believe so/No，I believe(suppose)not/No，I hope not/No，I am afraid not“Do you mind?”常用于表示请求对方允许。如果同意，则用“No，go ahead/No，of course not/No，not at a11”等来回答；如果不同意，可用“Im sorry I do”来回答。考点4 情景用语类根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。如表示不肯定或没把握，人们会说：I am afraid that/It depends表示不耐烦和催促的用语有：Well，well/Come on/Hurry up!表示惊奇和有把握的用语有：No wonder/No doubt如：一What do you want to do next?We have half an hour until the basketball game接下来你准备做什么?在篮球赛之前我们还有半小时。一Its up to youWhatever you want to do is fine with me这取决于你。你想做什么我都同意。【试题放送】【2018重庆卷】26.-The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum has been cancelled. -Oh, no!_. A. Its a pity B. It doesnt matter C.I knew it already D. Its not interesting at all【考点】交际用语【答案】A【解析】分析题干语境可知，答语表示的是对于现代艺术展览活动的取消表示遗憾。因此，正确答案为A选项。【2018辽宁卷】23. Im terribly sorry to interrupt, but may I use your phone? Its rather urgent. Yes, . A. with pleasure B. no burry C. it doesnt matter D. of course【考点】交际用语【答案】D【解析】由前面的Yes可知，第二个人同意对方用他的电话，所以用of course。学生可能会误选为A，with pleasure意为“乐意帮忙”而这个题是说对方当然可以用他的电话，所以with pleasure在这儿不合题意。【2018四川卷】. Excuse me. How much is the shirt? _.A. Extra Large B. 50 each C. It sells well D. Altogether there are 5 【答案】 B 【考点】此题考查交际用语。【解析】句意为“打扰一下，这衬衫多少钱？”“_。”A意为“超大号”，B意为“每件50”C意为“它很畅销”，D意为“总共有5（件）”。根据语境，应选B。【2018四川卷】3.Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime. 高666考%资&源Sure. _.A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will【答案】 D 【考点】此题考查交际用语。【解析】根据上句“再见，约翰。（欢迎）找个时间再来。”而选D，意为：我会的，我愿意。【2018陕西卷】16.Im sorry for being late. I should have phoned you earlier.-_. Ive just arrived.A. Thats no trouble B. You are welcomeC. Thats all rightD. You can never tell【答案】C 【考点】考查交际用语。【解析】A项意思是：一点也不麻烦；B项意思是：不用谢；C项意思是：好的，行；没关系；D项意思是：你永远说不清楚。所填部分是对Im sorry的应答，根据情景选C。【2018陕西卷】21.The trip shouldnt take more than an hour. _.Tt is at least two hours. A. I guess so B. Thats itC. You must be joking D. It depeds【答案】C 【考点】考查交际用语。【解析】A项意思是：我想是这样；B项意思是：就是它；C项意思是：你一定在开玩笑；D项意思是：看情况。题干中前一分句意思是：旅行不该超过一小时。而应答句的后一分句意思是：至少两小时了，根据情景选C。【2018全国II】20. -Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy.- Thanks. _A. So what? B. No way C. What for? D. You， too.【答案】D【解析】此处So what? 那又怎么样呢？No way没门儿；What for?为什么； You， too.你也是。句意：-不要让自己太累了。放松点儿。-谢谢。你也是。【考点】考查情景对话。【2018全国II】6. -What shall we do tonight then? -_-whatever you want.A. Help yourself B. Its a deal C. No problem D. Its up to you 【答案】D【解析】此处Help yourself 你自己来；Its a deal 一言为定，成交； No problem没问题；Its up to you由你决定。句意：-我们今晚干什么呢？-由你决定。你想做什么就做什么。【考点】考查情景对话。5【2018天津卷】-You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you dont.-_. Confidence is really important.【D】A. Its not my cup of teaB. Thats not the pointC. I dont think soD. I couldnt agree more1【2018天津卷】-Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr. Johnson?-_. I can manage without you.【D】A. Forget it B. Im afraid notC. It dependsD. Of course【2018全国新课程】21.-Which one of these do you want? - . Either will do .A. I dont mind B. Im sureC. No problem D. Go ahead【答案】A【解析】此处I dont mind我不介意； Im sure我确信；No problem 没问题；Go ahead继续做。句意：-你想要这些中的那一个？-我不在乎。任何一个都行。【考点】考查情景对话。【2018山东卷】22. Sorry Im late. I got stuck in traffic. _. Youre here now. Come in and sit down. A. You are welcomeB. Thats right C. I have no ideaD. Never mind【答案】D【解析】此处you are welcome不用谢；I have no idea我不知道；thats right那是正确的； never mind不介意，没关系。句意：-对不起，我迟到了。我遇到了交通堵塞。-没关系，你现在到了。进来请坐。根据语意选D。【考点】考查交际用语。【2018福建卷】21.What are you going to do this weekend?一 . If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends.A. Dont mention it B. It doesnt matter C. Forget itD. It depends【考点】交际用语征求意见或看法【答案】D【解析】根据题中的语境，特别是答语的后半部分“If time permits”，可知“看情况决定”选择应选择A项“It depends”，表示同意，其它选项不合题意。此题比较容易。【2018福建卷】29. You had better_ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.A. set aside B. take upC. put away D. give out【考点】考查动词短语辨析【答案】A【解析】根据后半句so that you can keep yourself energetic可知上半句应该是建议对方要多留出时间进行运动，set aside“留出，拨出” ；take up“占据，从事“；put away“收拾好”give out“发出，分发”，根据句意只能选择A项。【2018浙江卷】20. Im going to San Francisco for a couple of days. . I wish I could get away for a while.A. It doesnt matter B. Forget itC. I really envy you D. I cant agree more【考点】交际用语征求意见或看法【答案】C【解析】根据句意：-我要去圣弗朗西斯科几天。-真羡慕你（I really envy you）。我多么希望我也可以离开一会儿呀。与I wish相呼应，故答案C符合语境。It doesnt matter ，没有关系；forget it别提了；I cant agree more完全赞同，均不符合语境，故排除。【2018浙江卷】1. Is there anything else to discuss?_. I guess.A. Not at allB. No, thats all C. Yes, Im sure D. Yea, of course【考点】交际用语征求意见或看法【答案】B【解析】根据句意：-还有其他事要讨论吗？-没有，就这么多（no, thats all），我想。应选答案B。not at all一点儿也不；yes, Im sure是的，我确定；yes, of course是的，当然，均是答非所问，不合题意，故排除。 【2018江苏卷】33. Honey, the cats stuck in the tree. Can you turn off the TV and get a ladder?Oh, it jumped off. .A. Never mind B. All rightC. No problemD. Take care【考点】交际用语安慰【答案】A【解析】A项意为“别介意，别放在心上”，。B项意为“好吧”；C项意为“没问题”；D项意为“当心”。 句意为：亲爱的，那只猫被困在树上。你可以关电视，拿梯子？哦，它会跳下来。别放在心上。根据上面是在担心，故后面是安慰，应选A项。【2018江苏卷】24.-Dont worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.-_! Ill tell Dad theres nothing serious.A. What a relief B. Congratulations C. How surprising D. Im so sorry【考点】交际用语安慰【答案】A【解析】句意为：妈妈，别担心。医生说只是流感。我可以松口气了。我要告诉爸爸没有什么严重的。A项意为“可以松口气了”，符合语境。B项意为“祝贺”；C项意为“多么令人惊讶啊”；D项意为“我很抱歉”。根据句意，应选A项。【2018安徽卷】32. I love the Internet. Ive come to know many friends on the Net. . Few of them would become your real friends.A. Thats for sure B. Its not the caseC. I couldnt agree more D. Im pleased to know that【答案】B【解析】选择B是正确的。后面的句子告诉我们：应答者是持有否定态度的。A、C、D都是持肯定态度的。【考点】考查交际用语。【2018安徽卷】22.May I help you? You seem to be having some problems. , thanks. I think I can manage. A. All right B. No problem C. Itall right D. Theres no way 【答案】C【解析】你说的对。但是谢谢你的好意，我自己可以解决。【考点】交际用语。【模拟试题】1. 【2018潍坊一模】So you missed the lecture given by the famous professor. . I got there 10 minutes before it finished.ANot at allBNot exactlyCNot especiallyDNot really【答案】B【解析】考查交际用语。由答语的第二句“I got there 10 minutes before it finished”，可以看出答话者认为对方所说的“you missed the lecture”，不完全正确，所以用not exactly。2. 【2018四川自贡高三二诊】- Are you glad to hear from her? 一Of course. _I dreamed about her several nights. A. Whats more B. That is to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not【答案】D【解析】考查情景对话。句意：-你愿意收到她的信吗？-当然。信不信由你，我梦到她好几晚上了。Whats more“另外”；that is to say “那就是说”；in other words“换句话说”；believe it or not“信不信由你”。3. 【2018金华十校期末】Ken, _, but your radio is going too loudOh, Im sorryIll turn it down right now AI hate to say it BIt doesnt hurt to askCIm really tired of it DIm crazy about it【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。由but后面的句子可以看出，这是在委婉的提出要求，所以用：I hate to say it我实在不想说（但又不得不说）。4. 【2018泰安期末】一Lets go to a movie after workOK? -_. ANot at a11 BNever mind CWhy not? DYoure welcome【答案】C 【解析】考查交际用语。句意：-下班后我们去看电影好吗？-好呀！Not at a11“一点也不”；Never mind“没关系”；Why not? “好呀；为什么不那”；Youre welcome“不用谢”。 Why not?符合句意。5. 【2018九江一模】Can you help me with the math problem, Dad? _OK, let me think it overAI m fed up with it BIm stuck CI didnt get it DI can t find it【答案】B 【解析】考查交际用语。I m fed up with it.“我受够了”；Im stuck.“我被困住了”；I didnt get it.“我没弄明白”；I cant find it.“我找不到”。从问句中的Can you help me with the math problem, Dad?看出，是“被困住了”的意思。应选B项。6.【2018安徽宿州一次质检】So you missed the lecture given by the famous professor. . I got there 10 minutes before it finished.ANot at allBNot exactlyCNot especiallyDNot really【答案】B【解析】考查交际用语。由答语的第二句“I got there 10 minutes before it finished”，可以看出答话者认为对方所说的“you missed the lecture”，不完全正确，所以用not exactly。7. 【2018浙江调研】 Ive got something weighing on my mind at the moment. Could you give me some advice? _. Tell me all about it and Ill do what I can. A.Never mindB. No way C. No problemD. Forget it【答案】C【解析】考查交际用语。说话人想征求对方的建议，根据答语下一句的内容可知对方认为“没问题”，应选C表示“(乐于相助或事情容易做)没问题”。8. 【2018枣庄期末】I hate it when it rains. _! It will be sunny tomorrow.A. Cheer upB. Too badC. No wayD. Im sorry【答案】A 【解析】考查交际用语。由答语的第二句可以看出，这里是在鼓励对方振作起来，所以用cheer up。语境为：-我讨厌下雨天。-振作起来，明天就是晴天。9. 【2018.02吉林重点中学适应】I am so glad I caught you at home. I need your help!_， Robin?AWhats up BWhat elseCHow come DWhy not【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。句意：碰上你在家，我很高兴，我需要你的帮助。怎么了，罗宾？whats up“怎么了”，符合句意。what else“还有什么”；how come“怎么会”；why not“为什么不呢”。10【2018南阳期终】-Terry, I need to see a doctor. -_? ASo what BWhat else CHow come DWhat for【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。what for相当于what do you see a doctor for?11. 【2018宁德质检】Im worried about the interview tomorrowIts so important to meTake it easy_ACongratulations on your success BThats really somethingCChances are slim DEverything will work out just fine【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。由答语（Take it easy）来看，这是在安慰对方，所以选D ，意思是：一切都会进行顺利的。12. 【2018合肥质检】A second, please. I have another call coming through. _ .Im not in a hurry.A. Enjoy yourself B. Leave me alone C. Do as you like D. Take your time【答案】D 【解析】由下文的“Im not in a hurry.（我不着急）”可以看出，四个选项中只有Take your time符合语境，语境为：慢慢来，不急。13.【2018.02桐乡模拟】You wont believe it, Tom. I was chosen as an exchange student to China.Congratulations! _.A. Thats somethingB. Thats all right C. You got it D. You did a good job【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。 something 在这里意思是：了不起的（人或事）。句意为：你或许不相信，我被选为到中国的交流生了。-祝贺你，太了不起了。14. 【2018南阳期终】-Excuse me，dad, but Im going to the club to meet my friends in the football team -OK. _.AGood luck BCongratulations CWith pleasure DHave fun【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。 同意了儿子将要去俱乐部见朋友，也就是说儿子马上要去了，四个选项中只有D 表示祝愿，意思是：